THE ROLE OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS IN TURKISH DEMOCRACY HISTORY

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 21, 21 - 32, 15.02.2018

Filiz Çoban Oran

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.323524

Öz

Bu
çalışma, Türkiye’nin dış ilişkilerinin demokratikleşme süreci üzerine olan
etkilerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye’nin demokrasiye
geçişindeki temel gelişmeleri hesaba katarak hangi dış politika tercihlerinin
Türkiye’de demokrasinin güçlenmesine etki ettiğinin izini sürmektedir. Bu
bağlamda, batılılaşmanın stratejik ve ekonomik kaygılarla Soğuk Savaş döneminin
sonuna kadar süren Türkiye’nin modernleşme projesi olduğunu iddia etmektedir.
Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde, 1999 Helsinki Zirvesi’nden beri de Türkiye’nin
siyasal Avrupalılaşma projesi demokratikleşme sürecine önemli katkılarda
bulunmuştur. Buna rağmen, yakınlaşmanın ‘altın yıllarından’ (1999-2005) sonraki
sorunlu Türkiye-AB ilişkileriyle Türkiye, son on yıldır Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi
yönetimi altında modernleşme, demokratikleşme ve dış politika eksenini yeniden
tanımlandığı bir döneme girmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türk dış politikası, demokratikleşme, batılılaşma, Avrupalılaşma, Türkiye-AB ilişkileri

THE ROLE OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS IN TURKISH DEMOCRACY HISTORY

Öz

This paper is an attempt to analyze the impact of the external relations
of Turkey upon its process of democratization. By considering main developments
in Turkey’s democratic transition, the aim is to trace the influences of
Turkish foreign policy choices on strengthening democracy in Turkey. In this
context, this study argues that westernization had been a modernization project
of Turkey with the strategic and economic concerns until the end of the Cold
War. In the post-Cold War period, the political Europeanization project of
Turkey has made significant contributions to the process of democratization
since the Helsinki Summit of 1999. However, with the problematic relationship
of Turkey-EU after the golden years (1999-2005) of rapprochement, Turkey went
to a redefinition process of its orientation in modernization, democratization
and foreign policy under the Justice and Development Party rule in the last
decade.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkish foreign policy, democratization, westernization, Europeanization, Turkey-EU relations

Kaynakça

• Ahmad, Feroz (1993) The Making of Modern Turkey, London: Routledge Akturk, Sener (2007), “Incompatible Visions of Supra-Nationalism: National Identity in Turkey and the European Union”, Arch.Europ.Sociol., XLVIII, 2 (2007), pp. 347-372 Aybak, Tunc (2002) “Foreign Policy in the New Century”, in Turkish Transformation ed. Brien Beeley, England: the Eothen Press. Aydinli, Ersel (2009), “A Paradigmatic Shift for the Turkish Generals and an End to the Coup Era in Turkey”, Middle East Journal, Volume 63, No. 4, Autumn. Bilgin, P. and Bilgic, A. (2011) “Turkey's "New" Foreign Policy toward Eurasia,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, 52:2, 173-195 Bilgin, Pinar (2008), “The Politics of Security and Secularism in Turkey: From the Early Republican Era to EU Accession Negotiations”, Religion, Politics, and Turkey’s EU Accession Edited by Dietrich Jung and Catharina Raudvere, New-York: Palgrave Macmillan Brown, A. D. and M. Humphreys, (2002), “Nostalgia and the Narrativization of Identity: A Turkish Case Study”, British Journal of Management, Vol. 13, 141–159 Canefe, Nergis, (2002), “Turkish nationalism and ethno-symbolic analysis: the rules of exception”, Nations and Nationalism 8 (2), 133-155. Cizre, Umit (2004), “Problems of democratic governance of civil-military relations in Turkey and the European Union enlargement zone”, European Journal of Political Research 43: 107–125 Cooper, Malcom, (2002), “The legacy of Ataturk: Turkish political structures and policy-making”, International Affairs 78, I, pp. 115-128 Dodd, Clement (2002) “Democracy and the European Union”, Turkish Transformation ed. Brien Beeley, England, the Eothen Pres Font, Nuria, (2006), “Why the European Union Gave Turkey the Green Light”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2, 197–212, August 2006 Gole, Nilufer, (2007) “80 Sonrasi Politik Kultur”, Turkiyede Politik Degisim ve Modernlesme, ed. E. Kalaycioglu, A.Y. Saribay, Alfa Aktuel Guney, Aylin and Karatekelioglu, Petek (2005) “Turkey’s EU Candidacy and Civil-Military Relations: Challenges and Prospects”, Forces & Society, Vol. 31, No. 3, Spring 2005, pp. 439–462. Gunter, Michael M. (2007), “Turkey’s Floundering Eu Candidacy and Its Kurdish Problem”, Middle East Policy, Vol.14 No.1 Spring Hale, William (2002) “Democracy and The Party System in Turkey”, Turkish Transformation, ed. Brien Beeley, England, the Eothen Press. Kasaba, Resat (1997), “Kemalist Certainties and Modern Ambiguities”, in Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey, ed. by Sibel Bozdogan and Resat Kasaba, the University of Washington Press. Keyman, E. Fuat, (2007), “Modernity, Secularism and Islam the Case of Turkey”, Theory, Culture & Society, SAGE, London, Vol. 24(2): 215–234 Muftuler- Bac, Meltem (2008), “Turkey’s Accession to the European Union: The Impact of the EU’s Internal Dynamics”, International Studies Perspectives, 9, 201–219 Muftuler- Bac, Meltem (2004), “The New Face of Turkey: The Domestic and Foreign Policy Implications of November 2002 Elections”, East European Quarterly XXXIV No no:4 Muftuler- Bac, Meltem (2000), “The Impact of The European Union on Turkish Politics”, East European Quarterly XXXIV No:2 Oran, Baskın (2002), “Türk Dis Politkasi: Temel Ilkeleri ve Soguk Savas Ertesindeki Durumu Uzerine Notlar”, Ankara Review of European Studies Cilt: 7, No:1 Onis, Ziya (2003) “Domestic Politics, International Norms and Challenges to the State: Turkey-EU Relations in the post Helsinki Era,” Turkey and the European Union ed. Ali Carkoglu, Barry Rubin pp.9-34 Ozbudun, Ergun (2012), “Turkey’s Search for a New Constitution”, Insight Turkey Vol. 14 / No. 1, pp. 39-50. Ozbudun, Ergun, (2009), “From Political Islam to Conservative Democracy: The Case of the Justice and Development Party in Turkey”, South European Society and Politics. Ozbudun, Ergun, (2000), Contemporary Turkish Politics: Challenges to Democratic Consolidation, Lynne Reinner Publications. Parker, Owen (2009), “Cosmopolitan Europe' and the EU-Turkey question: the politics of a common destiny”, Journal of European Public Policy, 16: 7, 1085-1101 Redmond, John, (2007), “Turkey and the European Union: troubled European or European trouble?”, International Affairs 83: 2, pp.305–317 Suvarierol, Semin (2003), “The Cyprus Obstacle on Turkey’s Road to Membership”, in the European Union and Turkey ed. Ali Cakoglu, Barry Rubin. Taraktas, Basak, (2008) “A Comparative Approach to Euroscepticism in Turkey and Eastern European Countries”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2, 249–266, August 2008. Yılmaz, Hakan, (2009) “Europeanisation and Its Discontents: Turkey, 1959–2007”, in Constantine Arvanitopoulos, Nikolaos Tzifakis (eds.) Turkey’s Accession to the European Union An Unusual Candidacy, Athens: Springer Verlag.