YAŞLI SOSYAL REFAHININ KÜRESEL YAŞLANMA İZLEM ENDEKSİ YÖNÜNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESI VE TÜRKİYE YAŞLI SOSYAL REFAHININ GÖRÜNÜMÜ

Sema Oğlak

Derleme

AN EVALUATION OF SOCIAL WELLBEING OF OLDER PEOPLE TO THE GLOBAL AGEWATCH INDEX AND TURKEY’S STATUS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 84 - 96, 30.12.2019

Sema Oğlak

Öz

Social welfare policies for the elderly
are depends on to the political, social and economic policies of the countries
and determines the quality of life of individuals. Although, global aging is an
important agenda of the world, it is a known fact that the systematic and
comprehensive data collection mechanism for the social welfare of the elderly
is quite inadequate. However, an effective social policies towards the elderly
people will be possible with correct and clearly data. The International
HelpAge, an organization affiliated to the United Nations, has been evaluating
the social welfare policies and practices of the countries towards elderly people
since 2013, according to the criteria of the Global AgeWatch Index. The Global AgeWatch
Index is based on the evaluation of multiple dimensions that determine the
social and economic well-being of the elderly people and gives important clues
about the countries' elderly people welfare. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the Global AgeWatch Index based on the data and documents of the
United Nations and International HelpAge Organization in 2013, 2014 and 2015; fundemantal
indicators affecting the welfare and quality of life of the elderly people,
country comparisons, Turkey's status in the index, and will attempt to compare
countries take place out of view in terms of social welfare in elderly people.
Considering the current index indicators, Turkey's social welfare policy for
the older people is seen that remain below desired levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global agewatch index, population aging, social welfare, quality of life, Turkey

Kaynakça

1. Agwanda, A. & Amani, H. (2014). Population growth, structure and momentum in Tanzania. Background Paper No. 7, ESRF Discussion Paper 61. The Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF). http://www.thdr.or.tz/docs/THDR-BP-7.pdf
2. Artazcoz, L. & Rueda, S. (2007). Social inequalities in health among the elderly: a challenge for public health research. Journal of Epidemiyology Community Health. 61 (6), 466-467.
3. Aydıner Boylu, A. & Günay, G. (2018). Yaşlı Bireylerde Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Yaşam Doyumu Üzerine Etkisi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (2), 1351-1363.
4. Berkün, S. (2017). Türkiye’de Sosyal Belediyecilik Anlayışı. e-Şarkiyat İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9 (2), 582-598
5. Bruijn de J. (2015). Commentary on Switzerland’s domain ranks in the 2015 Global AgeWatch Index. file:///Users/apple/Downloads/Switzerland%20country%20commentary.pdf [Erişim:26.06.2017].
6. Centre for Ageing Better. (2017). Inequalities in later life, the issue and the implications for policy and practice. https://www.ageing-better.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-12/Inequalities%20insight%20report.pdf [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
7. Chen, X, Huang, B. & Li, S. (2017). Population Aging and Inequality: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Working Paper Series, no. 794. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: https://www.adb.org/publications/population-aging-and-inequalityevidence-prc
9. Çolak M. & Özer YE. (2015). Sosyal Politika Anlamında Aktif Yaşlanma Politikalarının Ulusal Ve Yerel Düzeydeki Analizi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(55);115-124.
10. Government of Pakistan Ministry of Finance. (2013). Population, Labour Force and Employmen http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_13/12-population.pdf
11. Hank, K. (2011). How “successful” do older europeans age? findings from share. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 66B(2), 230-236.
12. HelpAge International. (2011). Insights on ageing: a survey report. HelpAge International, UK. https://cdn.uclouvain.be/public/Exports%20reddot/aisbl-generations/documents/DocPart_Etud_InsightsOnAgeing_2011.pdf [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
13. HelpAge International. (2012a). Global ageing, its implications for growth, decent work and social protection beyond 2015. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 2. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-policy-brief-2-global-ageing-its-implications-for-growth-decent-work-and-social-protection-beyond-2015/ [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
14. HelpAge International (2012b). Sustainable development in an ageing world. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 3. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-policy-brief-3-sustainable-development-in-an-ageing-world/ [Erişim: 24.06. 2017].
15. HelpAge International. (2012c). Mainstreaming ageing into the post-2015 process. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 1. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-policy-brief-1-mainstreaming-ageing-into-the-post2015-process/ [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
16. HelpAge International. (2013). Global AgeWatch index 2013. Purpose, methodology and results, http://www.helpage.org/silo/files/global-agewatch-index-2013-purpose-methodology-and-results.pdf [Erişim:28.06.2017].
17. HelpAge International. (2014a). A post-2015 framework for all ages: Transforming the future for youth and older people. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 5. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-brief-5-a-post2015-framework-for-all-ages-transforming-the-future-for-youth-and-older-people/ [Erişim:15.06.2017].
18. HelpAge International (2014b). Global agewatch index 2014, Insight Report. http://www.duchodova-komise.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Global-AgeWatch-Index-2014.pdf [Erişim:15.06.2017].
19. HelpAge International (2014c). Older people count: making data fit for purpose. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 4. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-policy-brief-4-older-people-count-making-data-fit-for-purpose/ [Erişim:28.06.2017].
20. HelpAge International (2014d). Global AgeWatch 2014: Norway tops the list, Latin America leads pension revolution, life expectancy continues to rise. https://www.helpage.org/newsroom/press-room/press-releases/global-agewatch-2014-norway-tops-the-list-latin-america-leads-pension-revolution-life-expectancy-continues-to-rise/ [Erişim:28.03.2019].
21. HelpAge International. (2015a). Global AgeWatch Index 2015: Insight report, HelpAge International, Publishing, London. file:///Users/apple/Downloads/global-agewatch-index-2015-insight-report.pdf. [Erişim:15.06.2017].
22. HelpAge International. (2015b). HelpAge International Press Release. http://www.helpage.org/newsroom/press-room/press-releases/january-launch-of-action2015/ [Erişim:15.06.2017].
23. HelpAge International. (2015c). Age watch report card, Turkey. file:///Users/imac/Desktop/GLOBAL%20AGEWATCH%20INDEX/Turkey%20ageing%20data%20%7C%20Data%20%7C%20Global%20AgeWatch%20Index%202015.webarchive [Erişim:15.06.2017].
24. HelpAge International. (2015d). AgeWatch report card, Norway, http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/population-ageing-data/country-ageing-data/?country=Norway [Erişim:16.06.2017].http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30699
25. HelpAge International (2015e). AgeWatch report card, Afghanistan, http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/population-ageing-data/country-ageing-data/?country=Afghanistan&printer=1 [Erişim:28.06.2017].
26. HelpAge International (2015f). AgeWatch report card, Switzerland. ttps://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/population-ageing-data/country-ageing-data/?country=Switzerland [Erişim:28.06.2017].
27. HelpAgeInternational (2015g). Pension Watch, Afghanistan http://www.pension-watch.net/country-fact-file/afghanistan/ [Erişim:28.03.2019].
28. HelpAge International (2017). Annual Review 2017/18. International HelpAge. file:///Users/imac/Downloads/Annual%20review%202017-18%20web.pdf. [Erişim:19.03.2019].
29. Kurtkapan, H. (2018). Aktif Yaşlılık ve Yerel Yönetim Uygulamaları: İstanbul Örneği. Senex: Yaşlılık Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2, 38-52.
30. Matthews, D. (2015). The effect of ageing on health inequalities. Nursing Practice Review Sociology, 111 (45). 18-21. https://www.nursingtimes.net/Journals/2015/11/01/g/y/x/041115_The-effect-of-ageing-on-health-inequalities.pdf [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
31. Nakao, Y. (2015). Aging and Social Problems in Tanzania, a Demographically Young Country in Africa.http://www.kuasu.cpier.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Yukie-NAKAO-NGGW-2015-Final-Revised-title.pdf. [Erişim:28.03.2019].
32. OECD (2019), Elderly population (indicator). doi: 10.1787/8d805ea1-en https://data.oecd.org/pop/elderly-population.htm (Erişim: 30.07. 2019)
33. Powell, L.J. & Khan, H.T. (2014). Ageing and globalization: a global analysis. Journal of Globalization Studies, (1), 223-231. http://www.sociostudies.org/books/files/globalistics_and_globalization_studies_3/223-231.pdf [Erişim:16.06.2017].
34. Pozzebon, S. (2014). 12 Reasons to move to Norway Right now. Business Insider. 30.10.2014. https://www.businessinsider.com/norway-ranks-as-the-best-country-to-grow-old-2014-10
35. Roles, C. (2015). Afghanistan the worst place to be old, global index. Thomson Reuters Foundation News. (09.09.2015). http://news.trust.org//item/20150909084236-zg30k/
36. Scinner, M. & Harris, C. (2015). Why ageing should be a concern for the world humanitarian summit, (Eds)Karen P, Dama S. HelpAge International, UK. helpage-international-why-ageing-should-be-a-concern-for-the-whs.pdf [Erişim:30.06.2017].
37. Softa Kaçan, H., Bayraktar, T., & Uğuz, C. (2016). Yaşlı Bireylerin Algılanan Sosyal Destek Sistemleri ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarını Etkileyen Faktörler. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi (YSAD), Haziran (9), 1-12.
38. Stewart, A. & Lander J. (2018). Transforming gender relations in an ageing world, A policy discussion paper. London: HelpAge International. file:///Users/apple/Downloads/Gender%20and%20Ageing%20policy%20discussion%20paper_Web.pdf. [Erişim:28.06.2017].
39. Şahinoğlu, İ. (2017). Yerel Sosyal Politika Uygulamalarında Türkiye Deneyimi:Sosyal Belediyecilik Anlayışı. Marmara Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11, 37-67.
40. T.C.Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı (2011). Türkiye’de Aile Yapısı Araştırması 2011. Ankara: Afşaroğlu Matbaası.
41. T.C.Sağlık Bakanlığı (2008). İlerleme Raporu Türkiye Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı. Akdağ R, Aydın S, Demirel H ( Editörler). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No. 749. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/turkiyeSDP.pdf
42. World Bank (2017a). Population ages 65 and above. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=AF
43. World Bank (2017b). The World Bank Data.Turkey and Mexico. https://data.worldbank.org/?locations=TR-MX
44. Ting, I. (2015). The best and worst countries for people 60 and older: Global AgeWatch Index, The Sidney Morning Herald, Avusturalia, http://www.smh.com.au/world/the-best-and-worst-countries-for-people-60-and-older-global-agewatch-index-20150908-gjhzke.html [Erişim:16.06.2017].
45. TUİK (2016). İstatistiklerle Türkiye 2015. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası.
46. TUİK (2017). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2016. Haber Bülteni, sayı 24644. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24644
47. TUİK (2019a). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2018. Haber Bülteni, sayı: 30699. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30699
48. TUİK (2019b). İşgücü İstatistikleri, Ekim 2018, Haber Bülteni, sayı 30680. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=30680
49. United Nations [UN] (2011). Current status of the social situation, well-being, participation in development and rights of older persons worldwide . Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations. A United Nations Electronic Publication, New York. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/ageing/documents/publications/current-status-older-persons.pdf [Erişim:28.06.2017].
50. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs [UN, DESA]. (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.241. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf. [Erişim:28.06.2017]
51. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, [UN, DESA]. (2017). Population Division World Population Prospects 2017 – Data Booklet (ST/ESA/SER.A/401). file:///Users/apple/Downloads/WPP2017-DataBooklet.pdf [Erişim:28.06.2017]
52. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe [UNECE]. (2013). Abuse of Older Persons. UNECE Policy Brief on Ageing, no.14, https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/pau/age/Policy_briefs/ECE-WG-14.pdf[Erişim:19.03.2019].
53. United Nations General Assembly (2015). A life of dignity for all: accelerating progress towards the millennium development goals and advancing the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015. Report of the Secretary-General https://www.unodc.org/documents/about-unodc/Post-2015-Development-Agenda/A_Life_of_Dignity_for_All1.pdf [Erişim:28.06.2017].
54. United Nations Population Fund & HelpAge International. (2012). Ageing in the twenty-first century: a celebration and a challenge, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), UK http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/publications/pid/11584 [Erişim:17.06.2017].
55. Wells, J. (2013). The neglected generation, the impact of displacement on older people. Publishing HelpAge International, UK.

YAŞLI SOSYAL REFAHININ KÜRESEL YAŞLANMA İZLEM ENDEKSİ YÖNÜNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESI VE TÜRKİYE YAŞLI SOSYAL REFAHININ GÖRÜNÜMÜ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 84 - 96, 30.12.2019

Sema Oğlak

Öz

Yaşlılara yönelik sosyal refah
politikaları; ülkelerin siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik politikalarına göre
şekillenmekte ve bireylerin yaşam kalitesi üzerinde belirleyici olmaktadır. Küresel yaşlanma tüm dünyanın önemli gündemi olmasına
karşın, yaşlıların sosyal refahları konusunda sistematik ve kapsamlı veri toplama
mekanizmasının yetersizliği bilinen bir gerçektir. Ancak, yaşlılara yönelik doğru
ve etkin sosyal politikaları hayata geçirmek, sağlıklı verilerle mümkün
olabilecektir. Birleşmiş Milletler’e bağlı bir organizasyon olan Uluslararası HelpAge, ülkelerin yaşlı bireylere yönelik sosyal refah politika
ve uygulamalarını 2013 yılından bu
yana, Küresel Yaşlanma İzlem Endeksi ölçütlerine göre değerlendirmektedir.
Küresel Yaşlanma İzlem Endeksi, yaşlıların sosyal ve ekonomik refahını
belirleyen çoklu faktörlerin değerlendirilmesine dayanmakta ve ülkelerin yaşlı
refahına yönelik önemli ipuçları vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Birleşmiş Milletler ve Uluslararası HelpAge
Organizasyonunun verileri ve belgelerine dayalı olarak, Küresel Yaşlanma
İzlem Endeksinin ölçülmeye başladığından günümüze kadar olan 3 yılın verileri
(2013, 2014, 2015) çerçevesinde; yaşlının sosyal
refahını etkileyen temel göstergeleri, ülke karşılaştırmaları, Türkiye’nin endeks
içindeki yeri ve yaşlılık açısından sosyal refah görünümü tanımlanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Mevcut endeks göstergeleri dikkate alındığında, Türkiye’nin yaşlılara yönelik
sosyal refah politikalarının arzu edilen düzeyin altında kaldığı görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel yaşlanma izlem endeksi, nüfus yaşlanması, sosyal refah, yaşam kalitesi, Türkiye

Kaynakça

1. Agwanda, A. & Amani, H. (2014). Population growth, structure and momentum in Tanzania. Background Paper No. 7, ESRF Discussion Paper 61. The Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF). http://www.thdr.or.tz/docs/THDR-BP-7.pdf
2. Artazcoz, L. & Rueda, S. (2007). Social inequalities in health among the elderly: a challenge for public health research. Journal of Epidemiyology Community Health. 61 (6), 466-467.
3. Aydıner Boylu, A. & Günay, G. (2018). Yaşlı Bireylerde Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Yaşam Doyumu Üzerine Etkisi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (2), 1351-1363.
4. Berkün, S. (2017). Türkiye’de Sosyal Belediyecilik Anlayışı. e-Şarkiyat İlmi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9 (2), 582-598
5. Bruijn de J. (2015). Commentary on Switzerland’s domain ranks in the 2015 Global AgeWatch Index. file:///Users/apple/Downloads/Switzerland%20country%20commentary.pdf [Erişim:26.06.2017].
6. Centre for Ageing Better. (2017). Inequalities in later life, the issue and the implications for policy and practice. https://www.ageing-better.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-12/Inequalities%20insight%20report.pdf [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
7. Chen, X, Huang, B. & Li, S. (2017). Population Aging and Inequality: Evidence from the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) Working Paper Series, no. 794. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: https://www.adb.org/publications/population-aging-and-inequalityevidence-prc
9. Çolak M. & Özer YE. (2015). Sosyal Politika Anlamında Aktif Yaşlanma Politikalarının Ulusal Ve Yerel Düzeydeki Analizi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(55);115-124.
10. Government of Pakistan Ministry of Finance. (2013). Population, Labour Force and Employmen http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_13/12-population.pdf
11. Hank, K. (2011). How “successful” do older europeans age? findings from share. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 66B(2), 230-236.
12. HelpAge International. (2011). Insights on ageing: a survey report. HelpAge International, UK. https://cdn.uclouvain.be/public/Exports%20reddot/aisbl-generations/documents/DocPart_Etud_InsightsOnAgeing_2011.pdf [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
13. HelpAge International. (2012a). Global ageing, its implications for growth, decent work and social protection beyond 2015. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 2. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-policy-brief-2-global-ageing-its-implications-for-growth-decent-work-and-social-protection-beyond-2015/ [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
14. HelpAge International (2012b). Sustainable development in an ageing world. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 3. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-policy-brief-3-sustainable-development-in-an-ageing-world/ [Erişim: 24.06. 2017].
15. HelpAge International. (2012c). Mainstreaming ageing into the post-2015 process. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 1. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-policy-brief-1-mainstreaming-ageing-into-the-post2015-process/ [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
16. HelpAge International. (2013). Global AgeWatch index 2013. Purpose, methodology and results, http://www.helpage.org/silo/files/global-agewatch-index-2013-purpose-methodology-and-results.pdf [Erişim:28.06.2017].
17. HelpAge International. (2014a). A post-2015 framework for all ages: Transforming the future for youth and older people. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 5. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-brief-5-a-post2015-framework-for-all-ages-transforming-the-future-for-youth-and-older-people/ [Erişim:15.06.2017].
18. HelpAge International (2014b). Global agewatch index 2014, Insight Report. http://www.duchodova-komise.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Global-AgeWatch-Index-2014.pdf [Erişim:15.06.2017].
19. HelpAge International (2014c). Older people count: making data fit for purpose. Global AgeWatch Policy Brief 4. http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/reports/global-agewatch-policy-brief-4-older-people-count-making-data-fit-for-purpose/ [Erişim:28.06.2017].
20. HelpAge International (2014d). Global AgeWatch 2014: Norway tops the list, Latin America leads pension revolution, life expectancy continues to rise. https://www.helpage.org/newsroom/press-room/press-releases/global-agewatch-2014-norway-tops-the-list-latin-america-leads-pension-revolution-life-expectancy-continues-to-rise/ [Erişim:28.03.2019].
21. HelpAge International. (2015a). Global AgeWatch Index 2015: Insight report, HelpAge International, Publishing, London. file:///Users/apple/Downloads/global-agewatch-index-2015-insight-report.pdf. [Erişim:15.06.2017].
22. HelpAge International. (2015b). HelpAge International Press Release. http://www.helpage.org/newsroom/press-room/press-releases/january-launch-of-action2015/ [Erişim:15.06.2017].
23. HelpAge International. (2015c). Age watch report card, Turkey. file:///Users/imac/Desktop/GLOBAL%20AGEWATCH%20INDEX/Turkey%20ageing%20data%20%7C%20Data%20%7C%20Global%20AgeWatch%20Index%202015.webarchive [Erişim:15.06.2017].
24. HelpAge International. (2015d). AgeWatch report card, Norway, http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/population-ageing-data/country-ageing-data/?country=Norway [Erişim:16.06.2017].http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30699
25. HelpAge International (2015e). AgeWatch report card, Afghanistan, http://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/population-ageing-data/country-ageing-data/?country=Afghanistan&printer=1 [Erişim:28.06.2017].
26. HelpAge International (2015f). AgeWatch report card, Switzerland. ttps://www.helpage.org/global-agewatch/population-ageing-data/country-ageing-data/?country=Switzerland [Erişim:28.06.2017].
27. HelpAgeInternational (2015g). Pension Watch, Afghanistan http://www.pension-watch.net/country-fact-file/afghanistan/ [Erişim:28.03.2019].
28. HelpAge International (2017). Annual Review 2017/18. International HelpAge. file:///Users/imac/Downloads/Annual%20review%202017-18%20web.pdf. [Erişim:19.03.2019].
29. Kurtkapan, H. (2018). Aktif Yaşlılık ve Yerel Yönetim Uygulamaları: İstanbul Örneği. Senex: Yaşlılık Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2, 38-52.
30. Matthews, D. (2015). The effect of ageing on health inequalities. Nursing Practice Review Sociology, 111 (45). 18-21. https://www.nursingtimes.net/Journals/2015/11/01/g/y/x/041115_The-effect-of-ageing-on-health-inequalities.pdf [Erişim: 30.06.2017].
31. Nakao, Y. (2015). Aging and Social Problems in Tanzania, a Demographically Young Country in Africa.http://www.kuasu.cpier.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Yukie-NAKAO-NGGW-2015-Final-Revised-title.pdf. [Erişim:28.03.2019].
32. OECD (2019), Elderly population (indicator). doi: 10.1787/8d805ea1-en https://data.oecd.org/pop/elderly-population.htm (Erişim: 30.07. 2019)
33. Powell, L.J. & Khan, H.T. (2014). Ageing and globalization: a global analysis. Journal of Globalization Studies, (1), 223-231. http://www.sociostudies.org/books/files/globalistics_and_globalization_studies_3/223-231.pdf [Erişim:16.06.2017].
34. Pozzebon, S. (2014). 12 Reasons to move to Norway Right now. Business Insider. 30.10.2014. https://www.businessinsider.com/norway-ranks-as-the-best-country-to-grow-old-2014-10
35. Roles, C. (2015). Afghanistan the worst place to be old, global index. Thomson Reuters Foundation News. (09.09.2015). http://news.trust.org//item/20150909084236-zg30k/
36. Scinner, M. & Harris, C. (2015). Why ageing should be a concern for the world humanitarian summit, (Eds)Karen P, Dama S. HelpAge International, UK. helpage-international-why-ageing-should-be-a-concern-for-the-whs.pdf [Erişim:30.06.2017].
37. Softa Kaçan, H., Bayraktar, T., & Uğuz, C. (2016). Yaşlı Bireylerin Algılanan Sosyal Destek Sistemleri ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarını Etkileyen Faktörler. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi (YSAD), Haziran (9), 1-12.
38. Stewart, A. & Lander J. (2018). Transforming gender relations in an ageing world, A policy discussion paper. London: HelpAge International. file:///Users/apple/Downloads/Gender%20and%20Ageing%20policy%20discussion%20paper_Web.pdf. [Erişim:28.06.2017].
39. Şahinoğlu, İ. (2017). Yerel Sosyal Politika Uygulamalarında Türkiye Deneyimi:Sosyal Belediyecilik Anlayışı. Marmara Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11, 37-67.
40. T.C.Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı (2011). Türkiye’de Aile Yapısı Araştırması 2011. Ankara: Afşaroğlu Matbaası.
41. T.C.Sağlık Bakanlığı (2008). İlerleme Raporu Türkiye Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı. Akdağ R, Aydın S, Demirel H ( Editörler). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No. 749. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/turkiyeSDP.pdf
42. World Bank (2017a). Population ages 65 and above. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=AF
43. World Bank (2017b). The World Bank Data.Turkey and Mexico. https://data.worldbank.org/?locations=TR-MX
44. Ting, I. (2015). The best and worst countries for people 60 and older: Global AgeWatch Index, The Sidney Morning Herald, Avusturalia, http://www.smh.com.au/world/the-best-and-worst-countries-for-people-60-and-older-global-agewatch-index-20150908-gjhzke.html [Erişim:16.06.2017].
45. TUİK (2016). İstatistiklerle Türkiye 2015. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Matbaası.
46. TUİK (2017). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2016. Haber Bülteni, sayı 24644. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24644
47. TUİK (2019a). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2018. Haber Bülteni, sayı: 30699. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30699
48. TUİK (2019b). İşgücü İstatistikleri, Ekim 2018, Haber Bülteni, sayı 30680. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=30680
49. United Nations [UN] (2011). Current status of the social situation, well-being, participation in development and rights of older persons worldwide . Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations. A United Nations Electronic Publication, New York. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/ageing/documents/publications/current-status-older-persons.pdf [Erişim:28.06.2017].
50. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs [UN, DESA]. (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.241. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf. [Erişim:28.06.2017]
51. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, [UN, DESA]. (2017). Population Division World Population Prospects 2017 – Data Booklet (ST/ESA/SER.A/401). file:///Users/apple/Downloads/WPP2017-DataBooklet.pdf [Erişim:28.06.2017]
52. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe [UNECE]. (2013). Abuse of Older Persons. UNECE Policy Brief on Ageing, no.14, https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/pau/age/Policy_briefs/ECE-WG-14.pdf[Erişim:19.03.2019].
53. United Nations General Assembly (2015). A life of dignity for all: accelerating progress towards the millennium development goals and advancing the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015. Report of the Secretary-General https://www.unodc.org/documents/about-unodc/Post-2015-Development-Agenda/A_Life_of_Dignity_for_All1.pdf [Erişim:28.06.2017].
54. United Nations Population Fund & HelpAge International. (2012). Ageing in the twenty-first century: a celebration and a challenge, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), UK http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/publications/pid/11584 [Erişim:17.06.2017].
55. Wells, J. (2013). The neglected generation, the impact of displacement on older people. Publishing HelpAge International, UK.

Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Sema Oğlak 0000-0001-6981-0325
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2019 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Oğlak, S. (2019). YAŞLI SOSYAL REFAHININ KÜRESEL YAŞLANMA İZLEM ENDEKSİ YÖNÜNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESI VE TÜRKİYE YAŞLI SOSYAL REFAHININ GÖRÜNÜMÜ. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 12(2), 84-96.

Kapak Resmi İndir

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin