THE APPROACHES OF GREAT POWERS TO THE SYRIAN CRISIS: INCOMPATIBLE DEMANDS AND CONFLICTING SOLUTIONS

Yıl 2020, , 968 - 999, 22.12.2020

Mehmet Turan Çağlar

https://doi.org/10.47994/usbad.784102

Öz

The Syrian crisis, which started in March 2011 with mass demonstrations, has been affected by the conflicting approaches of the permanent members of the UNSC. The UNSC veto powers have intervened in the crisis in a short time, but their different objectives have prevented any long-term solutions, and their measures have neutralized the others’ measures. Furthermore, conflicting demands of the parties have limited the effectiveness of the UNSC. The USA, France, and the UK considered the source of the Syrian crisis as the policies of the Syrian administration, and they determined the solution as the change of the Syrian administration. On the other hand, Russia and China have seen the source of the crisis as the violence of other actors besides the Syrian administration’s policies and opposed any foreign intervention in the crisis. Although the permanent members’ conflicting approaches have created a kind of balance between the parties, China and Russia's approaches to the crisis has begun to come to the fore after Russia’s direct intervention in the Syrian civil war, the change in the priorities of the USA, Britain, and France in the context of the crisis, and the support of the UNSC to Russia and China’s initiatives in terms of a political solution. In this context, this article will show the effects of the UNSC veto powers on the Syrian crisis. Moreover, their strategies about the crisis and the effects of these strategies on the global organization will be analyzed. For this analysis, the permanent members’ declarations and implemented policies during the Syrian crisis, and the effects of UNSC resolutions on the crisis will be examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Syrian Crisis, International Crisis, United Nations Security Council, USA, Russian Federation

Proje Numarası

112K172

BMGK DAİMİ ÜYELERİNİN SURİYE KRİZİNE YAKLAŞIMI: UYUŞMAYAN TALEPLER VE ÇATIŞAN ÇÖZÜMLER

Öz

Mart 2011’de ülke içerisinde gösterilerle başlayan Suriye krizi, BMGK’nın daimi üyelerinin krize yaklaşımından etkilenmiştir. BM’de veto yetkisine sahip bu devletler, kendi yaklaşımları çerçevesinde krize müdahil olmuş fakat bu aktörlerin farklı hedefleri, krizin çözümünü engellerken hayata geçirdikleri önlemler, birbirlerini etkisizleştirmiştir. Ayrıca tarafların yaklaşımları doğrultusunda devreye soktuğu önlemler, BMGK’nın etkinliğini sınırlandırmıştır. ABD, İngiltere ve Fransa, Suriye krizinin kaynağını Suriye yönetiminin yöntemleri olarak görmüş ve krizin çözümünü Suriye’de yönetimin değişmesi olarak belirlemiştir. Diğer taraftan Rusya ve Çin, krizin kaynağını Suriye yönetiminin yanında ülke içinde şiddet uygulayan diğer aktörler olarak görmüş ve dışarıdan herhangi bir müdahaleye karşı çıkmıştır. Daimi üyelerin krize yaklaşımları taraflar arası bir denge oluştursa da zaman içerisinde ABD, İngiltere ve Fransa'nın kriz bağlamında önceliklerinin değişmesi, Rusya’nın Suriye iç savaşına katılması ve BMGK’nın Rusya ve Çin’in siyasal çözüm önerilerini desteklemesiyle birlikte Suriye krizinin tarafları arasındaki denge bozulmuş ve Çin ve Rusya’nın krize yaklaşımları ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmayla BMGK’nın daimi üyelerinin Suriye krizine etkilerinin neler olduğu gösterilecektir. Ayrıca çalışmada bu aktörlerin hangi stratejileri devreye soktuğu ve bu stratejilerin küresel örgüt üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilecektir. Bu analiz için daimi üyelerin açıklamaları ve hayata geçirdiği siyasalar gösterilip BMGK’da Suriye kriziyle ilgili alınan kararlar ve bu kararların krize etkileri incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suriye krizi, uluslararası kriz, Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi, ABD, Rusya Federasyonu

Proje Numarası

112K172

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