İnovasyon ve Toplam Faktör Verimliliği İlişkileri: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 58 Sayı: 3, 429 - 442, 22.07.2024

Ayşe Yamak

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1425487

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde inovasyon ile toplam faktör verimliliği arasındaki ilişkinin 2000-2020 dönemi için araştırılmasıdır.
Yöntem: Toplam faktör verimliliğinin açıklanmasında kendi gecikmeli değeri, patent stoku (inovasyon), orta öğretim kayıt oranı (beşerî sermaye), açıklık (ticari liberalizasyon) ve politik risk endeksi (kurumsal kalite) değişkenlerinin kullanıldığı modelin tahmininde, dinamik model tahmin edicilerinden Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu kullanılmıştır. Uygulamada olası ekonometrik varsayımlardan sapmaları telafi edecek yaklaşımlar da kullanılarak iktisadi, istatistiksel ve ekonometrik beklentilere uygun modeller raporlanmıştır.
Bulgular: Tahmin sonuçlarına göre, teorik beklentilerle de uyumlu bir şekilde, toplam faktör verimliliğinin gecikmeli değeri ve inovasyon, analizde kullanılan tüm ülke panellerinde toplam faktör verimliliği üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkiye sahiptir.
Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın inovasyon ve toplam faktör verimliliği arasındaki ilişkiye dair ampirik literatüre temel katkılarının: i) yükselen piyasa ekonomileri, gelişmiş ekonomiler ve yükselen Asya ekonomilerinin karşılaştırmalı bir analizinin yapılması, ii) tahminde güncel istatistiki verilerin kullanılması ve iii) modelde ticari açıklık, politik risk endeksi ve ortaokul kayıt oranı değişkenleri kullanılarak ticari serbestleşme, kurumsal kalite ve beşeri sermaye faktörlerinin toplam faktör verimliliği üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ar-Ge, İnovasyon, Toplam Faktör Verimliliği, Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi, Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu (GMM), Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri

The Relationship Between Innovation and Total Factor Productivity: An Econometric Analysis on Emerging Market Economies

Öz

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between innovation and total factor productivity in emerging market economies for the period 2000-2020.
Methodology: System Generalized Method of Moments, one of the dynamic model estimators, was used to estimate the model in which total factor productivity is explained by its own lagged value, patent stock (innovation), secondary education enrollment rate (human capital), openness (trade liberalization) and political risk index (institutional quality) variables. In addition, approaches to compensate for possible deviations from econometric assumptions in estimation are also used, and models that align with economic, statistical, and econometric expectations are reported.
Findings: According to the estimation results, consistent with the theoretical expectations, the lagged value of total factor productivity and innovation have a positive and significant effect on total factor productivity in all country panels investigated in the analysis.
Originality: The main contributions of this study to the empirical literature on the relationship between innovation and total factor productivity are considered to be: i) conducting a comparative analysis of emerging market economies, advanced economies and emerging Asian economies, ii) using recent statistical data in estimation, and iii) examining the effects of trade liberalization, institutional quality and human capital factors on total factor productivity by using openness, political risk index and secondary school enrollment rate variables in the model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

R&D, Innovation, Total Factor Productivity, Dynamic Panel Data Analysis, System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM), Emerging Market Economies

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