TÜRKİYE İLE LİBYA ARASINDA DENİZCİLİK ALANINDA İŞBİRLİĞİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 137 - 146, 30.11.2021

Ergün Demırel

Öz

Türkiye MENA Bölgesinde özellikle de Doğu Akdeniz’de önemli bir aktördür. Petrol yatakları olmamasına rağmen, bölgenin gelişmiş ülkelerinden biridir. Bölge ülkeleri ile tarihsel ve kültürel bağları vardır. Libya ise Dünyanın önemli petrol yataklarına sahip bir ülkedir ve kısıtlı sanayisi ve tarımı ile dışa bağımlıdır. 2011 yılından bu yana iç huzursuzluk ve savaş ortamı süren bu ülkede Fransa, Mısır, Yunanistan, İtalya, Kıbrıs (Rum Yönetimi), Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri ülkenin Batısına hâkim olan Ulusa Mutabakat Hükümetine, Türkiye, Katar ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ise Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından tanınan Libya Ulusal Ordusuna destek sağlamaktadır. Bu durumun sonsuza kadar devam etmesi beklenemez. Yakın bir gelecekte Libya’da bir mutabakat sağlanarak düzenin sağlanması kaçınılmazdır. Bundan sonra da iç savaş nedeniyle tahrip olan Libya’nın yeniden imarı başlayacaktır. Bu da inşaat malzemeleri başta olmak üzere binlerce ton malzemenin Libya’ya deniz yolu ile taşınmasını gerektirecektir.
Bu araştırmanın amacı limanların geliştirilmesi de dâhil olmak üzere Libya’da yapılacak muhtemel ekonomik faaliyetleri ve bu amaçla yapılacak deniz ulaştırmasının kapsamını değerlendirerek, Türkiye ile Libya arasındaki denizcilik konusunda işbirliği imkânlarını ortaya koymaktır.
Bu araştırma iki ülkenin politik, ekonomik, sosyokültürel, askeri ilişkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve bunun sonucu olarak denizcilik alanında sürdürülebilir işbirliği sahalarının belirlenmesi başlayacaktır. Bilahare belirlenen işbirliği sahaları arı ayrı irdelenerek sonuçlara ulaşılacak ve bu konuda öneriler sunulacaktır.
Araştırmanın Türk-Libya ilişkileri konusunda diğer alanlarda araştırma yapanlara da bir kaynak teşkil edeceğine inanılmaktadır.

Turkey is an important actor in MENA region especially in the Eastern Mediterranean. Although it does not have oil sources, Turkey is one of the developing countries of the region. It has historical and cultural ties with all countries in the region. Libya, on the other hand, is a country with significant oil deposits in the world and is dependent on foreign countries with its limited industry and agriculture. Since the year 2011 civil unrest and war continue in this country. While France, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Cyprus (Greek Cypriot Administration), United Arab Emirates support the Nation Reconciliation Government at the West, Turkey, Qatar and the United States give provide support to the Libyan National Army recognized by the United Nations. This situation cannot be expected to continue forever. It is inevitable to achieve order by reaching a consensus in Libya in the near future. After that, the reconstruction of Libya, which was destroyed by the civil war, will begin. This will require the transportation of thousands of tons of materials, especially construction materials, to Libya by sea.
The aim of this research is to evaluation of possible economic activities and development in Libya, in the near future and defining the scope of maritime transport will be realized for this purpose. Finally, assessing the sustainable cooperation areas in shipping field between Libya and Turkey.
This research will begin to evaluate the political, economic, sociocultural and military relations of the two countries and as a result, to identify possible areas of cooperation in the maritime field. Afterwards, the determined cooperation areas will be examined separately to identify the results and suggestions will be presented.
It is believed that the research will also constitute a resource for the researchers in other fields on Turkish-Libyan relations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

TÜRKİYE LİBYA İLİŞKİLERİ, DENİZCİLİK ALANINDA İŞBİRLİĞİ, MENA SAHASINDA İŞBİRLİĞİ, LIBYA TURKEY RELATIONS, COOPERATION ON SHIPPING, COOPERATION IN MENA AREA

Kaynakça

• Abmdas M. (2018). Study on Development of Benghazi Port, Unpublished Doctorate Thesis, Piri Reis University
• Abmdas M. and Demirel E. (2018). A Preliminary Study on Development Port of Benghazi, International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR) 5(19) Follow journal March 2018 DOI: 10.26450/jshsr.398 AK Parti. 2012. 2023 Siyasi Vizyonu: Siyaset, Toplum, Dünya [Political Vision 2023: Politics, Society, World]. Ankara: AK Parti Genel Merkezi. https://www.akparti.org.tr/site/akparti/2023-siyasi-vizyon (Entered 13 July 2020)
• Bichou K., Lai K.H., Lun Y.H.V., Cheng T.C.E., (2007). A quality management framework for the liner shipping companies to implement the 24 hour advance vessel manifest rule. Transport Journal 46(1):5–2
• ETKB (2017). 2015-2019 Stratejik Planı [Strategic Plan of 2015-2019]. Ankara: Enerji veTabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı. Accessed: 20 October 2019. https://sp.enerji.gov.tr/ETKB_2015_2019_Stratejik_Plani.pdf. (Entered 13 July 2020)
• Foreign Affairs, Nikos Kotzias, at the 3rd Rhodes Conference for Security and Stability. 22 June. 2018 https://www.mfa.gr/en/currentaffairs/top-story/opening-speech-of-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-nikos-kotzias-atthe-3rd-rhodes-conference-for-security-and-stability-rhodes-21-june-2018.html. (Entered 20 July 2020)
• Hellenic Republic-Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2018a). Press Conference of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Kotzias, following the proceedings of the 3rd Rhodes Conference for Security and Stability. 23 June. 2018 https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/top-story/press-conference-of-the-ministerof-foreign-affairs-kotzias-following-the-proceedings-of-the-3rd-rhodes-conferencefor-security-and-stability-rhodes-22-june-2018.html (Entered 20 July 2020)
• Hellenic Republic-Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2018b). Opening Speech of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/top-story/opening-speech-of-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-nikos-kotzias-at-the-3rd-ministerial-meeting-between-greece-albania-bulgaria-and-the-former-yugoslav-republic-of-macedonia-thessaloniki-3-4-may-2018.html (Entered 20 July 2020)
• Izmir Ticaret Odası (Izmir Chamber of Shipping) (2019).Libya Ülke Raporu https://silo.tips/download/zmr-tcaret-odasi-lbya-lke-raporu (Entered 28 July 2020) Işeri E.and Bartan A.Ç. (2019).Turkey’s Geostrategic Vision and Energy Concerns in the Eastern Mediterranean Security Architecture: A View from Ankara , The New Geopoliticsof the Eastern Mediterranean: Trilateral Partnerships and Regional Security Edited by: Zenonas Tziarras, ISSN: 978-82-7288-966-0 (print) 978-82-7288-967-7 (online) 114-115
• Libya Political Situation (2020) https://www.yandex.com.tr/search/?text=Libya%20politikal%20situauion&clid=2411726&lr=11508 (Entered 30 July 2020)
• Lun Y.H.V., Lai K., Cheng T.C.E., (2010). Shipping and Logistics Management, Springer, London ISBN 978-1-84882-996-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-997-8
• Lun Y.H.V., Wong WYC, Lai KH, Cheng TCE (2009). Port Development., Shipping and Logistics Management. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-997-8_16
• Lun Y.H.V., Wong WYC, Lai KH, Cheng TCE, (2008). Institutional perspective on the adoption of technology for security enhancement of container transport. Transport Rev 28(1):21–33
• MFA (2019). Sorumluluk ve Vizyon: 2014 Yılına Girerken Türk Dış Politikası [Responsibility and Vision: Turkish Foreign Policy entering 2014, Ankara: TBMM Genel Kurulu. http://sam.gov.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2013/12/sorumlulukvevizyon-2014.pdf. (Entered 13 July 2020)
• Notteboom T.E., Rodrigue J.P., (2005). Port regionalization: towards a new phase in port development, Merit Policy Management 32(3):297–31Turkish Embasy in Trablus (2018). Libyan Economy http://www.mfa.gov.tr/libya-ekonomisi.tr.mfa (Entered 28 July 2020)
• Tziarras Z. (2019). Cyprus’s foreign Policy in The Eastern Mediterranean and the trilateral Partnerships: A Neoclassical Realist Approach, The New Geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean: Trilateral Partnerships and Regional Security Edited by: Zenonas Tziarras, ISSN: 978-82-7288-966-0 (print) 978-82-7288-967-7 (online) 77-78
• Ugboma C, Ugboma O, Damachi B (2009), A comparative assessment of service quality perspectives and satisfaction in ports: evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Shipping Transportation Logistics 1(2):172–193
• Wikipedia (2020a). Libyan Civil War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2011) (Entered 20 July 2020)
• Wikipedia (2020b). Libyan Civil War (2014 – Present) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2014-Present) (Entered 20 July 2020)
• World Bank (2020b). World Bank in Libya, Turkey Economy 16 April 2020 https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey/overview (Entered 29 July 2020)
• World Bank (2020a). World Bank in Libya, Libyan Economy 01 May 2020 https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/libya/overview (Entered 29 July 2020)