THE ANALYSIS OF THE HUNGARIAN GOVERNMENT’S DISCOURSE TOWARDS THE MIGRANT CRISIS: A COMBINATION OF SECURITIZATION AND EUROSCEPTICISM

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 857 - 876, 27.12.2017

Önder Canveren , Fulya Akgül Durakçay

https://doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.307339

Cited By: 4

Öz

Since
the Syrian crisis, migration has emerged as a rising and permanent discussion
of European politics that has both created diversity and caused obstacles in the
attitudes and policy orientations across the member states. In addition, the
migrant crisis opened a space for Eurosceptic actors to exploit it as an issue for
politicization and securitization. Eurosceptic discourse has framed
the migrant crisis as a threat to national, economic, cultural and internal
security, bringing its securitization aspect into question. In this respect,
new security measures, such as border controls and detention, and a discourse
that employs anti-migration themes have become visible in many member states. The focus of this study is to analyse Hungary’s
overall position and policy orientations towards the crisis in order to deconstruct
its main messages, identify the interlocutors and the reasons behind particular
perspectives. In this descriptive content analysis, more than 160 official
documents have been thoroughly examined. It was observed that in opposition to
the European migration governance, Hungary has gone through a securitizing
discourse as the first theme. The second theme is that due to Brussels’ policy
preferences, which are characterized to be anti-democratic and unlawful, and believed to have created a civilization
disaster, Budapest has exhibited a Eurosceptic stance. Hungary’s overall
position and policy orientations towards the migrant crisis are concluded to be
the combination of securitization and Euroscepticism. Accordingly in the last
theme, Hungary’s proposed solution to the migrant crisis, which was framed as a
threat, is “stopping” it by initiating new security measures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Securitization, Migration, Euroscepticism, Hungary, European Union

MACARİSTAN HÜKÜMETİNİN GÖÇMEN KRİZİNE YÖNELİK SÖYLEMLERİNİN ANALİZİ: AVRUPA ŞÜPHECİLİĞİ VE GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRMENİN BİR BİRLEŞİMİ

Öz

Suriye krizinden günümüze, üye devletler arasında hem tutum, hem de
politika yönelimlerinde çeşitliliğe ve engellere yol açan göç konusu; Avrupa
siyasetinin artan daimi tartışma konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Göçmen
krizi, Avrupa şüpheci aktörlerin konuyu siyasallaştırma ve güvenlikleştirme
meselesi olarak kullanabilecekleri bir alan yaratmıştır. Avrupa şüpheci söylem;
güvenlikleştirme boyutunu gündeme getirerek, göçmen krizini ulusal, ekonomik,
kültürel ve iç güvenliğe bir tehdit olarak çerçevelendirmektedir. Bu hususta,
sınır kontrolleri ve alıkoyma gibi yeni güvenlik önlemleri ile göç karşıtı
temaları kullanan söylemler, Macaristan gibi bazı üye ülkelerde görünür hale
gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın odak noktası; ana mesajları, ana kararları ve arkasındaki
nedenleri anlamak adına Macaristan’ın krize karşı genel pozisyonu ve politika
yönelimlerini analiz etmektir. Betimleyici tutum analizinde 160’tan fazla resmi
belgenin içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Macaristan’ın, Avrupa göç yönetişiminin
aksine, ilk tema olarak güvenlikleştirici bir söyleme gittiği görülmektedir. İkinci
tema ise; antidemokratik ve hukuka aykırı olmakla suçladığı ve uygarlık
felaketiyle sonuçlanacağını ileri sürdüğü politika tercihleri nedeniyle Brüksel’e
karşı Budapeşte’nin Avrupa şüpheci bir duruş sergilemesidir. Bir diğer
ifadeyle, göçmen krizine karşı genel Macar pozisyonu ve politika yönelimlerinin,
güvenlikleştirme ve Avrupa şüpheciliğin bir birleşimi olduğu sonucuna
varılmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak son temada, Macaristan’ın tehdit olarak
resmettiği göçmen krizi için önerdiği çözüm, yeni güvenlik önlemleri alarak
krizi “durdurmaktır”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güvenlikleştirme, Göç, Avrupa Şüpheciliği, Macaristan, Avrupa Birliği

Kaynakça

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