Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 523 - 548, 31.12.2019

Tuğba Sarı , Bülent Mertoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.502482

Öz

The nitrogen element, which constitutes 75.5% by weight and 78.06% by volume of the Earth's
atmosphere, participates in the structure of many important biomolecules such as ATP, chlorophyll,
nucleic acids and vitamins. However, this element found as a form of dinitrogen gas (N2) is not suitable
form to use for living organisms, especially primary producers. Therefore, the nitrogen cycle is one of the
most important biological processes that ensure the continuity of life. At the end of the 1990’s, findings
on the nitrogen cycle were updated along with the discovery of anammox bacteria, and anammox
applications have now become an alternative technology to conventional nitrification/denitrification
processes used in wastewater treatment plants. This process can be explained as a conversion of
ammonium into the dinitrogen gas in anoxic environment by anamox bacteria using nitrite as an electron
acceptor. Although seven anammox genera have been discovered up to now, all of them are named by the
status of Candidatus since their pure cultures cannot be obtained. Furthermore, these bacteria have been a
scientific turning point in the fields of ecological research and molecular biology due to their unique
metabolism. In this context, the growth and cell biology, molecular mechanism of anammox bacteria and
the role and importance of Anammox process in environmental applications were investigated in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anammox bacteria, Anammox metabolism, Anammox applications

ANAEROBİK AMONYUM OKSİDASYONU (ANAMMOX)

Öz

Dünya atmosferinin ağırlıkça %75,5’ini, hacimce %78,06’sını oluşturan azot elementi ATP, klorofil,
nükleik asitler, vitaminler gibi birçok önemli biyomolekülün yapısına katılmaktadır. Fakat azot gazı
formunda (N2) bulunan bu element, birincil üreticiler dahil canlılar için kullanılmaya elverişli formda
değildir. Bu yüzden azot döngüsü yaşamın sürekliliğini sağlayan en önemli biyolojik proseslerden biridir.
1990’lı yılların sonunda anammox bakterilerinin keşfi ile birlikte azot döngüsü hakkındaki bulgular
güncellenmiş olup, anammox uygulamaları günümüzde atık su arıtma tesislerinde kullanılan
konvansiyonel nitrifikasyon/denitrifikasyon proseslerine alternatif bir teknoloji haline gelmiştir. Bu
proses anoksik ortamda anammox bakterilerinin nitriti elektron alıcı olarak kullanarak amonyumu azot
gazına dönüştürmesi olarak açıklanabilir. Şimdiye kadar, yedi anammox cinsi bulunmasına rağmen, saf
kültürleri elde edilemediği için hepsine aday (Candidatus) statüsü verilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, bu
bakteriler eşsiz metabolizmaları nedeniyle ekolojik araştırmalar ve moleküler biyoloji alanlarında bilimsel
bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızda anammox bakterilerinin büyümesi, hücre
biyolojisi, moleküler mekanizması ile birlikte Anammox prosesinin çevre uygulmalarındaki rolü ve
önemi detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anammox bakterileri, Anammox metabolizması, Anammox uygulamaları

Kaynakça

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