Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) ahşabında ağartma uygulaması sonrasında meydana gelen bazı yüzey değişimlerinin araştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 14.06.2024

Ümit Ayata , Osman Çamlıbel , Elif Hümeyra Bilginer

Öz

Oksalik asit (C2H2O4), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) ve sodyum hidroksit (NaOH) kimyasalları, ağartma endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma, ağartma maddeleri olan C2H2O4 ve H2O2 + NaOH çözeltilerinin Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum (ayous) ahşap üzerine uygulanmasının ardından renk parametrelerinde, parlaklık değerlerinde ve beyazlık indeksi (WI*) değerlerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri inceledi. İşlenmiş yüzeyleri karşılaştırmak için bir kontrol grubu oluşturuldu. Sonuçlar, kullanılan ağartma kimyasal türü açısından tüm testlerde anlamlı farklılıkların olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ağartma kimyasallarının uygulanması, her iki yönde WI* değerlerinde artışlara neden olmuştur. ΔE* değerleri, C2H2O4 kimyasalı kullanıldığında 2.21, H2O2 + NaOH kimyasallarıyla kullanıldığında ise 12.01 olarak belirlenmiştir. Parlaklık değerlerinin her iki yönde de 60 ve 85 derecede azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, L* ve ho değerlerinde artışlar görülürken, C* ve a* değerlerinde azalmalar elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan kimyasalların ayous ahşabının yüzey özelliklerinde değişikliklere neden olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağartma, oksalik asit, parlaklık, ayous, hidrojen peroksit, renk, beyazlık indeksi, sodyum hidroksit

INVESTIGATION OF SOME SURFACE CHANGES OCCURRING AFTER BLEACHING TREATMENT ON AYOUS (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) WOOD

Öz

Oxalic acid (C2H2O4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) chemicals are widely used in the bleaching industry. This research examined alterations in colour parameters, glossiness values, and the whiteness index (WI*) values following the application of bleaching agents, namely C2H2O4 and H2O2 + NaOH solutions, on ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) wood. A control group was established to compare the treated surfaces. The results indicate that variance analyses revealed significant differences across all tests concerning the type of bleaching chemical used. The application of bleaching chemicals resulted in increases in WI* values in both directions. The ΔE* values were determined to be 2.21 when using the C2H2O4 chemical and 12.01 with the H2O2 + NaOH chemicals. It was determined that glossiness values decreased in both directions at 60 and 85 degrees. In addition, increases were observed in L* and ho values, while decreases were obtained in C* and a* values. It was observed that the surface properties of ayous wood changed with the chemicals used in the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bleaching, oxalic acid, glossiness, ayous, hydrogen peroxide, colour, white index, sodium hydroxide

Kaynakça

• ASTM D 2244-3 (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
• ASTM E313-15e1 (2015). Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
• Ayata Ü. (2020). Determination of some technological properties in ayous wood and its color and glossiness properties after heat-treatment. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 3(1), 22-33. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.724596.
• Ayata Ü. and Bal B.C. (2023). Effect of Application of various bleaching chemicals on some surface properties of Ilomba (Pycnanthus angolensis Exell) wood, EU 2nd International Conference on Health, Engineering and Applied Sciences, August 4-6, 2023, Belgrade, 95-105.
• Ayata Ü. and Çamlıbel O. (2023). A study on the application of bleaching treatment on Satinwood ceylon (Chloroxylon swietenia DC) wood used indoors and outdoors, The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 14(2), 273-281. DOI: 10.29048/makufebed.1343434. Ayata, Ü. and Bal B.C. (2024). Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff) ahşabında ağartma uygulamaları, Avrasya 10. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 2-5 Mayıs 2024, Tiflis, Gürcistan.
• Badve M., Gogate P., Pandit, A. and Csoka L. (2013). Hydrodynamic cavitation as a novel approach for wastewater treatment in wood finishing industry. Separation and Purification Technology, 106, 15-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.12.029.
• Bosu P.P. and Krampah E. (2005). Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. In: Louppe D., OtengAmoako A.A. and Brink M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa/Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands.
• Boulton E.H.B. and Price T.J. (1931). Tropical woods, Yale University, School of Forestry, Number 25. March 1, p. 3. Çamlıbel O. and Ayata Ü. (2023a). The bleaching application on linden wood (Tilia tomentosa - Moench.), Fareast 2nd International Conference on Applied Sciences, October 20-22, 2023, Manila, 107-116.
• Çamlıbel O. and Ayata Ü. (2023b). Application of wood bleaching chemicals on ekop wood (Tetraberlinia bifoliolata Haum.), Fareast 2nd International Conference on Applied Sciences, October 20-22, 2023, Manila, 125-135.
• Çamlıbel O. and Ayata Ü. (2024a). Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana) ahşabında bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine ağartıcı kimyasallarının etkileri, Latin Amerika 8. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi 1-5 Mayıs 2024, Havana, Küba.
• Çamlıbel O. and Ayata Ü. (2024b). Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa Hemsl.,) odununda ağartma uygulamasının denenmesi, ArtGRID - Journal of Architecture Engineering and Fine Arts, 6(1).
• DIN 5033 (1979). Deutsche Normen, Farbmessung. Normenausschuß Farbe (FNF) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, Beuth, Berlin März.
• Gérard J., Paradis S. and Thibaut B. (2019). Survey on the chemical composition of several tropical wood species, Bois et Forêts des Tropiques - ISSN: L-0006-579X, Volume 342- 4e trimestre - novembre 2019 - p. 79-91. DOI: 10.19182/bft2019.342.a31809.
• ISO 2813 (1994). Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ISO 554 (1976). Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Khanna A.S. and Kumar S. (2008). Characterization, evaluation and testing of organic paint coatings, High-performance organic coatings, Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK.
• Kurtoğlu A. (2000). Ağaç Malzeme Yüzey işlemleri, İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Lange D.R. (1999). Fundamentals of Colourimetry - Application Report No. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA.
• Liu Y., Guo H., Gao J., Zhang F., Shao L. and Via B.K. (2015). Effect of bleach pretreatment on surface discoloration of dyed wood veneer exposed to artificial light irradiation. BioResources, 10(3), 5607-5619. DOI: 10.15376/biores.10.3.5607-5619.
• Louppe D., Oteng-Amoako A.A. and Brink M. (2008). Plant resources of tropical Africa, Prota 7(1), Timbers 1. Wageningen: PROTA, 1 Cd-Rom, ISBN 978-3-8236-1542-2; 978- 3-8236-1544-6.
• Luo W., Westland S., Ellwood R., Pretty I., and Cheung V. (2009). Development of a whiteness index for dentistry. Journal of Dentistry, 37, e21-e26. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.011.
• Mehats J., Castets L., Grau E. and Grelier S. (2021). Homogenization of maritime pine wood color by alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment. Coatings, 11(7), 839. DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070839.
• Mononen K., Jääskeläinen A.S., Alvila L., Pakkanen T.T. and Vuorinen T. (2005). Chemical changes in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) wood caused by hydrogen peroxide bleaching and monitored by color measurement (CIELab) and UV-Vis, FTIR and UVRR spectroscopy. Holzforschung, 59, 381-388. DOI: 10.1515/HF.2005.063.
• Möttönen V., Asikainen A., Malvaranta P. and Öykkönen M. (2003). Peroxide bleaching of parquet blocks and glue lams. Holzforschung, 57(1), 75-80. DOI: 10.1515/HF.2003.012.
• Nguyen Q.T., Nguyen T. and Nguyen N.B. (2019). Effects of bleaching and heat treatments on Indosasa angustata bamboo in Vietnam. Bioresources, 14(3), 6608-6618. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.3.6608-6618.
• Nzokou P., Wehner K. and Kamdem D.P. (2003). Natural durability of eight tropical hardwoods from Cameroon. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 17(3), 416-427.
• Park K.C., Kim B., Park H. and Park S.Y. (2022). Peracetic acid treatment as an effective method to protect wood discoloration by UV light. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, 50(4), 283-298. DOI: 10.5658/WOOD.2022.50.4.283.
• Peker H. (2023a). Canelo (Drimys winteri J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) ahşabında ağartma uygulamaları, ICAFVP 3. Uluslararası Tarım, Gıda, Veteriner Ve Eczacılık Bilimleri Kongresi, 10-12 Kasım 2023, Beyrut, Lübnan, 165-174.
• Peker H. (2023b). Lotofa (Sterculia rhinopetala) odununda tek ve çift bileşenli ağartıcılarının uygulanması, ICAFVP 3. Uluslararası Tarım, Gıda, Veteriner Ve Eczacılık Bilimleri Kongresi, 10-12 Kasım 2023, Beyrut, Lübnan, 173-182.
• Peker H. and Ulusoy H. (2023). Ahşap ağartıcı kimyasalları uygulanmış yalancı akasya (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, 8. Asya Pasifik Uluslararası Modern Bilimler Kongresi, 11-12 Eylül 2023, Delhi, India, 464-465.
• Peker H., and Ayata Ü. (2023). Effects of bleaching chemicals on some surface characteristics of olon (Zanthoxylum heitzii) wood. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 6(2), 210-218. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1369843.
• Peker H., Bilginer E.H., Ayata Ü. and Çamlıbel O. (2023b). A research on the application of single and double-component wood bleaching chemicals on movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus Baillon) wood used in the furniture industry. Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 73-79.
• Peker H., Bilginer E.H., Ayata Ü., Çamlıbel O. and Gürleyen L. (2023a). The application of bleaching chemicals (oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide + sodium hydroxide) on bulletwood (Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A. Chev.) wood. Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Engineering Faculty, 1(2), 48-54.
• Peker H., Bilginer E.H., Ayata Ü., Çamlıbel O. and Gürleyen L. (2024). Identification of certain surface characteristics of balau red (Shorea guiso) wood treated with wood Bleaching chemicals followed by bleached treatment. Turkish Journal of Science and Engineering, in press.
• Peker H., Bilginer E.H., Ayata Ü., Gürleyen L. and Çamlıbel O. (2023c). The application of different wood bleaching chemicals on izombé wood (Testulea gabonensis Pellegr.) used in indoor and outdoor designs, 2nd International Culture, Art and Communication Symposium, Bayburt, Turkey, 15-17 December 2023.
• Sandoval-Torres S., Jomaa W., Marc F. and Puiggali J-R. (2010). Causes of color changes in wood during drying. Forestry Studies in China, 12(4), 167-175. DOI: 10.1007/s11632-010-0404-8.
• Shmulsky R. and Jones P.D. (2011). Forest products and wood science: an introduction.
• Yamamoto A., Rohumaa A., Hughes M., Vuorinen T. and Rautkari L. (2017). Surface modification of birch veneer by peroxide bleaching. Wood Science and Technology, 51, 85-95. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0880-7.