Yaşlılarda Fiziksel Aktivite ve Egzersiz

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 452 - 459, 28.04.2023

Tarık Özmen , Nurcan Contarlı

Öz

Dünyada ve ülkemizde doğum oranlarında azalma, enfeksiyon hastalıklarının kontrolü, beslenme ve sağlık hizmetlerinde gelişmeler ile yaşam süresi artmaktadır. Yaşlılık, durdurulması mümkün olmayan biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal sorunlar içeren tüm bireylerin yaşayacağı bir süreçtir. Yaşlanma ile vücutta meydana gelen fiziksel ve fizyolojik fonksiyonlarda değişimler, günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde kısıtlılık, ruh sağlığında ve bilişsel işlevlerde bozulmaya neden olmaktadır. Kas ve kemik kütlesinde azalma, vücut yağ yüzdesinde artış, maksimum kalp hızı, kardiyak debi ve maksimal oksijen tüketiminde azalma gibi aktiviteyi kısıtlayıcı faktörler, fiziksel iş kapasitesinde yetersizliğe yol açmaktadır. Yaşlılıkta ortaya çıkan kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, inme, diyabet, osteoporoz, bazı kanser türleri, Alzheimer gibi bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların önlenmesi, bağımsızlığın sürdürülmesi ve yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz kritik öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca yaşlılarda sık görülen ve ciddi yaralanmalara hatta ölüme yol açabilen düşmenin önlenmesinde egzersiz müdahalesi temel bir rol oynamaktadır. Yaşlılarda sağlığın korunması ve geliştirilmesi için aerobik, dirençli, denge ve esneklik çalışmalarını içeren egzersiz programları teşvik edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fiziksel aktivite, Egzersiz, Yaşlılar, Sağlık

Physical Activity and Exercise in Elderly People

Öz

Life expectancy is increasing with the decrease in birth rates, control of infectious diseases, developments in nutrition and health services in the world and in our country. Aging is a process that all individuals will experience, including biological, psychological and social problems that cannot be stopped. Changes in physical and physiological functions that occur in the body with aging cause limitation in activities of daily living, deterioration in mental health and cognitive functions. Activity-restricting factors such as decrease in muscle and bone mass, increase in body fat percentage, decrease in maximum heart rate, cardiac output and maximum oxygen consumption lead to insufficient physical work capacity. Physical activity and exercise are critical in preventing non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, some types of cancer, and Alzheimer's, maintaining independence and improving quality of life in old age. In addition, exercise intervention plays a fundamental role in preventing falls, which are common in the elderly and can lead to serious injuries and even death. Exercise programs including aerobic, resistance, balance and flexibility exercises should be encouraged in order to protect and improve health in the elderly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Physical activity, Exercise, Older people, Health

Kaynakça

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