Gen Füzyonlar ve Tiroid Kanseri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 85 - 92, 31.07.2024

Burcu Çelikel , Nihat Aksakal , Semen Önder , Gülçin Yegen , Ümit Zeybek

Öz

Tiroid kanseri, endokrin maligniteler arasında en yaygın
görülenidir. Tiroid kanserlerine özellikle tiroid nodülü
tespiti ve örneklemenin daha sıklıkla uygulandığı gelişmiş
ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde daha çok rastlanmaktadır.
Çoğu tiroid kanseri yavaş bir klinik tablosu sergilemesine
rağmen, artış gösteren insidansı tümör hücrelerinde bulunan onkojenik değişikliklerin araştırılmasını ve onları
hedefleyen tedavileri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Birçok
kanserde driver veya passenger mutasyonları olarak bilinen füzyon genleri, iki ya da daha fazla genin parçalarının birleşmesine yol açan kimerik genlerdir. Kromozomal
yeniden düzenlemelerin veya anormal transkripsiyonun
sonucu olarak oluşabilirler. Füzyon genleri, tiroid kanseri
ve çeşitli kanser türlerinin tanısı ve hedef ilaç belirlenebilmesi için yararlı biyobelirteçler olarak kabul edilmiş ve
tespit edilen değişiklikler klinikte hastaların hedefli tedavileri için uygulamaya alınmıştır. Gen füzyonu pozitif olan
hastaya uygun tirozin kinaz inhibitörü (TKI) ilaç tedavisi
başlanabilmektedir. Günümüzde çok sayıda TKI ajan küçük hücre dışı akciğer kanseri, tiroid kanseri ve melanoma
gibi çeşitli kanserlerde kullanılmaktadır. Hastalar böylelikle hedefli tedaviden yararlanabilmekte ve progresyonsuz sağkalım ve kaliteli yaşam süreci elde edilebilmektedir.
Bu derlemede tiroid kanserinde tespit edilen gen füzyonlarının açıklanması ve tirozin kinaz hedefli tedavilerin
öneminin vurgulanması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tiroid kanseri, gen füzyon, tirozin kinaz, hedefli tedavi, inhibitör

Kaynakça

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