ARITMA ÇAMURLARININ TARIMSAL AMAÇLI KULLANIMI:TOPRAKTAKİ AZOT PROSESLERİNDE MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞİMLER

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 337 - 354, 30.08.2019

Esra Demir , Fatma Olcay Topaç

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.544925

Öz

Atıksu arıtma tesislerinin işletilmesi sırasında bir yan ürün olarak
açığa çıkan arıtma çamurlarının uygun arıtma proseslerinden geçirilerek insan
sağlığı ve çevreye herhangi bir olumsuz etkisi olmaksızın bertaraf edilmeleri
gerekmektedir. Uygun özelliğe sahip arıtma çamurlarının tarımsal amaçlı
kullanılması tarımsal üretimde verimliliği arttıran bir bertaraf yöntemidir. Bu
çalışmada süt endüstrisi atıksu arıtma tesisinden temin edilen ve yaklaşık %6
oranında katı madde içeren çürütülmüş çamur örneğinin topraktaki azot
prosesleri açısından tarımsal amaçlı kullanım potansiyelinin tespit edilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 50 ton/ha, 100 ton/ha ve 200 ton/ha dozlarında
çürütülmüş çamur uygulanan toprak örnekleri 45 gün boyunca 28°C’de karanlıkta
inkübe edilmiştir. Belirli periyotlarla alınan toprak örneklerinde toplam azot,
amonyum azotu, nitrat azotu konsantrasyonları ile birlikte toprak kalitesini
belirlemede yaygın olarak kullanılan üreaz aktivitesi, arginin amonifikasyon
hızı ve nitrifikasyon potansiyeli değerleri takip edilmiştir. Elde edilen
veriler çürütülmüş çamur dozunun artması ile birlikte toprak örneklerinin
toplam azot, amonyum azotu ve nitrat azotu konsantrasyonlarının arttığını
göstermiştir. Ayrıca üreaz aktivitesi, arginin amonifikasyon hızı ve
nitrifikasyon potansiyeli değerlerinin benzer bir eğilimde olduğu
belirlenmiştir.  Farklı dozlarda
çürütülmüş çamur uygulanan toprak örneklerinde amonifikasyon prosesinin
nitrifikasyon prosesine göre daha baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Süt ürünleri
endüstrisinden temin edilen ve yaklaşık %6 oranında katı madde içeren
çürütülmüş çamurun Mekanik Ayırma, Biyokurutma ve Biyometanizasyon Tesisleri
ile Fermente Ürün Yönetimi Tebliği’ndeki diğer şartları yerine getirmek kaydı
ile azot prosesleri bakımından tarımsal verimliliği arttırmak için kullanılan
azotlu gübrelere alternatif olarak değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arıtma Çamuru, Toprak, Nitrifikasyon, Amonifikasyon, Üreaz Aktivitesi

Agricultural Use of Sewage Sludge: Variations of Nitrogen Processes in Soil

Öz

Sewage sludge which is produced as a byproduct during the operation of
wastewater treatment plants must be properly treated and disposed of in order
to  eliminate any negative effects on
human health and environment. Use of sludges with suitable characteristics for
agricultural purposes is a method of disposal that increases productivity in
agricultural production. In this study, it is aimed to determine the potential
of agricultural use of digested sludge samples containing approximately 6%
solids obtained from the wastewater treatment plant of a dairy industry in
terms of nitrogen processes in the soil. In this direction, soil samples were applied
with digested sludge at doses of 50 ton/ha, 100 ton/ha and 200 ton/ha and then
the mixtures were incubated in the dark at 28 °C for 45 days. Total nitrogen,
ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations together with urease
activity, arginine amonification rate and nitrification potential values which
are commonly used in determination of soil quality were determined in soil
samples taken at certain periods of incubation period. The obtained data
apparently showed that the total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate
nitrogen concentrations of the soil samples increased with the increment of application
dose of digested sludge. It was also determined that the urease activity,
arginine amonification rate and nitrification potential values have a similar
tendency of increment. It was reported that the ammonification process is more
dominant than the nitrification process in soil samples treated with different
doses of digested sludge. The overall results indicated that the digested
sludge containing approximately 6% solids obtained from dairy products industry
can be considered as an alternative to the nitrogen fertilizers which increases
 the agricultural productivity in terms
of nitrogen processes, provided that they meet other requirements in the
Mechanical Separation, Biofuels and Biomethanization Plants and the Fermented
Product Management Communique.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ammonification, Nitrification, Sewage Sludge, Soil, Urease Activity

Kaynakça

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