GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND CLIMATE-SMART URBAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF HYLLIE

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 473 - 502, 14.10.2023

Ömer Faruk Tekin

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1247978

Öz

Global climate change is one of the topics that the world is talking about more and more. It is accepted that the source of climate problems is human activities. So, the solution to the problem should start from the settlements where the population is concentrated. For this reason, the cities where most of the world's population live to stand out as the places where the problem and the solution begin. This study approaches the global climate change problem in terms of cities. The study primarily put emphasis on the role of cities in solving climate problems. The aim of the study is to define the concept of a climate-smart city and its components and to emphasize that climate-smart urban development and planning should rise on four components. The study focuses on an example of a climate-smart urban space project developed by the Municipality of Malmö in an area called Hyllie. In the study, the stages of a climate-smart urban development are analyzed by evaluating Malmö Municipality's policies, reports, plans, and programs regarding Hyllie.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Change, Climate-Smart City, Urban Development, Hyllie, Malmö

Kaynakça

• Anderson, T. (2014) “Malmo: A City in Transition”, Cities, 39: 10-20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.01.005. Carter, L. and Boukerche, S. (2020) “Catalyzing Private Sector Investment in Climate-Smart Cities”, Invest4Climate Knowledge Series, Washington, DC: World Bank, doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1112-9.
• Crnčević, T., Tubić, L. and Bakić, O. (2017) “Green Infrastructure Planning for Climate Smart and "Green" Cities”, Spatium (38): 35-41, Institute of Architecture, Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia, https://doi.org/10.2298/spat1738035C.
• Dhakal, S. (2008) “Climate Change and Cities: The Making of a Climate Friendly Future”, Urban Energy Transition, 173–192, doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-045341-5.00007-4.
• Dodman, D. (2009) “Blaming Cities for Climate Change? An Analysis of Urban Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories”, Environment and Urbanization, 21(1): 185–201, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247809103016. Hyllie (n.d.) “Bostäder”, http://www.hyllie.com/bostaeder.aspx, (29.07.2023).
• IFC (2018) “Climate Investment Opportunities in Cities - An IFC Analysis”, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group.
• IFRC (2020) “What is Climate-Smart Programming and how Do We Achieve It?”, The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), Climate Centre Report, https://www.climatecentre.org/wp-content/uploads/RCCC-Climate-smart-programming-03-2020-12OCT21-definitions.pdf, (21.10.2022).
• Galderisi, A. and Colucci, A. (2018) “Introduction”, In A. Galderisi and A. Colucci (Eds.), Smart, Resilient and Transition Cities: Emerging Approaches and Tools for A Climate-Sensitive Urban Development, pp. xvii-xiii, Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
• Kim, Kwi-Gon (2018) “Low-Carbon Smart Cities - Tools for Climate Resilience Planning”, The Urban Book Series, Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
• Malmö Stad (2009a) “Miljöprogram för Malmö Stad 2009 - 2020”, Miljöförvaltningen, Malmö.
• Malmö Stad (2009b) ”Energistrategi för Malmö December 2011”, Malmö Stadsbyggnadskontor, Malmö.
• Malmö Stad (2014) ”Översiktsplan för Södra Hyllie – Samrådsredogörelse”, Stadsbyggnadskontor, Malmö,https://malmo.se/download/18.6911ed17178b604e73f224f/1619016354884/F%C3%96P2036%20Samr%C3%A5dsredog%C3%B6relse.pdf, (22.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2015a) “Miljöprogram Hyllie Version 1”, Environmental Program Hyllie, Malmö.
• Malmö Stad (2015b) “Malmö’s Hyllie Climate Contract. A Public–Private Partnership for Smart City Solutions”, Environment Department, City of Malmö, http://smart-cities-centre.org/wp-content/uploads/Joakim-Nordqvist_2015-09-01-Malm%C3%B6-Climate-KIC_Nordic_Cities-pdf.pdf, (21.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2018a) “Översiktsplan för Södra Hyllie - Utlåtande efter Utställning”, Stadsbyggnadskontor, Malmö, https://malmo.se/download/18.6911ed17178b604e73f2243/1619015307660/F%C3%96P2036%20Utl%C3%A5tande%20efter%20utst%C3%A4llning.pdf, (24.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2018b) “Miljökonsekvensbeskrivning till Översiktsplan för Södra Hyllie - Fördjupning av Översiktsplan för Malmö Förslag till Antagandehandling”, https://malmo.se/download/18.6911ed17178b604e73f224d/1619016136217/MKB%20F%C3%96P%20S%C3%B6dra%20Hyllie%20Antagandehandling.pdf, (25.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2019a) “Planprogram för Västra Hyllie i Malmö (Pp 6052)”, Stadsbyggnadskontor, Malmö,https://malmo.se/download/18.63ff91a0177da8ae74328d5/1614768752646/Pp%206052%20Underlag%20till%20beg%C3%A4ran%20om%20planuppdrag.pdf, (22.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2019b) “Översiktsplan för Södra Hyllie - Fördjupning av Översiktsplan för Malmö”, Stadsbyggnadskontor, Malmö, https://malmo.se/download/18.5cfcb072178b60d6ed5244d/1619081063880/F%C3%96P_SHyllie_antagen_25april2019_kf.webb.pdf, (23.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2021a) “Hyllie”, https://malmo.se/Stadsutveckling/Stadsutvecklingsomraden/Hyllie.html, (21.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2021b) “Klimatarbetet i Hyllie”, https://malmo.se/Stadsutveckling/Stadsutvecklingsomraden/Hyllie/Klimatarbetet-i-Hyllie.html, (21.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2021c) “Dagvattenparken”, https://malmo.se/Uppleva-och-gora/Natur-och-parker/Parker-i-Malmo/Dagvattenparken.html, (21.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2021d) “Solkvarteren”, https://malmo.se/Stadsutveckling/Stadsutvecklingsomraden/Hyllie/Delomraden-och-projekt-i-Hyllie/Solkvarteren.html, (21.10.2022).
• Malmö Stad (2021e) “Skyfallsanpassning”, https://malmo.se/Stadsutveckling/Tema/Klimatanpassning/Skyfallsanpassning.html,(21.10.2022). Malmö Stad (2022) “2022 i Hyllie: Summering Och Framtida Perspektiv”, Hyllieträff FGK-SBK-VAsyd den 11 November.
• Malmö Stad (2023a) “Climate Smart Hyllie”, https://malmo.se/welcome-to-malmo/sustainable-malmo/sustainable-urban-development/hyllie/climate-smart-hyllie.html, (30.07.2023).
• Malmö Stad (2023b) “Utsläpp av växthusgaser” https://miljobarometern.malmo.se/klimat/utslapp-av-vaxthusgaser/, (31.07.2023)
• Malmö Stad, Lunds Kommun and Lunds Universitet (2009) “Miljöbyggprogram SYD Version 2009:1”, Environmental Construction Program 1.
• Malmö Stad, Lunds Kommun and Lunds Universitet (2012) “Miljöbyggprogram SYD Version 2”, Environmental Construction Program 2.
• Malmö Stad and VA SYD (2017) “Skyfallsplan för Malmö”, Antagen av Kommunstyrelsen 2017-03-01, Malmö. Malmö Stad, VA SYD and E-ON (2011) “Klimatkontrakt för Hyllie”, 17 February 2011, Malmö.
• Malmö Stad, VA SYD and E-ON (2015) “Climate-Smart Hyllie: Testing the solutions of tomorrow”, April 2015, Malmö.
• Mayor of London (2007) “Action Today to Protect Tomorrow: The Mayor’s Climate Change Action Plan, Executive Summary”, Greater London Authority.
• Mayor of London (2018) “London Environment Strategy”, Greater London Authority. McCoy, J. (2003) “Geo-data: The world geographical encyclopedia”, (John F. McCoy, project editor). (Third edition.), Detroit, USA: Thomson-Gale.
• Özkaya, S. Y. (2004) “Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi. T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı, 14, 15-21, https://www.mfa.gov.tr/yenilenebilir-enerji-kaynaklari.tr.mfa, (21.10.2022)
• Öztürk, H. H. (2017) “Güneş Enerjisinden Fotovoltaik Yöntemle Elektrik Üretiminde Güç Dönüşüm Verimi ve Etkili Etmenler”, TMMOB EMO, Elektrik Tesisat Ulusal Kongresi, 18–21 Ekim, İzmir, Türkiye.
• Parks, D. (2018) “The Sustainable City Becomes Climate-Smart: How Smart City Ideas Reshape Urban Environmental Governance”, PhD Dissertation, Linköping University Electronic Press, https://doi.org/10.3384/diss.diva-147310.
• Parks, D. (2020a) “Climate-Smart Cities: A Corporate Takeover of Urban Environmental Governance in Malmö?”, In Metzger, J., Lindblad, J. (Eds), Dilemmas of Sustainable Urban Development: A View from Practice (pp.160-175), New York, USA: Routledge.
• Parks, D. (2020b) “Promises and Techno - Politics: Renewable Energy and Malmö’s Vision of a Climate - Smart City”, Science as Culture, 29(3): 388-409, doi: 10.1080/09505431.2019.1705274.
• Romero Lankao, P. (2007) “How do Local Governments in Mexico City Manage Global Warming?”, Local Environment, 12(5): 519–535, doi:10.1080/13549830701656887.
• Saraiva Schott, A. B., Aspegren, H., Bissmont, M. and Jansen, J. L. C. (2013) “Modern Solid Waste Management in Practice - The City of Malmö Experience”, Springer Briefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, London, UK: Springer.
• Skanska (2022) “Solkvarteret, Malmö”, https://www.skanska.se/vart-erbjudande/vara-projekt/249726/Solkvarteret%2C-Malmo, (20.11.2022)
• Statistics Sweden (2023) ”Folkmängden per Församling 2022-12-31 Enligt Indelningen 2023-01-01”, https://www.scb.se/hittastatistik/sok/?query=befolkningperforsamling_from_2015_230223.xlsx&lang=sv, (29.07.2023)
• Statistics Sweden (2022) “Population Density Per Sq. Km by Region, Observations and Year”, https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101C/BefArealTathetKon/table/tableViewLayout1/, (28.07.2023).
• Sweden Green Building Council (2023) “Skanskas Hyllie Terrass i Malmö Klarar Branschens Tuffaste Hållbarhetscertifiering: Nya Nollco2”, https://www.sgbc.se/nyheter/skanskas-hyllie-terrass-i-malmo-klarar-branschens-tuffaste-hallbarhetscertifiering-nya-nollco2/, (30.07.2023)
• Tuğaç, Ç. (2019) “Türkiye’de Kentsel İklim Değişikliği için Eko- Kompakt Kentler”, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi. UN (2015) “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, (A/RES/70/1), https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf, (21.09.2022)
• UNEP (2011) “Environment and Disaster Risk: Emerging Perspectives”, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations, https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/7886, (21.10.2022).
• VA SYD (2021) “Villa- Och Radhusägare”, https://platsforvattnet.vasyd.se/villa-eller-radhusagare/, (20.11.2022).