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DEVELOPMENT-ECONOMIC FREEDOMS INTERACTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF D8 AND G8 COUNTRY GROUPS

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 45, 1 - 10, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1340362

Öz

One viewpoint, which has been gaining traction recently, posits that augmenting economic freedom within liberal markets while minimizing public intervention spurs development. Conversely, another standpoint suggests that as development progresses, there emerges a heightened demand for greater economic freedom, resulting in the implementation of liberal policies. In this context the primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the presence of causality between economic freedom and development. Additionally, the study delves into whether this causal relationship, if extant, is consistent across countries at varying stages of development. Consequently, an examination is conducted on two distinct country groups, namely D8 and G8, employing the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test. This method dissects the directional link between economic freedom and development for these country clusters spanning the period 2000-2019. The analysis reveals that within D8 nations, a reciprocal causality exists between economic freedom and development. In contrast, among G8 countries, no causal link emerges from economic freedom to development, while a unilateral causal relationship emerges from development to economic freedom.

Kaynakça

  • Aixalá, J. and Fabro, G. (2009). Economic Freedom, Civil Liberties, Political Rights and Growth: A Causality Analysis. Spanish Economic Review, 11(3), 165-178.
  • Akalın, G. (2002). Türkiye’de Piyasa Ekonomisine Geçiş Süreci ve Ekonomik Kriz. TİSK, 215.
  • Akhter, S. H. (2004). Is globalization What It’s Cracked Up to Be? Economic Freedom, Corruption, and Human Development. Journal of World Business, 39(3), 283-295.
  • Aytun, C. and Akın, C. S. (2014). OECD Ülkelerinde Telekomünikasyon Altyapısı ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Yatay Kesit Bağımlı Heterojen Panel Nedensellik Analizi. İktisat, İşletme ve Finans, 29(340), 69-94.
  • Azman-Saini, W. N. W., Baharumshah, A. Z. and Law, S. H. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: International Evidence. Economic Modelling, 27(5), 1079-1089.
  • Belasen, A. R. and Hafer, R. W. (2012). Well-Being and Economic Freedom: Evidence from the States. Intelligence, 40, 306-316.
  • Bjørnskov, C. and Foss, N. J. (2008). Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurial Activity: Some Cross-Country Evidence. Public Choice, 134(3), 307-328.
  • Cole, J. (2003). The Contribution of Economic Freedom to World Economic Growth: 1980–99. The Cato journal, 23, 189-198.
  • Declaration on the Right to Development. (1986). United Nations.: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RightToDevelopment.aspx.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. and Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Easterlin, R. A. and Sawangfa, O. (2010). Happiness and Economic Growth: Does the Cross Section Predict Time Trends? Evidence from Developing Countries. International Differences in Well-Being, 166-216.
  • Efeoğlu, R. (2021). İnsani Gelişmenin Ekonomik ve Politik Belirleyicileri: Panel Sıralı Nitel Tercih Analizi. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 5(2), 911-923.
  • Esposto, A. G. and Zaleski, P. A. (1999). Economic Freedom and the Quality of Life: An Empirical Analysis. Constitutional Political Economy, 10, 185–197.
  • Farhadi, M., Islam, M. R. and Moslehi, S. (2015). Economic Freedom and Productivity Growth in Resource-Rich Economies. World Development, 72, 109-126.
  • Feldmann, H. (2017). Economic Freedom and Human Capital Investment. Journal of Institutional Economics, 13(2),
  • Geray, U. (1991). Ekonomi. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, 3633: İstanbul.
  • Graafand, J. and Compen, B. (2015). Economic Freedom and Life Satisfaction: Mediation by İncome Per Capita and Generalized Trust. Journal Happiness Studies, 16(3), 789-810.
  • Gwartney, J. and Lawson, R. (2004). Economic Freedom of the World: 2004 Annual Report. Vancouver, BC: Fraser Institute.
  • Hall, J. C., Sobel, R. S. and Crowley, G. R. (2010). Institutions, Capital, and Growth. Southern Economic Journal, 77(2), 385-405.
  • Justesen, M. K. (2008). The Effect of Economic Freedom on Growth Revisited: New Evidence on Causality from a Panel of Countries 1970-1999. European Journal of Political Economy, 24(3), 642-660.
  • Kar, M. and Taban, S. (2014). Kalkınma Ekonomisi. 1. Basım, Ekin Yayınevi: Bursa.
  • King, E. M., Montenegro, C. E. and Orazem, P. F. (2012). Economic Freedom, Human Rights, and the Returns to Human Capital: An Evaluation of the Schultz Hypothesis. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 61(1), 39-72.
  • Maxwell, S. (1999). The Meaning and Measurement of Poverty. ODI Poverty Briefing. London, Overseas Development Institute.
  • Miller, T., Kim, A. B., Roberts, J. M. and Tyrrell, P. (2022). Index of Economic Freedom 2022. The Heritage Foundation, Washington.
  • Murphy, R. H. (2016). Economic Freedom of North America at State Borders. Journal of Institutional Economics, 12(4), 885–893.
  • Nerlova, M. and Balestra, P. (1992). Formulation and Estimation of Econometric Models for Panel Data. In The Econometrics of Panel Data, 3-18.
  • Nikolaev, B. (2014). Economic Freedom and Quality of Life: Evidence from the OECD’s Your Better Life Index. Journal of Private Enterprise, 29(3), 61–96.
  • Nyström, K. (2008). The Institutions of Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Panel Data. Public Choice, 136(3), 269–282.
  • Pérez, H. J. G., Ortega, M.V. and Díaz, M.C.C. (2019). Economic Growth Model in Developing Economies. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1388 012033: 1-6.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Sen, A. (2004). Özgürlükle Kalkınma. (Y. Alogan, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Spruk, R. and Kešeljević, A. (2018). Economic Freedom and Growth Across German Districts. Journal of Institutional Economics, 14(4), 739–765.
  • Stroup, M. D. (2007). Economic Freedom, Democracy, and the Quality of Life. World Development, 35(1), 52–66.
  • Turgut, N. (1997). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmanın Sağlanmasında Katılımın Rolü. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. 52(01), 701-715.
  • Tüzüntürk, S. (2007). Panel Veri Modellerinin Tahmininde Parametre Homojenliğinin Önemi: Geleneksel Phillips Eğrisi Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, C, 21, 2.
  • UNDP. (2014). 2014 Human Development Report. New York: UN Publishing.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2016). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.

KALKINMA-EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜKLER ETKİLEŞİMİ: D8 VE G8 ÜLKE GRUBU KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 45, 1 - 10, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1340362

Öz

Son zamanlarda ilgi gören bir bakış açısı, liberal piyasalarda ekonomik özgürlüğü artırırken kamu müdahalesini en aza indirmenin kalkınmayı teşvik ettiğini öne sürmektedir. Aksine, bir başka bakış açısı, kalkınma ilerledikçe, liberal politikaların uygulanmasıyla sonuçlanan daha fazla ekonomik özgürlük için artan bir talebin ortaya çıktığını öne sürmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel amacı, ekonomik özgürlük ile kalkınma arasındaki nedenselliğin varlığını irdelemektir. Ek olarak, çalışma, eğer mevcutsa, bu nedensel ilişkinin farklı gelişme aşamalarındaki ülkeler arasında tutarlı olup olmadığını araştırır. Sonuç olarak, Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik testi kullanılarak D8 ve G8 olmak üzere iki farklı ülke grubu üzerinde bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Bu yöntem, 2000-2019 dönemini kapsayan bu ülke kümeleri için ekonomik özgürlük ile kalkınma arasındaki yönlü bağlantıyı inceler. Analiz, D8 ülkelerinde, ekonomik özgürlük ile kalkınma arasında karşılıklı bir nedensellik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşılık, G8 ülkeleri arasında, ekonomik özgürlükten kalkınmaya doğru bir nedensellik bağı ortaya çıkmazken, kalkınmadan ekonomik özgürlüğe doğru tek taraflı bir nedensellik ilişkisi ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aixalá, J. and Fabro, G. (2009). Economic Freedom, Civil Liberties, Political Rights and Growth: A Causality Analysis. Spanish Economic Review, 11(3), 165-178.
  • Akalın, G. (2002). Türkiye’de Piyasa Ekonomisine Geçiş Süreci ve Ekonomik Kriz. TİSK, 215.
  • Akhter, S. H. (2004). Is globalization What It’s Cracked Up to Be? Economic Freedom, Corruption, and Human Development. Journal of World Business, 39(3), 283-295.
  • Aytun, C. and Akın, C. S. (2014). OECD Ülkelerinde Telekomünikasyon Altyapısı ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Yatay Kesit Bağımlı Heterojen Panel Nedensellik Analizi. İktisat, İşletme ve Finans, 29(340), 69-94.
  • Azman-Saini, W. N. W., Baharumshah, A. Z. and Law, S. H. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: International Evidence. Economic Modelling, 27(5), 1079-1089.
  • Belasen, A. R. and Hafer, R. W. (2012). Well-Being and Economic Freedom: Evidence from the States. Intelligence, 40, 306-316.
  • Bjørnskov, C. and Foss, N. J. (2008). Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurial Activity: Some Cross-Country Evidence. Public Choice, 134(3), 307-328.
  • Cole, J. (2003). The Contribution of Economic Freedom to World Economic Growth: 1980–99. The Cato journal, 23, 189-198.
  • Declaration on the Right to Development. (1986). United Nations.: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RightToDevelopment.aspx.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. and Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Easterlin, R. A. and Sawangfa, O. (2010). Happiness and Economic Growth: Does the Cross Section Predict Time Trends? Evidence from Developing Countries. International Differences in Well-Being, 166-216.
  • Efeoğlu, R. (2021). İnsani Gelişmenin Ekonomik ve Politik Belirleyicileri: Panel Sıralı Nitel Tercih Analizi. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 5(2), 911-923.
  • Esposto, A. G. and Zaleski, P. A. (1999). Economic Freedom and the Quality of Life: An Empirical Analysis. Constitutional Political Economy, 10, 185–197.
  • Farhadi, M., Islam, M. R. and Moslehi, S. (2015). Economic Freedom and Productivity Growth in Resource-Rich Economies. World Development, 72, 109-126.
  • Feldmann, H. (2017). Economic Freedom and Human Capital Investment. Journal of Institutional Economics, 13(2),
  • Geray, U. (1991). Ekonomi. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, 3633: İstanbul.
  • Graafand, J. and Compen, B. (2015). Economic Freedom and Life Satisfaction: Mediation by İncome Per Capita and Generalized Trust. Journal Happiness Studies, 16(3), 789-810.
  • Gwartney, J. and Lawson, R. (2004). Economic Freedom of the World: 2004 Annual Report. Vancouver, BC: Fraser Institute.
  • Hall, J. C., Sobel, R. S. and Crowley, G. R. (2010). Institutions, Capital, and Growth. Southern Economic Journal, 77(2), 385-405.
  • Justesen, M. K. (2008). The Effect of Economic Freedom on Growth Revisited: New Evidence on Causality from a Panel of Countries 1970-1999. European Journal of Political Economy, 24(3), 642-660.
  • Kar, M. and Taban, S. (2014). Kalkınma Ekonomisi. 1. Basım, Ekin Yayınevi: Bursa.
  • King, E. M., Montenegro, C. E. and Orazem, P. F. (2012). Economic Freedom, Human Rights, and the Returns to Human Capital: An Evaluation of the Schultz Hypothesis. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 61(1), 39-72.
  • Maxwell, S. (1999). The Meaning and Measurement of Poverty. ODI Poverty Briefing. London, Overseas Development Institute.
  • Miller, T., Kim, A. B., Roberts, J. M. and Tyrrell, P. (2022). Index of Economic Freedom 2022. The Heritage Foundation, Washington.
  • Murphy, R. H. (2016). Economic Freedom of North America at State Borders. Journal of Institutional Economics, 12(4), 885–893.
  • Nerlova, M. and Balestra, P. (1992). Formulation and Estimation of Econometric Models for Panel Data. In The Econometrics of Panel Data, 3-18.
  • Nikolaev, B. (2014). Economic Freedom and Quality of Life: Evidence from the OECD’s Your Better Life Index. Journal of Private Enterprise, 29(3), 61–96.
  • Nyström, K. (2008). The Institutions of Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Panel Data. Public Choice, 136(3), 269–282.
  • Pérez, H. J. G., Ortega, M.V. and Díaz, M.C.C. (2019). Economic Growth Model in Developing Economies. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1388 012033: 1-6.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Sen, A. (2004). Özgürlükle Kalkınma. (Y. Alogan, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Spruk, R. and Kešeljević, A. (2018). Economic Freedom and Growth Across German Districts. Journal of Institutional Economics, 14(4), 739–765.
  • Stroup, M. D. (2007). Economic Freedom, Democracy, and the Quality of Life. World Development, 35(1), 52–66.
  • Turgut, N. (1997). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmanın Sağlanmasında Katılımın Rolü. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. 52(01), 701-715.
  • Tüzüntürk, S. (2007). Panel Veri Modellerinin Tahmininde Parametre Homojenliğinin Önemi: Geleneksel Phillips Eğrisi Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, C, 21, 2.
  • UNDP. (2014). 2014 Human Development Report. New York: UN Publishing.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2016). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kalkınma Ekonomisi - Makro
Bölüm MAKALELER
Yazarlar

Levent Yülek 0000-0001-8138-7398

Gürçem Özaytürk 0000-0001-5321-9784

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 45

Kaynak Göster

APA Yülek, L., & Özaytürk, G. (2024). DEVELOPMENT-ECONOMIC FREEDOMS INTERACTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF D8 AND G8 COUNTRY GROUPS. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(45), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1340362


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