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EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİNE ETKİSİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 19 - 37, 31.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.30711/utead.342589

Öz

Bu çalışma ülkelerin ekonomik olarak
gerçekleştirmek istediği daha fazla büyüme veya gelişmenin çevre faktörüne
etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada gerek stratejik gerek tarihi
gerekse de doğal kaynaklar anlamında dünyanın önde gelen coğrafi bölgelerinden
biri olan ve Türkiye ile 8 sınır komşusunun yer aldığı ülkeler çalışmanın
coğrafi sınırlarını oluşturmuştur. Bölgede özellikle Suriye, İran ve Irak gibi
ülkelerin yaşadığı iç savaşlar ve devamında meydana gelen olaylar veri setini
2000-2013 yılları arasında seçme zorunluluğunu doğurmuştur. Bağımlı değişken
olarak kişi başı CO2 emisyonu, bağımsız değişkenler olarak ise kişi başı GSYH
ve kişi başı enerji tüketimi alınmıştır. Çalışmada panel veri yöntemi ile bahse
konu ülkelerde ve ilgili yıllarda Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (ÇKE) yaklaşımının
geçerli olup olmadığı ve enerji tüketimi ile çevre kirliliği arasında bir
ilişkinin olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucu söz konusu ülkelerde ÇKE
yaklaşımının geçerli olduğu ve enerji tüketimi ile CO2 emisyonu arasında uzun dönemde
pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu saptanmıştır.


Kaynakça

  • Agras, J. (1995). Environment and Development: An Economic Analysis of Pollution, Growth and Trade. Unpublished Master Thesis, ABD: Cornell University.
  • Andreoni J., Levinson A. (2001). The Simple Analytics Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve. Journal of Public Economics,80, ss.269–286.
  • Ang J. B. (2007). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, And Output İn France. EnergyPolicy,35, ss.4772–4778.
  • Arı, A., Zeren, F. (2011). CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18(2), ss.37-47.
  • Aydın, F. F. (2010). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35, ss.317-340.
  • Breitung, J. (2000). The Local Power of SomeUnit Root Tests for Panel Data. Advances in Econometrics, 15, ss. 161-178.
  • Cole, M.A. (2003). Development, Trade, And The Environment: How Robust İs The Environmental Kuznets Curve? Environment and Development Economics,8, ss.557-580.
  • Dam, M. M., Karakaya, E. Ve Bulut, Ş. (2013). Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Türkiye: Ampirik Bir Analiz. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi EYİ 2013 Özel Sayısı, ss.85-95.
  • Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey. Ecological Economics,49, ss.431– 455.
  • Ergün, S., Polat Atay, M. (2015). OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 45, ss.115-141.
  • Gündüz, H. İ. (2014).Çevre Kirliliği İle Gelir Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi Ve Hata Düzeltme Modeli. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi,36(1), ss.409-423.
  • Güriş, S., Tuna, E. (2011). Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Geçerliliğinin Panel Veri Modelleriyle Analizi. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), ss.173-190.
  • Haggar-Hamit, M. (2012). Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Consumption And Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration Analysis From Canadian İndustrial Sector Perspective. Energy Economics, 34, ss.358–364.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2009). An Econometric study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, İncome And Foreign Trade İn Turkey. Energy Policy, 37, ss.1156–1164.
  • Harb, N. (2003). Money demandfuction: a heterogeneous panel application. United Arap Emirates University Working Paper, 3(4-1) ss.1-32.
  • Herranz, A. A., Lorente, D. B. (2016). Economic Growth And Energy Regulation İn The Environmental Kuznets Curve. Environ Sci Pollut Res., 23, ss.16478–16494.
  • Hettige, H., Mani M. ve Wheeler D. (2000). Industrial Pollution İn Economic Development: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisited. Journal of Development Economics, 62, ss.445–476.
  • Holtz-Eakin, D.,Selden, T. M. (1992). Starking the Firesi? CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth. Natıonal Bureau Of Economic Research, Working Paper No: 4248.
  • Im, K. S., Peseran, M. H.ve Shin, Y. (2003). Testing For UnitRoots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), ss. 53-74.
  • Jalil A., Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets Curve For CO2 Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis For China. EnergyPolicy, 37, ss.5167–5172.
  • Jebli, B. M., Youssef, B.S. (2015).The Environmental Kuznets Curve, Economic Growth, Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy, And Trade İn Tunisia. Renewable and SustainableEnergy,Reviews47, ss.173–185.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Co-integration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 90, ss. 1-44.
  • Karaca, C. (2012). Ekonomik Kalkınma Ve Çevre Kirliliği İlişkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(3), ss.139-156.
  • Levin, A., Lin C. ve Chu C. J. (2002). UnitRoot Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108, ss. 1–24.
  • Maddala, G.S., Wu, S. (1999). A Comparative Study of UnitRoot Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 62, ss. 631-652.
  • Nazlıoğlu, Ş., Soytaş, U. (2012). OilPrice, Agricultural Commodity Prices, And The Dollar: A Panel Cointegration And Causality Analysis. Energy Economics, 34, ss.1098-1104.
  • Niu, S. vd. (2011).Economic Growth, Energy Conservation And Emissions Reduction: A Comparative Analysis Based On Panel Data For 8 Asian-Pacific Countries. EnergyPolicy,39,ss. 2121–2131.
  • Omri, A. (2013). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption And Economic Growth Nexus inMENA Countries: Evidence From Simultaneous EquationsModels. Energy Economics, 40, ss.657–664.
  • Özokçu, S., Özdemir, Ö. (2017). Economic Growth, Energy, And Environmental Kuznets Curve. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72,ss.639–647.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Crıtıcal Values For Coıntegratıon Tests In Heterogeneous Panels With Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, ss.644-670.
  • Saatçi, M., Dumrul, Y. (2011).Çevre Kirliliği Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Türk Ekonomisi İçin Yapısal Kırılmalı Eş-Bütünleşme Yöntemiyle Tahmini. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi,37, ss.65-86.
  • Sebri, M., Ben-Selha, O. (2014). On The Causal Dynamics Between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions And Trade Openness: Fresh Evidence From BRICS Countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, ss.14–23.
  • Selden, T. M., Song, D. (1994). Environmental Quality and Development: Is There a Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 27(2), ss.147-162.
  • Shafik, N., Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992), Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Time Series and Cross-Country Evidence. BackgroundPaper for World Development Report, Washington: The World Bank Publications.
  • Suri, V.,Chapman, D. (1998). Economic Growth, Trade and Energy: Implications for the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Ecological Economics, 25, ss.195-208.
  • Tiwari, A. K. (2011).Primary Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth: Evidence from India. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 6(2), ss.99-117.
  • Wang, S.S.,Zhou,D.Q., Zhou,P. ve Wang, Q.W. (2011). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in China: A Panel Data Analysis. EnergyPolicy, 39, ss. 4870-4875.

THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 19 - 37, 31.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.30711/utead.342589

Öz

This study aims to examine the effects of further growth or development on the environmental factor that countries want to realize economically. In the study one of the leading geographical regions of the world in terms of both strategic and historical as well as natural resources, has formed the geographical borders of the countries where Turkey and the 8 border countries are located.In the region, especially in countries such as Syria, Iran and Iraq, the internal wars and events that occurred in the continuation has led to the necessity of the data set between 2000-2013. emissions per capita as dependent variable, per capita GDP and per capita energy consumption as independent variables.In the study, panel data were used to examine whether the approach of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the mentioned countries and the related years was valid and whether there was an association between energy consumption and environmental pollution.The analysis concluded that the EKC approach is valid in the countries concerned and that there is a long-term positive correlation between energy consumption and  emissions.

Kaynakça

  • Agras, J. (1995). Environment and Development: An Economic Analysis of Pollution, Growth and Trade. Unpublished Master Thesis, ABD: Cornell University.
  • Andreoni J., Levinson A. (2001). The Simple Analytics Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve. Journal of Public Economics,80, ss.269–286.
  • Ang J. B. (2007). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, And Output İn France. EnergyPolicy,35, ss.4772–4778.
  • Arı, A., Zeren, F. (2011). CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18(2), ss.37-47.
  • Aydın, F. F. (2010). Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35, ss.317-340.
  • Breitung, J. (2000). The Local Power of SomeUnit Root Tests for Panel Data. Advances in Econometrics, 15, ss. 161-178.
  • Cole, M.A. (2003). Development, Trade, And The Environment: How Robust İs The Environmental Kuznets Curve? Environment and Development Economics,8, ss.557-580.
  • Dam, M. M., Karakaya, E. Ve Bulut, Ş. (2013). Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Türkiye: Ampirik Bir Analiz. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi EYİ 2013 Özel Sayısı, ss.85-95.
  • Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey. Ecological Economics,49, ss.431– 455.
  • Ergün, S., Polat Atay, M. (2015). OECD Ülkelerinde CO2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 45, ss.115-141.
  • Gündüz, H. İ. (2014).Çevre Kirliliği İle Gelir Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi Ve Hata Düzeltme Modeli. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi,36(1), ss.409-423.
  • Güriş, S., Tuna, E. (2011). Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Geçerliliğinin Panel Veri Modelleriyle Analizi. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), ss.173-190.
  • Haggar-Hamit, M. (2012). Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Energy Consumption And Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration Analysis From Canadian İndustrial Sector Perspective. Energy Economics, 34, ss.358–364.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2009). An Econometric study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, İncome And Foreign Trade İn Turkey. Energy Policy, 37, ss.1156–1164.
  • Harb, N. (2003). Money demandfuction: a heterogeneous panel application. United Arap Emirates University Working Paper, 3(4-1) ss.1-32.
  • Herranz, A. A., Lorente, D. B. (2016). Economic Growth And Energy Regulation İn The Environmental Kuznets Curve. Environ Sci Pollut Res., 23, ss.16478–16494.
  • Hettige, H., Mani M. ve Wheeler D. (2000). Industrial Pollution İn Economic Development: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisited. Journal of Development Economics, 62, ss.445–476.
  • Holtz-Eakin, D.,Selden, T. M. (1992). Starking the Firesi? CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth. Natıonal Bureau Of Economic Research, Working Paper No: 4248.
  • Im, K. S., Peseran, M. H.ve Shin, Y. (2003). Testing For UnitRoots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), ss. 53-74.
  • Jalil A., Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets Curve For CO2 Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis For China. EnergyPolicy, 37, ss.5167–5172.
  • Jebli, B. M., Youssef, B.S. (2015).The Environmental Kuznets Curve, Economic Growth, Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy, And Trade İn Tunisia. Renewable and SustainableEnergy,Reviews47, ss.173–185.
  • Kao, C. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Co-integration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 90, ss. 1-44.
  • Karaca, C. (2012). Ekonomik Kalkınma Ve Çevre Kirliliği İlişkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(3), ss.139-156.
  • Levin, A., Lin C. ve Chu C. J. (2002). UnitRoot Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108, ss. 1–24.
  • Maddala, G.S., Wu, S. (1999). A Comparative Study of UnitRoot Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 62, ss. 631-652.
  • Nazlıoğlu, Ş., Soytaş, U. (2012). OilPrice, Agricultural Commodity Prices, And The Dollar: A Panel Cointegration And Causality Analysis. Energy Economics, 34, ss.1098-1104.
  • Niu, S. vd. (2011).Economic Growth, Energy Conservation And Emissions Reduction: A Comparative Analysis Based On Panel Data For 8 Asian-Pacific Countries. EnergyPolicy,39,ss. 2121–2131.
  • Omri, A. (2013). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption And Economic Growth Nexus inMENA Countries: Evidence From Simultaneous EquationsModels. Energy Economics, 40, ss.657–664.
  • Özokçu, S., Özdemir, Ö. (2017). Economic Growth, Energy, And Environmental Kuznets Curve. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72,ss.639–647.
  • Pedroni, P. (1999). Crıtıcal Values For Coıntegratıon Tests In Heterogeneous Panels With Multiple Regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, ss.644-670.
  • Saatçi, M., Dumrul, Y. (2011).Çevre Kirliliği Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Türk Ekonomisi İçin Yapısal Kırılmalı Eş-Bütünleşme Yöntemiyle Tahmini. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi,37, ss.65-86.
  • Sebri, M., Ben-Selha, O. (2014). On The Causal Dynamics Between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions And Trade Openness: Fresh Evidence From BRICS Countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, ss.14–23.
  • Selden, T. M., Song, D. (1994). Environmental Quality and Development: Is There a Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 27(2), ss.147-162.
  • Shafik, N., Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992), Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Time Series and Cross-Country Evidence. BackgroundPaper for World Development Report, Washington: The World Bank Publications.
  • Suri, V.,Chapman, D. (1998). Economic Growth, Trade and Energy: Implications for the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Ecological Economics, 25, ss.195-208.
  • Tiwari, A. K. (2011).Primary Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth: Evidence from India. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 6(2), ss.99-117.
  • Wang, S.S.,Zhou,D.Q., Zhou,P. ve Wang, Q.W. (2011). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in China: A Panel Data Analysis. EnergyPolicy, 39, ss. 4870-4875.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökçen Sayar Özkan Bu kişi benim

Muhyettin Erdemli

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sayar Özkan, G., & Erdemli, M. (2017). EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİNE ETKİSİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Uluslararası Ticaret Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 19-37. https://doi.org/10.30711/utead.342589