The Most Comprehensive Cold Chain Application in History: Challenges in Logistics of Covid 19 Vaccine

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 12, 155 - 204, 29.06.2021

Veli Ahmet Çevik

Öz

The coronavirus pandemic, one of the biggest pandemics of the last century, which emerged in Wuhan, China in the last months of 2019, continues to negatively affect life all over the world. The measures taken for the pandemic did not stop the spread of the disease and revealed medical requirements. Vaccines have been one of the most effective medical ways of preventing diseases. Vaccination studies for coronavirus disease started shortly after the emergence of the disease, and more than a hundred vaccine candidates were announced in about a year, and the distribution of those who passed the necessary stages was approved. However, the storage, transportation and distribution of some of these vaccines required very low temperatures below zero degrees, unlike the previous ones. The distribution and delivery of vaccines under these conditions has revealed the importance of cold chain logistics applications infrastructure. In this study, based on the priority issues of the World Health Organization in the logistics of vaccines, potential difficulties that will arise in the production, allocation and distribution processes of coronavirus vaccines were investigated. Secondary data previously revealed through primary research, guidelines of the World Health Organization and sector reports constituted the data source of the study. It has been revealed that the lack of cold chain infrastructure in storage and distribution activities, the limitations of dry ice transport in the aviation sector and the anti-vaccination movement are the biggest challenges of vaccination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coronavirus, Cold Chain, Vaccine Logistics, Vaccine Supply Chain

Tarihin En Kapsamlı Soğuk Zincir Uygulaması: Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Aşısının Lojistiğinde Karşılaşılan Zorluklar

Öz

Çin’in Wuhan kentinde 2019 yılının son aylarında ortaya çıkan son yüzyılın en büyük salgınlarından biri olan Koronavirüs salgını tüm dünyada yaşamı olumsuz etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Salgın için alınan tedbirler hastalığın yayılımını durdurmamış ve tıbbi gereksinimleri ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hastalıklardan korunmanın en etkili tıbbi yollarından birisi aşılar olmuştur. Koronavirüs hastalığına yönelik aşı çalışmaları, hastalığın ortaya çıkışından kısa bir süre sonra başlamış yaklaşık bir yıllık süre içerisinde yüzden fazla aşı adayı duyurulmuş, gerekli aşamaları geçenlerin dağıtımına onay verilmiştir. Ancak bu aşılardan bazılarının saklanması, taşınması ve dağıtımı için daha öncekilerden farklı olarak sıfır derecenin altında oldukça düşük sıcaklıklara gerek duyulmuştur. Aşıların bu koşullarda dağıtımı ve teslimi soğuk zincir lojistik uygulamaları altyapısının önemini ortaya çıkartmıştır. Bu çalışmada Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün aşıların lojistiğindeki öncelikli konuları temel alınarak, Koronavirüs aşılarının üretimi, tahsisi ve dağıtım süreçlerinde ortaya çıkacak olan potansiyel zorluklar araştırılmıştır. Daha önce birincil araştırmalarla ortaya çıkarılmış ikincil veriler, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün yönergeleri ve sektör raporları çalışmanın veri kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Aşıların üretiminden başlayarak hastalara uygulanması sürecine kadar olan, saklama ve dağıtım faaliyetlerinde soğuk zincir altyapısının eksikliği, havacılık sektöründe kuru buz ile taşınma sınırlılıkları ve aşı karşıtlığının aşılama faaliyetlerinin önünde duran en büyük zorluklar olduğu ortaya çıkartılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koronavirüs, Soğuk Zincir, Aşı Lojistiği, Aşı Tedarik Zinciri

Kaynakça

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