Küresel İklim Krizine Karşı Sürdürülebilir Bir Maliye Politikası: Yeşil Maliye Politikası- Seçilmiş Ülkelerin Politika Göstergelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 59 - 69, 28.03.2024

Melih Kabayel

Öz

Sürdürülebilir bir maliye politikası olarak yeşil maliye politikaları, küresel iklim krizinin hızlanması ve etkilerinin sona ermesi nedeniyle hükümetlerin kullanabileceği en önemli kamu politikası araçlarıdır. Çünkü yeşil maliye politikası araçlarıyla hükümetler sosyal, ekonomik ve mali etkileri nasıl yönlendireceklerini biliyorlar. Ancak yeşil maliye politikalarının uygulanmasına ilişkin bazı disiplinler arası durumlar söz konusudur. Bu durumlar sorunları ve çözümlerini içerir. Ancak sorunların çözümü pratikte zor olabilir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, küresel iklim krizinin çözümüne ilişkin, sorunların çözümüne yönelik mali yaklaşımın politika göstergeleri bağlamda seçilmiş ülkelerle karşılaştırılmasını sunarak ve maliye politikalarının uygulanmasına ilişkin öngörü ve çıkarımlarda bulunarak, disiplinler arası bir anlayışla sorunların çözülmesinin önündeki engelleri ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

fiscal policy, budget, enviromental taxes, green spending, green fiscal policy, green transformation, sustaintability

A Sustainable Fiscal Policy Against the Global Climate Crisis: Green Fiscal Policy - Comparison of Policy Indicators of Selected Countries

Öz

Green fiscal policies as a sustainable fiscal policy are the most important public policy tools available to governments due to the acceleration of the global climate crisis and the finalization of its effects. Because with green fiscal policy tools, governments know how to direct social, economic and fiscal impacts. However, there are some interdisciplinary situations regarding the implementation of green fiscal policies. These situations include problems and solutions. However, the solution to the problems may be difficult in practice. In this context, this study tries to reveal the obstacles to solving the global climate crisis with an interdisciplinary approach by presenting a comparison of the fiscal approach to solving the problems in the context of policy indicators with selected countries and making predictions and inferences regarding the implementation of fiscal policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

fiscal policy, budget, enviromental taxes, green spending, green fiscal policy, green transformation, sustaintability

Kaynakça

• Açıkgöz, B., & Kabayel, M. (2019). Kamusal Mallar Teorisi ve Küresel Kamusal Mallar Bağlamında Ortakların Trajedisi: Ortak Kıta Antarktika için Politika Önerisi. In M. Kırlı & S. Aybarç (Eds.), Vergi ve Kamu Harcamaları Ekseninde Güncel Araştırmalar (1st ed.). Detay Yayıncılık. https://scholar.google.com.tr/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=tr&user=Bis3zDUAAAAJ&citation_for_view=Bis3zDUAAAAJ:W7OEmFMy1HYC
• Aktaş, E. E. (2023). Green Budgetıng And Long-Term Fıscal Sustaınabılıty. In Ş. A. Koç & A. Çevik (Eds.), Sustaınabılıty, Economıcs & Hıstory (pp. 32–49). IJOPEC.
• Atalla, G., Mills, M., & McQueen, J. (2022). Six ways that governments can drive the green transition | EY - Global. EY. https://www.ey.com/en_gl/government-public-sector/six-ways-that-governments-can-drive-the-green-transition
• Avcı, O. (2023). Green Buıldıng Tax Incentıves: Selected Country Cases And Implıcatıons For Türkiye. In Ş. A. Koç & A. Çevik (Eds.), Sustaınabılıty, Economıcs & Hıstory (pp. 72–94). IJOPEC. www.ijopec.co.uk
• Avgousti, A., Caprioli, F., Caracciolo, G., Cochard, M., Dallari, P., Delgado-Téllez, M., Domingues, J., Ferdinandusse, M., Filip, D., Nerlich, C., Prammer, D., Schmidt, K., & Theofilakou, A. (2023). The climate change challenge and fiscal instruments and policies in the EU (315; Occasional Paper Series). https://doi.org/10.2866/850581
• Benzie, M., Persson, Å., Org, M. B., Benzie, M., & Persson, Å. (2019). Governing borderless climate risks: moving beyond the territorial framing of adaptation Abbreviations COP Conference of the Parties GPG Global public good IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IR International Relations IVA Impacts, vulnerability, adaptation NAP National Adaptation Plans NAPA National Adaptation Programmes of Action NAS National adaptation strategies NC National Communication RBO River basin organization UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 19, 369–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-019-09441-y
• Bernstein, S., & Cashore, B. (2012). Complex global governance and domestic policies: four pathways of influence. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 88(3), 585–604. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23255552
• Coelho, M., Ratnoo, V., & Dellepiane, S. (1991). Political Economy of Policy Failure and Institutional Reform A review of the academic literature Vigyan Ratnoo. https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/Political%20Economy%20-%20A%20Review%20of%20the%20Literature%2012012015%20Final.pdf
• Crerar, P., Harvey, F., & Stacey, K. (2023, September 20). Rishi Sunak announces U-turn on key green targets | Green politics | The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/20/rishi-sunak-confirms-rollback-of-key-green-targets
• European Commission. (2024). Green budgeting in the EU . https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/economic-and-fiscal-governance/green-budgeting-eu_en
• Furceri, D., Gansimeier, M., & Ostry, J. (2024, January 25). Climate policies carry political costs, but those costs can be mitigated. Bruegel. https://www.bruegel.org/analysis/climate-policies-carry-political-costs-those-costs-can-be-mitigated
• Furceri, D., Ganslmeier, M., & Ostry, J. (2023). Are climate change policies politically costly? Energy Policy, 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENPOL.2023.113575
• Gaspar, V., Mauro, P., & Pattillo, C. (2019, October 8). Fiscal Policies to Curb Climate Change. IMF Blog. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2019/10/10/fiscal-policies-to-curb-climate-change
• GFPN. (2024a). Countries | Green Fiscal Policy Network. Green Fiscal Policy Network. https://greenfiscalpolicy.org/countries/
• GFPN. (2024b). Observatory | Green Fiscal Policy Network. Green Fiscal Policy Network. https://greenfiscalpolicy.org/observatory/
• Ghosh, A. (2022). İklim Değişikliği ve Hiç Düşünülmeyenler: Büyük Kaos (İ. Uzunhasanoğlu, Ed.). Timaş. Gramkow, C. (2020). Green fiscal policies An armoury of instruments to recover growth sustainably (Studıes And Perspectıves 5). www.cepal.org/apps
• Greve, J. E. (2023, March 20). Progressives decry Biden’s pivot to center in run-up to 2024: ‘Feet to the fire’ | Joe Biden | The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/30/biden-2024-policies-climate-oil-campaign-pledges
• Horton, M., & El-Ganainy, A. (2024). Fiscal Policy: Taking and Giving Away. Finance And Development. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/Series/Back-to-Basics/Fiscal-Policy
• IPCC. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, the Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report | UNEP - UN Environment Programme. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844
• Kabayel, M. (2023). Küresel İklim Krizi’nde Çevresel Vergiler ile Diğer Politika Araçları Arasındaki İlişki (p. https://www.nobelyayin.com/kitap_20348.html).
• Kabayel, M., & Kabayel, E. (2023a). Green Climate Fund Application In The Struggle Against Global Climate Crisis. Vi. International Congress On Critical Debates In Social Sciences, 117–127.
• Kabayel, M., & Kabayel, E. (2023b). Green Fiscal Policies in Sustainability of Green Economy. In E. Özen (Ed.), II. International Applied Social Sciences Congress - (C-IASOS – 2023) Valletta –Malta, 13-15 November 2023 (pp. 111–121). Economic and Financial Research Association. https://efad.org.tr/en/
• Kessier, R. (2023, December 7). “As Trump hovers, Biden’s green dreams are fading with his popularity” | Recharge. https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/as-trump-hovers-bidens-green-dreams-are-fading-with-his-popularity/2-1-1550377
• Kete, H. (2022). Green Budgeting: France and Italy Practices. Uluslararası Sosyal Siyasal ve Mali Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 102–115.
• Lohmann, S. (1998). An Information Rationale for the Power of Special Interests. The American Political Science Review, 92(4), 809–827. https://doi.org/10.2307/2586305
• ND-GAIN. (2023). Country Index // Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative // University of Notre Dame. https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/
• Neumayer, E., & Barthel, F. (2012). The Political Economy of Natural Disaster Damage. http://personal.lse.ac.uk/neumayer.1
• O’callaghan, B. J., & Murdock, E. (2021). Are We Building Back Better? UNEP.
• OECD. (2018). Effective Carbon Rates 2018 (OECD Series on Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation). OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264305304-en
• Paglia, E. (2017). The Socio-scientific Construction of Global Climate Crisis. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/14650045.2017.1328407, 23(1), 96–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2017.1328407
• Perkins, K. M., Munguia, N., Ellenbecker, M., Moure-Eraso, R., & Velazquez, L. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic lessons to facilitate future engagement in the global climate crisis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 125178. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2020.125178
• Ploeg, R. V. Der. (2024). Climate Change And Green Paradoxes| Department of Economics, Oxford University. https://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/climate-change-and-green-paradoxes
• Rezai, A., Foley, D. K., & Taylor, L. (2012a). Global warming and economic externalities. Economic Theory, 49(2), 329–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-010-0592-4
• Rezai, A., Foley, D., & Taylor, L. (2012b). Global Warming as a Public Bad. Economic Theory, 49, 329–351. Sakal, M., & Karadeniz, M. (2019). Devlet Bütçesi ve Yerel Yönetimler Maliyesi (1st ed.). Savaş Yayınevi.
• Schubert, K., Pommeret, A., & Ricci, F. (2023). Confronting the carbon pricing gap: Second best climate policy (13). https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04075395
• Seren, G. Y. (2019). Solid waste management in the context of public policies and private sector participation: Thoughts on the Need of a Comprehensive Approach. In U. Akkucuk (Ed.), Ethical and Sustainable Supply Chain Management in a Global Context. IGI Global.
• Shuo, L. (2023, October 28). How 2024 Will Be a Watershed Climate Moment for China | TIME. https://time.com/6549772/china-climate-2024/
• The Economist. (2021, October 30). Australia’s climate policy is all talk and no trousers. The Economist Journals. https://www.economist.com/asia/2021/10/30/australias-climate-policy-is-all-talk-and-no-trousers?utm_medium=cpc.adword.pd&utm_source=google&ppccampaignID=18151738051&ppcadID=&utm_campaign=a.22brand_pmax&utm_content=conversion.direct-response.anonymous&gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIkun9koqFhAMVw0tBAh1WtAumEAAYASAAEgIl5_D_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds
• Udrea, R. (2023). The Paradox of Climate Change Migration. Perspective Politice. 16(2), 138. https://doi.org/10.25019/perspol/23.16.9
• UN. (2023). What Is Climate Change? | United Nations. Climate Action. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change
• UNDP. (2021). A Guide to Carbon Pricing and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform. In UNDP Publications. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2021-10/UNDP-A-Guide-to-Carbon-Pricing-and-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidy-Reform.pdf
• UNEP. (2024). Green Economy . UNEP - UN Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/regions/asia-and-pacific/regional-initiatives/supporting-resource-efficiency/green-economy
• van der Ploeg, F. (Rick), & Withagen, C. (2015). Global Warming and the Green Paradox: A Review of Adverse Effects of Climate Policies. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 9(2), 285–303. https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:oup:renvpo:v:9:y:2015:i:2:p:285-303.
• Waldman, S. (2024, January 29). Biden courts angry climate voters. Will it work? - POLITICO. https://www.politico.com/newsletters/power-switch/2024/01/29/biden-courts-angry-climate-voters-will-it-work-00138323
• Westcott, B., & Shankleman, J. (2022, May 22). What Comes Next After Australia’s Decisive Climate Election - Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-22/what-comes-next-after-australia-s-decisive-climate-election
• Weston, D. (2014). The Political Economy of Global Warming: The Terminal Crisis. In Routledge (1st ed.). Routledge. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=qORXAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=negative+effect+of+political+economy+on+global+climate+crisis&ots=HMzCAfwkJ5&sig=I9f34ulfr2OGUv2DyN72exw5RCQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=negative%20effect%20of%20political%20economy%20on%20global%20climate%20crisis&f=false