Clinical and Sociodemographic Features of Trichomonas Vaginalis and Comparison of Methods Used in the Diagnosis

Yıl 2023, , 228 - 236, 30.12.2023

Sevgi Akman , Yunus Emre Beyhan

https://doi.org/10.52976/vansaglik.1298251

Öz

Objective: Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis, the social, demographic and clinical features that affect it, and to compare the sensitivity of diagnostic methods.
Material and Method: The study was conducted on 150 female patients aged 18–65. Samples were taken from the posterior vaginal fornix during the pelvic examination, and the parasite was searched by direct microscopic examination, Giemsa staining, cysteine-peptone-liver-maltose, and Trichomonas Broth culture methods.
Results: T. vaginalis was detected in 25 (16.6%) patients. While the best sensitivity was found in the TB culture, the lowest sensitivity was found in DM. The highest positivities were found in the age group of 36–50 (26.1%) and in uneducated women (26.5%). The risk of T. vaginalis increased 3.21 times in people who wore white cotton underwear. The majority of positive cases had aqueous or purulent discharge, and 22.2% of the patients had complaints of discharge and itching.
Conclusion: Trichomoniasis is still an important public health problem. By using different diagnostic methods together, it will be possible to prevent cases that cannot be detected with a single method from being missed

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trichomonas vaginalis, Diagnosis, Culture, Clinic, Türkiye

Destekleyen Kurum

YYU BAP

Proje Numarası

TYL-2019-7902

Teşekkür

This study was supported by Yüzüncü Yıl University Scientific Research Project Office as the TYL-2019-7902 number.

Trichomonas Vaginalis'in Klinik ve Sosyodemografik Özellikleri ve Tanıda Kullanılan Yöntemlerin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Trichomonas vaginalis dünyada en sık görülen viral olmayan cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyonlardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı T. vaginalis prevalansını, bunu etkileyen sosyal, demografik ve klinik özellikleri belirlemek ve tanı yöntemlerinin duyarlılığını karşılaştırmaktır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma 18-65 yaş arası 150 kadın hasta üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Pelvik muayene sırasında posterior vajinal forniksten örnekler alındı ve direkt mikroskobik inceleme, Giemsa boyama, sistein-pepton-karaciğer-maltoz ve Trichomonas Broth kültür yöntemleri ile parazit arandı.
Bulgular: Yirmi-beş (%16,6) hastada T. vaginalis saptandı. En iyi duyarlılık TB kültür yönteminde bulunurken, en düşük duyarlılık DM’de tespit edildi. En yüksek pozitiflikler 36-50 yaş grubunda (%26,1) ve eğitim seviyesi düşük kadınlarda (%26,5) görüldü. Beyaz pamuklu iç çamaşırı giyen kişilerde T. vaginalis riskinin 3,21 kat daha fazla olduğu tespit edildi. Pozitif vakaların çoğunda sulu veya purulent akıntı vardı ve hastaların %22,2'sinde akıntı ve kaşıntı şikayeti mevcuttu.
Sonuç: Trichomoniasis halen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Farklı teşhis yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanılması ile tek bir yöntemle tespit edilemeyen vakaların gözden kaçmasının önüne geçilebilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trichomonas vaginalis, Tanı, Kültür, Klinik

Proje Numarası

TYL-2019-7902

Kaynakça

• Abdul H, Oladele W, Oladipupo AA, Olalekan AW, Abiodun AA (2011). Survey of trichomoniasisin Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research, 2(3), 607–610. Adeoye GO, Akande AH (2007). Epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis among women in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,10(13), 2198–2201.
• Ahady MT, Safavı N, Jafarı A, Mohammadi Z, Abed S, Pourasgar S (2016). Prevalence of Trichomoniasis among 18–48 year–old women in Northwest of Iran. Iran Journal of Parasitology, 11(4), 580–584.
• Akarsu GA (2006). Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in patients with nonspecific vaginal discharge. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 30(1), 19–21.
• Akdemir C, Keskin N, Çoksüer H (2010). A survey of prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in cases with vaginal discharge in Kütahya by classic miscroscopy and DNA hybridization. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 67(4), 161–166.
• Ambrozio CL, Nagel AS, Jesk S, Bragança GCM, Borsuk S, Villela MM. (2016). Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence and risk factors for women in southern Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 58, 1–5.
• Banneheke HA, Fernandopulle R, Gunasekara UM, Gunawardene E, Fernando SSN, Wickramasinghe R (2013). Clinical profile and sociodemographic aspects of Trichomoniasis among females in the Western province of Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan Journal of Infectious Disease, 3(1), 26–31.
• Cevahir N, Kaleli I, Kaleli B (2002). Evaluation of direct microscopic examination, Acridine Orange staining and culture methods for studies of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharge specimens. Mikrobiyology Bulletin, 36(3–4), 329–335.
• Crucitti T, Jespers V, Mulenga C, Khondowe S, Vandepitte J, Buve, A (2011). Non–sexual transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis in adolescent girls attending school in Ndola, Zambia. PloS One, 6(1), e16310.
• Çetin ÖA (2006). Research of Trichomonas vaginalis on women who have vaginal complains. Master thesis, Ankara, Turkey: Ankara University Institute of Health Sciences, 2006. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Çetinkaya Ü, Yazar S, Serin S, Hamamcı B, Kuk S (2011). Trichomonas vaginalis positivity according to type of vaginal discharge in women. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Science, 31(5), 1094–1099.
• Çulha G, Hakverdi AU, Zeteroglu S, Duran N (2006). Investigation of the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with complaints of vaginal discharge and itching. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 30(1), 16–18.
• Değerli S, Şalk S, Malatyalı E (2011). Incidence in Sivas of Trichomonas vaginalis in patients with vaginitis. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 35, 145–147.
• Doğan N, Gitmez F (2019). Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis frequency by different methods in women in Eskisehir province and evaluation of its relation with various social variables. Osmangazi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(1), 46–57.
• Edwards T, Burke P, Smalley H, Hobbs G (2016). Trichomonas vaginalis: Clinical relevance, pathogenicity and diagnosis. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 42(3), 406–417.
• Erbil N, Karaman Ü, Benli E, Keskin DD, Çırakoğlu A, Gürgör PN, et al (2019). Determination of Trichomonas vaginalis positivity and risk factors in patients with urogenital complaints. Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 5(3), 258–266.
• Ertabaklar H, Ertuğ S, Kafkas S, Odabaşı AR, Karataş E (2004). Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with a vaginal discharge. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 28(4), 181–184.
• Houso Y, Farraj MA, Ramlawi A, Essawi T (2011). Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swab clinical samples from Palestinian women by culture. ISRN Microbiology, 10, 872358.
• Khatoon R, Jahan N, Ahmad S, Khan HM, Rabbani T (2015). Comparison of four diagnostic techniques for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in females attending tertiary care hospital of North India. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 58(1), 36–39.
• Kissinger P (2015). Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues. BMC Infectious Diseases,15, 307.
• Nabweyambo S, Kakaire O, Sowinski S, Okeng A, Ojiambo H, Kimeze J (2017). Very low sensitivity of wet mount microscopy compared to PCR against culture in the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis in Uganda: A cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 259.
• Nourian A, Shabani N, Fazaeli A, Mousavinasab SN (2013). Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in pregnant women in Zanjan, northwest of Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 6(8), 7258.
• Salakos E, Korb D, Morin C, Sibony O (2018). A case of non–treated Trichomonas vaginalis infection and severe preterm labor with positive obstetrical outcome. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 47(4),171–173.
• Schwebke RJ, Burgess D (2004). Trichomoniasis. Clinical and Microbiological Review, 17(4), 794–803.
• Sönmez Tamer GS, Dündar D, Çalışkan Ş, Doğer E (2008). Comparison of direct microscopy and in–vitro cultures in detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 65(2), 75–80.
• Östan İ, Sözen U, Limoncu ME, Kilimcioğlu A, Özbilgin A (2005). Incidence in Manisa of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with a vaginal discharge. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 29(1), 7–9.
• Van Der Pol B (2016). Clinical and laboratory testing for Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Journal of Cliniicial Microbiolology, 54, 7–12.
• Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M (2012). Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 380(9859), 2163–2196.
• Walker G (2004). Interventions for Trichomoniasis in Pregnancy: RHL Commentary. The WHO Reproductive Health Library. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
• World Health Organization (2008). Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable exually transmitted infections. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/75181/9789241503839_eng.pdf
• Yazar S, Dagcı H, Aksoy Ü, Üstün S, Akısu Ç, Ak M, et al (2002). Frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis among women having vaginal discharge, in İzmir. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(3), 159–161. Younis EZ, Elamami AH (2016). Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and vaginal discharge in Benghazi, Libya. Ibnosina Journal of Medical and Biomedical Science, 8(4), 109–113.