Psychoanalytic Criticism of Kristeva's Abject Notion in Feminist and Queer Aesthetic Formations

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 6, 53 - 74, 01.04.2022

Seda Liman Turan

Öz

This article studies the reflection of Kristeva's notion of disgust on contemporary art practices and the interpretation of these practices within the scope of psychoanalytic criticism. By referring to the theories of Freud, Bataille and Lacan, which form the basis of the notion of disgust, Feminist and Queer aesthetic objects associated with the notion of 'abject' of contemporary art have been analyzed in the context of eroticism, sexuality, sexism, corpse, death, desire, bodily fluids and body wastes. Within the framework of Abject Art in contemporary art practices, the works of artists such as Cindy Sherman, Mona Hatoum, Kiki Smith, Robert Gober, John Miller, Orlan and Robert Mapplethorpe have been evaluated based on the psychoanalytic criticism method. In these works; many phenomena have been encountered that can be associated with the notion of disgust, such as Kristeva's prohibitions and violation of prohibitions, racial and sexual taboos, the mission imposed on the body, the desire to return to the mother's body, the castration crisis and the repetition of the traumatic reality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

feminist, queer, aesthetic, kristeva, abject, psychoanalitic criticism

Feminist ve Queer Estetik Oluşumlarda Kristeva’nın Abject Nosyonu’nun Psikanalitik Eleştirisi

Öz

Makalede, Kristeva’nın iğrenme nosyonunun güncel sanat pratiklerine yansıması ve bu pratiklerin psikanalitik eleştiri kapsamında yorumlanmasına yer verilmiştir. Güncel sanat pratiklerinin ‘abject’ nosyonu ile ilişkilendirilen Feminist ve Queer estetik nesneleri Kristeva’nın iğrenme nosyonunun temelini oluşturan Freud, Bataille ve Lacan’ın teorilerine değinilerek; erotizm, cinsellik, cinsiyetçilik, ceset, ölüm, arzu, beden sıvıları ve beden atıkları bağlamında incelenmiştir. Güncel sanat pratiklerinde Abject Art kapsamında Cindy Sherman, Mona Hatoum, Kiki Smith, Robert Gober, John Miller, Orlan ve Robert Mapplethorpe gibi sanatçıların eserleri psikanalitik eleştiri yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu eserlerde; Kristeva’nın yasaklar ve yasakların ihlali, ırksal ve cinsel tabular, bedene yüklenen misyon, anne bedenine geri dönme arzusu, hadım krizi ve travmatik gerçeğin tekrarı gibi iğrenme nosyonu ile ilişkilendirilebilecek pek çok olguya rastlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

feminist, queer, estetik, kristeva, abject, psikanalitik eleştiri

Kaynakça

• Barret, T. (2015). Neden Bu Sanat? Çağdaş Sanatta Estetik ve Eleştiri. (Çev. Esra Erment). İstanbul: Hayalperest Yayınları.
• Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London: Routledge.
• Clifford, D. (1995). The Abject: Kristeva and the Antigone. Journal Paroles gelées, 13 (1 ) DOI: 10.5070/PG7131003019
• Dubin. S. C. (1992). Arresting Images. Impolitic Art and Uncivil Actions. London/New York: Routledge.
• Gutiérrez-Albilla., & Julián D. (2008). Abjection And The Politics Of Feminist And Queer Subjectivities İn Contemporary Art. Angelaki: Journal of Theoretical Humanities. 13: 1, pp. 65-84. DOI: 10.1080/09697250802156075 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09697250802156075
• Hopkins, D. (2018). Modern Sanattan Sonra. Çev: Firdevs Candil Erdoğan. İstanbul: Hayalperest Yayınları.
• Krauss, R. (1999). ‘The Destiny of the Informe’, pp. 234–52 in Y.-A. Bois and R. E. Krauss Formless: A User’s Guide. New York: Zone Books.
• Kristeva J. (1982). Powers and Horror. An Essay on Abjection. (Trans: Roudiez L. S.). New York: Columbia University Press.
• Martínez, A. Arévalo, L. N. Gomariz, T. M. & Suzzi, G. S. (2021). The Queer Potential Of The Abject. The Agency Of Matter And Radical Negativity İn Mona Hatoum’s Corps Étranger. Whatever. A Transdisciplinary Journal of Queer Theories and Studies. 4: 487-510. DOI: 10.13131/2611-657X.whatever.v4i1.85
• Menninghaus, W. (2003). Disgust: Theory and History of a Strong Sensation. Howard Eiland and Joel Golb State Universty of New York Press: Albany.
• Mulvey, L. (1991). A Phantasmagoria Of The Female Body: The Work Of Cindy Sherman. New Left Review. No. 188 pp. 137-150. https://newleftreview.org/issues/i188/articles/laura-mulvey-aphantasmagoria-of-the-female-body-the-work-of-cindy-sherman on 11.12.2021.
• Phillips, R. (2014). Abjection. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly. Vol. 1, No: 1–2. Duke University Press. http://read.dukeupress.edu/tsq/article-pdf/1/1-2/19/485579/19. pdf on 03.11.2021
• Runyon, R. (2013). Encounters with the Abject: Kiki Smith’s Vulnerable Bodies. Spaces Between: An Undergraduate Feminist Journal. Vol. 1. No. 1. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/spacesbetween/index.php/spacesbetween/article/view/19479
• Steihaug, J-O. (1998). Abject/ Informe/ Trauma Discourses on the Body in American Art of the Nineties. For Art. https://forart.no/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/01/Jon_Ove_Steihaug.pdf on 24.01.2022
• Taylor, S. (1993). The Phobic Object. Abject Art. In Abject Art: Repulsion and Desire in American Art, pp. 59–84. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art.
• Tyler, I. (2009). Against abjection. Feminist Theory. DOI: 10.1177/1464700108100393