İnovasyon Faaliyetlerinde Kullanıcının Yeri Ve Çevrimiçi Kullanıcı İnovasyon Araçları

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 35 - 56, 15.04.2016

Burcu İlter , Banu Atrek İlayda İpek

https://doi.org/10.18657/yecbu.85726

Cited By: 3

Öz

Ekonominin birçok alanında, hem kullanıcı temelli inovasyonun hem de açık inovasyonun, geleneksel olarak firmaların kendi bünyelerinde gerçekleştirdikleri inovasyon faaliyetleri ile rekabet ettiğini ve onun yerini alabileceğini gösteren örnekler giderek artmaktadır. Bu durum göz önüne alındığında, kullanıcıların inovasyon sürecine dahil edilmesinin önemi anlaşılmaktadır. Bu süreçte, geleneksel araçların yanı sıra, çevrimiçi araçların da şirketler tarafından sıklıkla kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Ülkemizde yapılmış olan çalışma sayısının yetersiz olması ve konunun inovasyon çalışmalarının geleceği açısından önem taşıdığının düşünülmesi sebebiyle bu çalışmada, çevrimiçi kullanıcı inovasyon araçları hakkında detaylı bir literatür araştırmasına yer verilmiş ve Fortune ilk 500 Türkiye listesinde yer alan şirketlerin, kullanıcılarını inovasyon süreçlerine dahil ederken söz konusu araçları ne ölçüde kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, kullanıcılardan daha çok ürün fikri geliştirme aşamasında faydalanıldığını, şikayet kutuları, pazar istihbarat hizmetleri ve dilek öneri kutularının, firmalar tarafından en çok kullanılan çevrimiçi araçlar olduğunu ve çevrimiçi şikayet kutusu ve inovasyon araç takımları kullanımının sektörler arasında farklılık gösterdiği göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın ülkemizde çevrimiçi kullanıcı inovasyon araçlarına yönelik farkındalığı arttırması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kullanıcı temelli inovasyon, çevrimiçi inovasyon araçları, inovasyon, açık inovasyon

Kaynakça

• Baldwin, C., Von hippel E. (2011). Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation. Organization Science, 22 (6), 1399–1417. Doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1502864
• Bogers, M., Afuah, A., Bastian B. (2010). Users as Innovators: A Review, Critique, and Future Research 10.1177/0149206309353944 Journal of Management, 36 (4), 857–875. Doi:
• Bogers, M., West, J. (2012). Managing Distributed Innovation: Strategic Utilization of Open and User Innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 21 (1), 61–75. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8691.2011.00622.x
• Blohm, I., Bretschneider, U., Leimeister, J. M., Krcmar H. (2011). Does Collaboration among Participants Lead to Better Ideas in IT-based Idea Competitions? An Empirical Investigation. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 9 (2), 106- 122. Doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2010.157
• Bughin, J., Chui, M., Johnson B. (2008). The Next Step in Open Innovation. The McKinsey Quarterly, 4, 112–122. http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/operations/the_next_step_in_open_innovation
• Chesbrough, H. (2003). Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
• Chesbrough, H. (2004). Managing Open Innovation, Research Technology Management, 47 (1), 23- 26. http://cms.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/semcms/res_base/semcms_com_www/upload/home/store/ 2008/7/3/2979.pdf
• Christensen, C. M., Bower, J. L. (1996). Customer Power, Strategic Investment, and the Failure of Leading 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199603)17:3<197::AID-SMJ804>3.0.CO;2-U Management Journal, 17 (3), 197–218. Doi:
• Dahan, E., Srinivasan, V. (2000). The Predictive Power of Internet-Based Product Concept Testing Using Visual Depiction and Animation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17 (2), 99-109. Doi: 10.1111/1540-5885.1720099
• Davis, R. E. (1993). The Role of Market Research in the Development of New Consumer Products. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 10 (4), 309–317. Doi: 10.1111/1540- 5885.1040309
• Desouza, K. C., Awazu, Y., Sanjeev, J., Dombrowski, C., Papagari, S., Baloh, P., Kim, J. Y. (2008). Customer-Driven Innovation to be a Marketplace Leader, Let Your Customers Drive. Research https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233708193_Customer-Driven_Innovation Management, May-June,
• Djelassi, S., Decoopman I. (2013). Customers' Participation in Product Development through Crowdsourcing: Issues and Implications. Industrial Marketing Management, 42 (5), 683– 692. Doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.05.006
• Dodgson, M., Gann, D., Salter A. (2006). The Role of Technology in the Shift towards Open Innovation: The Case of Procter & Gamble. R&D Management, 36 (3), 333-346. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00429.x
• Ebner, W., Leimeister, M., Bretschneider, U., Krcmar, H. (2008). Leveraging the Wisdom of Crowds: Designing an IT-supported Ideas Competition for an ERP Software Company. Proceedings of the 41st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
• Enkel, E., Gassmann O. (2008). Driving Open Innovation in the Front End. Working Paper, University of St. Gallen and Zeppelin University, St. Gallen and Friedrichshafen.
• Enkel, E., Gassmann, O., Chesbrough, H. (2009). Open R&D and Open Innovation: Exploring the Phenomenon. 9310.2009.00570.x Management, 39 (4), 311-316. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467
• Flowers, S., Von hippel, E., Jong, J., Sinozic, T. (2010). Product development by 3mm UK Consumers: A First Representative Survey. Working Paper, MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA.
• Franke, N., Von hippel, E. (2003). Satisfying Heterogeneous User Needs via Innovation Toolkits: The Case of Apache Security Software. Research Policy, 32 (7), 1199-1215. Doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00049-0
• Fuchs, C., Schreier, M. (2011). Customer Empowerment in New Product Development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28 (1), 17–32. Doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00778.x
• Füller, J., Bartl, M., Ernst, H., Mühlbacher, H. (2006). Community based Innovation: How to Integrate Members of Virtual Communities into New Product Development. Electronic Commerce Research, 6 (1), 57–73. Doi: 10.1007/s10660-006-5988-7
• Füller, J., Mühlbacher, H., Matzler, K., Jaweck, G. (2009). Consumer Empowerment through Internet-Based Co-creation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 26 (3), 71–102. Doi: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222260303
• Füller, J., Hutter, K., Hautz, J., Matzler, K. (2014). User Roles and Contributions in Innovation- Contest Communities. Journal of Management Information Systems, 31 (1), 273–307. Doi: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222310111
• Gulati, R., Norhia, N., Zahere, A. (2000). Strategic Networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 203–215. Doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<203::AID-SMJ102>3.0.CO;2-K
• Henard, D. H., Szymanski, D. M. (2001). Why Some New Products are More Successful than Others. 10.1509/jmkr.38.3.362.18861 of Marketing Research, 38 (3), 362–375. Doi:
• Hienerth, C., Von hippel, E., Jensen, M. B. (2014). User Community vs. Producer Innovation Development Efficiency: A First Empirical Study. Research Policy, 43 (1), 190– 201. Doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2013.07.010
• Hoyer, W. D., Chandy, R., Dorotic, M., Krafft M., Singh, S. S. (2010). Consumer Cocreation in New Product Development. Journal of Service Research, 13 (3), 283-296. Doi: 10.1177/1094670510375604
• Iansiti, M., Levien, R. (2004). Strategy as Ecology. Harvard Business Review, March, 1–10. https://hbr.org/2004/03/strategy-as-ecology/ar/1
• Kaynak, R., Maden, M. O. (2012). İnovasyonda Sınırların Genişlemesi: Açık İnovasyon. Ekonomik ve http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/esad/article/download/1068000239/1068000473
• Kleemann, F., Voß, G. G., Rieder, K. (2008). Un(der) paid Innovators: The Commercial Utilization of Consumer Work Through Crowdsourcing. Science, Technology & Innovation Studies, 4 (1), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242695575_UnderPaid_Innovators_The_Comm ercial_Utilization_of_Consumer_Work_through_Crowdsourcing
• Lakhani, K. R., Panetta J. A. (2007). The Principles of Distributed Innovation. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 2 (3), 97-112. Doi: 10.1162/itgg.2007.2.3.97
• Nambisan, S. (2002). Designing Virtual Customer Environments for New Product Development: Toward a Theory. Academy of Management Review, 27 (3), 392-413. Doi: 10.5465/AMR.2002.7389914
• O’hern, M. S., Rindfleisch A. (2008). Customer Cocreation: A Typology And Research Agenda. Working Paper 4, WisconsInnovation Thoughts on Innovation from the Wisconsin School of Business.
• Prandelli, E., Verona, G., Raccagni, D. (2006). Diffusion of Web-based Product Innovation. California Management Review, 48 (4), 109–35. Doi: 10.2307/41166363
• Piller, F. T., Walcher D. (2006). Toolkits for Idea Competitions: A Novel Method to Integrate Users in New Product Development. R&D Management, 36 (3), 307-318. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467- 9310.2006.00432.x
• Prahalad, C. K., Ramaswamy, V. (2004). The Future of Competition: Co-creating Unique Value with Customers. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
• Poetz, M. K., Schreier, M. (2012). The Value of Crowdsourcing: Can Users Really Compete with Professionals in Generating New Product Ideas?. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29 (2), 245–256. Doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00893.x
• Reichwald, R., Seifert, S., Walcher, D., Piller, F. T. (2004). Customers as Part of Value Webs: Towards a Framework for Webbed Customer Innovation Tools. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
• Ryzhkova, N., Bengtsson, L. (2013). Managing Online Users in Open Innovation: The Case of a Nordic Telecom Company. Communications & Strategies, Mar. 89, 37–53. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2378246
• Sawhney, M., Verona, G., Prandelli, E. (2005). Collaborating to Create: The Internet as a Platform for Customer Engagement in Product Innovation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 19 (4), 4-17. Doi: 10.1002/dir.20046
• Seyfettinoğlu, Ü. K., Taşdoğan, C. (2014). Açık İnovasyon ve Firma Performans İlişkisi: Türkiye Gıda ve İçecek Sanayi Örneği. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 29 (338), 09-38. Doi: 10.3848/iif.2014.338.4041
• Thomke, S., Von hippel E. (2002). Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value. Harvard Business Review, April, 5-11. Doi: 10.1225/R0204F
• Vargo, S. L., Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68 (1), 1–17. Doi: 10.1509/jmkg.68.1.1.24036
• Von hippel, E. (1976). The Dominant Role of Users in the Scientific Instrument Innovation Process. Research Policy, 5(3), 212-239. Doi: 10.1016/0048-7333(76)90028-7
• Von hippel, E. (1988). The Sources of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Von hippel, E. (1998). Economics of Product Development by Users: The Impact of “Sticky” Local Information. Management Science, 44 (5), 629-644. Doi: 10.1287/mnsc.44.5.629
• Von hippel, E. (2001). Perspective: User Toolkits for Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18 (4), 247–257. Doi: 10.1016/S0737-6782(01)00090-X
• Von hippel, E. (2002). Open Source Projects as Horizontal Innovation Networks by and for Users. Working Paper, MIT Sloan School of Management.
• Von hippel, E., Katz, R. (2002). Shifting Innovation to Users via Toolkits. Management Science, 48 (7), 821-833. Doi: 10.1287/mnsc.48.7.821.2817
• Von hippel, E. (2005). Democratizing Innovation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Von hippel, E., Jin, C. (2008). The Major Shift towards User-centred Innovation: Implications for China's Innovation Policymaking. Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China, 1 (1),16 – 27. Doi: 10.1108/17561410910912896
• Whitla, P. (2009). Crowdsourcing and Its Application in Marketing Activities. Contemporary Management Research, 5 (1), 15-28. Doi: 10.7903/cmr.1145
• Yiğit, S., Aras M. (2012). Bir Açık İnovasyon Aracı Olarak ‘Crowdsourcing’ ve Üniversitelerde Uygulanabilirliği-Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi İİBF Örneği. Süleyman Demirel
• Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (3), 485-508.
• http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/sduiibfd/article/download/5000122198/5000112503