A Retrospective Investigation of Child Sexual Abuse Cases

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 196 - 209, 09.08.2022

Nevin Uslu

Öz

Objective: This study examines child sexual abuse case files to determine characteristics of sexual abuse.
Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 142 child sexual abuse case files that were finalized from 2012 to
2017. The data were collected using a data collection form developed by the researcher based on literature. In the
analysis of data; descriptive statistics, chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used.
Results: The average age of 142 children who were exposed to sexual abuse was 13.3±3.4 years, 86.6% were
females, and mostly children aged between 13 and 18 were exposed to abuse. The average age of perpetrators was
28.5±13.2 years, 25.4% were children, and all of them were males. Only 10.6% of the children did not know the
perpetrator, and they were exposed to abuse mostly by friends/ex-boyfriends. Sexual abuse was found to happen
mostly in the perpetrator’s home, car, or office. Of all children, 50.7% were exposed to abuse more than once, 33.1%
were threatened and they were exposed to mostly penetrative sexual abuse (52.8%). Variables such as the
perpetrator’s age, the way the case was referred to court, and the number of abuses were found to be variables that
had effects on penetrative abuse, and they were found to be the factors that increased penetrative abuse risk.
Conclusion: In future, multicenter studies should be conducted to investigate types of child sexual abuse that does
not involve physical contact, and associate it with characteristics of children, families and perpetrators.
Keywords: Child, Child maltreatment, Child sexual abuse, Judicial cases

Anahtar Kelimeler

child, child maltreatment, child sexual abuse, judicial cases

Kaynakça

• Referans 1. World Health Organisation. (2003). Child sexual abuse, guidelines for medico-legal care for victims of sexual violence. Retrived from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42788/924154628X.pdf;jsessionid=46A31357D3978E8F5974199AC3CA66C8?sequence=1. Retrived date: 06.04.2017
• Referans 2. World Health Organisation. (2006). Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence. Retrived from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43499/9241594365_eng.pdf?sequence=1. Retrived date: 06.04.2017
• Referans 3. Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans‐Kranenburg MJ, Alink LR, & van IJzendoorn MH. The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta‐analyses. Child Abuse Review. 2015;24(1):37-50. doi:10.1002/car.2353
• Referans 4. TURKSTAT. (2020), Statistics of children coming to or brought to security unit, 2015-2019, Retrived from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Guvenlik-Birimine-Gelen-veya-Getirilen-Cocuk-Istatistikleri-2015-2019-33632. Retrived date: 12.11.2021
• Referans 5. Stoltenborgh M, Van Ijzendoorn MH, Euser EM, & Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment. 2011;16(2):79-101. doi:10.1177/1077559511403920
• Referans 6. World Health Organisation. (2020a). Child maltreatment, Retrived from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment. Retrived date: 17.10.2021
• Referans 7. Azzopardi C, Eirich R, Rash CL, MacDonald S, Madigan S. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of child sexual abuse disclosure in forensic settings. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2019; 93:291–304. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.020
• Referans 8. Scoglio AAJ, Kraus SW, Saczynski J, Jooma S, & Molnar BE. Systematic review of risk and protective factors for revictimization after child sexual abuse. Trauma, Violence & Abuse. 2021;22(1):41–53. doi:10.1177/1524838018823274
• Referans 9. Gewirtz-Meydan A, Finkelhor D. Sexual abuse and assault in a large national sample of children and adolescents. Child Maltreatment. 2020;25(2):203–214. doi:10.1177/1077559519873975
• Referans 10. World Health Organisation. (2020b). Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020: Country Profiles. Retrived from: https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/violence-prevention/global-status-report-on-violence-against-children-2020/gsrpvac-country-profiles. Retrived date: 13.11.2021
• Referans 11. Morais HB, Alexander AA, Fix RL, & Burkhart BR. Childhood sexual abuse in adolescents adjudicated for sexual offenses: mental health consequences and sexual offending behaviors. Sexual Abuse. 2018;30(1):23–42. doi:10.1177/1079063215625224
• Referans 12. Hailes HP, Yu R, Danese A, Fazel S. Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(10):830–839. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30286-X
• Referans 13. World Health Organisation. (2020c). Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020. Retrived from: https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/violence-prevention/global-status-report-on-violence-against-children-2020. Retrived date: 13.11.2021
• Referans 14. Children’s Working Group Report. (2018). Republic of Turkey ministry of development, eleventh development plan, 2019-2023, (Report No: KB: 3022-ÖİK:803, 2018). Republic of Turkey ministry of development. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Cocuk_ve_GenclikOzelIhtisasKomisyonuCocukCalismaGrubuRaporu.pdf. Retrived date: 24.01.2022
• Referans 15. Children at Risk Report in Turkey. (2019). Retrived from: https://www.tocev.org.tr/Uploads/Documents/TOCEV%20Rapor%5B2%5D.pdf?fp=2608929755. Retrived date: 22.01.2022
• Referans 16. ECPAT-Briefing Paper on the Sexual Exploitation of Children in Turkey. (2020), Retrived from: https://www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ECPAT-Briefing-Paper-on-the-Sexual-Exploitation-of-Children-in-Turkey-2020-TURKISH.pdf. Retrived date: 08.07.2021
• Referans 17. Kucuk S. Analyses of child sex abuse cases in Turkey: a provincial case. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2016;25(3):262-275. doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1153557
• Referans 18. Sofuoglu Z, Cankardas Nalbantcilar S, Oral R & Ince B. Case‐based surveillance study in judicial districts in Turkey: Child sexual abuse sample from four provinces. Child & Family Social Work. 2018;23(4):566-573. doi:10.1111/cfs.12427
• Referans 19. Finkelhor D, Shattuck A, Turner HA, Hamby SL. The lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse and sexual assault assessed in late adolescence. J Adolesc Health. 2014;55(3):329-333. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.026
• Referans 20. Kloppen K, Haugland S, Svedin CG, Mæhle M, Breivik K. Prevalence of child sexual abuse in the nordic countries: a literature review. J Child Sex Abus. 2016;25(1):37-55. doi:10.1080/10538712.2015.1108944
• Referans 21. Castro Á, Ibáñez J, Maté B, Esteban J, Barrada JR. Childhood sexual abuse, sexual behavior, and revictimization in adolescence and youth: a mini review. Front Psychol. 2019;10:2018. Published 2019 Aug 30. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02018
• Referans 22. Aydin B, Akbas S, Turla A, Dundar C, Yuce M, Karabekiroglu K. Child sexual abuse in Turkey: an analysis of 1002 cases. J Forensic Sci. 2015;60(1):61-65. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12566
• Referans 23. Walker HE, Freud JS, Ellis RA, Fraine SM, Wilson LC. The prevalence of sexual revictimization: a meta-analytic review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019;20(1):67-80. doi:10.1177/1524838017692364
• Referans 24. Ding R, Wen X, He P, et al. Association between childhood and adolescent sexual abuse experiences and high-risk sexual behaviors among Chinese youth. Sex Med. 2018;6(4):273-281. doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2018.08.004
• Referans 25. Walsh K, Zwi K, Woolfenden S, Shlonsky A. School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(4):CD004380. Published 2015 Apr 16. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004380.pub3
• Referans 26. Pereda N, Abad J, Guilera G. Lifetime Prevalence and Characteristics of Child Sexual Victimization in a Community Sample of Spanish Adolescents. J Child Sex Abus. 2016;25(2):142-158. doi:10.1080/10538712.2016.1123791
• Referans 27. Morrison SE, Bruce C, Wilson S. Children's Disclosure of Sexual Abuse: A systematic review of qualitative research exploring barriers and facilitators. J Child Sex Abus. 2018;27(2):176-194. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1425943
• Referans 28. Sivagurunathan M, Orchard T, MacDermid JC, Evans M. Barriers and facilitators affecting self-disclosure among male survivors of child sexual abuse: The service providers' perspective. Child Abuse Negl. 2019;88:455-465. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.015
• Referans 29. Stemple L, Flores A, Meyer IH. Sexual victimization perpetrated by women: Federal data reveal surprising prevalence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2017;34:302-311. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2016.09.007
• Referans 30. Erdogan A, Tufan E, Karaman MG, Atabek MS, Koparan C, Ozdemir E, Çetiner AB, Yurteri N, Öztürk Ü, Kurçer MA, Ankaralı H. Characteristic features of perpetrators of sexual abuse on children and adolescents in four different regions of Turkey. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;12:55-61. doi:10.5455/apd.291908
• Referans 31. Yektas C, Tufan AE, Büken B, Çetin NY, Yazici M. Evaluation of abuse and abuser’s features and risk factors associated with psychopathology in children and adolescents victimized by sexual abuse. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2018;19 (5):501-508. doi:10.5455/apd.291908
• Referans 32. Ajdukovic M, Susac N, Rajter M. Gender and age differences in prevalence and incidence of child sexual abuse in Croatia. Croat Med J. 2013;54(5):469-479. doi:10.3325/cmj.2013.54.469
• Referans 33. Isık Ü, Aktepe E, Si̇msek F, Akyıldız A, Yıldız A. Sociodemographic, clinical and family characteristics of victims of sexual abuse in a university hospital in Isparta province: 2014-2018. Suleyman Demirel University The Journal of Health Science. 2019;10(1):53-57. doi:10.22312/sdusbed.514228
• Referans 34. Boroughs MS, Valentine SE, Ironson GH, et al. Complexity of childhood sexual abuse: predictors of current post-traumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, substance use, and sexual risk behavior among adult men who have sex with men. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(7):1891-1902. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0546-9
• Referans 35. Radford L, Corral S, Bradley C, Fisher HL. The prevalence and impact of child maltreatment and other types of victimization in the UK: findings from a population survey of caregivers, children and young people and young adults. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(10):801-813. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.02.004