FOUR HORSEMEN OF THE APOCALYPSE: MARX, WEBER, SCHUMPETER, AND POLANYI

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 111 - 124, 30.12.2018

Hüseyin Özel

Öz

This paper aims at understanding the unstable character of the capitalist society, by drawing upon some respective work of Marx, Weber, Schumpeter, and Polanyi. All four, it is argued, share similar visions towards capitalism and contend that the working of capitalism undermines its own institutional structure. The paper advances three theses: all four thinkers conceive human history as displaying both human self expression and the loss of freedom due to increasing rationalization and alienation; according to them capitalism creates both the preconditions of self-realization and rationalization at once; and they also believe that the very success of capitalism is the basic cause of its failure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Marx, Polanyi, Weber, Schumpeter, Alienation, Iron cage, creative destruction, double movement

Kıyametin Dört Atlısı: Marx, Weber, Schumpeter ve Polanyi

Öz

Bu makale, kapitalizmin istikrarsız doğasını, Marx, Weber, Schumpeter ve Polanyi'nin çalışmaları üzerinden anlama amacını gütmektedir. Yazıda, bu dört düşünürün, kapitalizme ilişkin benzer vizyonlara sahip oldukları ve kapitalizmin işleyişinin kendi kurumsal yapısının altını oyduğuna inandıkları ileri sürülmektedir. Makale, üç tezi ileri sürmektedir. Bu düşünürler insanlık tarihinin hem kendi kendisini ortaya koyma hem de giderek artan rasyonelleşme ve yabancılaşma yüzünden özgürlük yitimi süreci olduğunu; kapitalizmin hem insanın kendini gerçekleştirme hem de rasyonelleşmesinin koşullarını yarattığını; kapitalizmin başarısızlığının asıl nedeninin onun başarısı olduğunu savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Marx, Polanyi, Weber, Schumpeter, Yabancılaşma, demir kafes, yaratıcı yıkım

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