Araştırma Makalesi
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İntiharın Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri: Panel Veri Analizi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 21.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.51803/yssr.1146860

Öz

İntihar, dünya çapında önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmuş ve sosyoekonomik faktörler ile intihar oranları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için artan sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyoekonomik faktörlerin yaşa göre ayarlanmış, erkekler, kadınlar ve gençlerde intihar oranlarını etkileyip etkilemediğini tespit etmektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için 1996-2015 dönemi için 47 ülkeye ait yıllık verileri kullanılmıştır. Panel veri ekonometrik analizinden elde edilen sonuçlar, işsizlik, doğurganlık, alkol tüketimi, boşanma, kadınların çalışma oranlarının intihar oranları üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aldwin, C. M., & Revenson, T. A. (1986). Vulnerability to economic stress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(2), 161–175. [CrossRef]
  • Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 650–666. [CrossRef]
  • Andrés, A. R. (2005). Income inequality, unemployment and suicide: A panel data analysis of 15 European countries. Applied Economics, 37(4), 439–451. [CrossRef]
  • Bierman, A., Fazio, E. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2006). A multifaceted approach to the mental health advantage of the married: Assessing how explanations vary by outcome measure and unmarried group. Journal of Family Issues, 27(4), 554–582. [CrossRef]
  • Brainerd, E. (2001). Economic reform and mortality in the former Soviet Union: A study of the suicide epidemic in the 1990s. European Economic Review, 45(4–6), 1007–1019. [CrossRef]
  • Breed, W., Gibbs, J. P., & Martin, W. T. (1965). Status Integration and Suicide: A Sociological Study. American Sociological Review, 30(1), 151. [CrossRef]
  • Breitung, J. (2000). The local power of some unit root tests for panel data. Advances in Econometrics, 15, 161–177.
  • Breuer, C. (2015). Unemployment and suicide mortality: Evidence from regional panel data in Europe. Health Economics (United Kingdom), 24(8), 936–950. [CrossRef]
  • Brown, S., Taylor, K., & Wheatley Price, S. (2005). Debt and distress: Evaluating the psychological cost of credit. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(5), 642–663. [CrossRef]
  • Burr, J. A., McCall, P. L., & Powell-Griner, E. (1997). Female labor force participation and suicide. Social Science and Medicine, 44(12), 1847–1859. Chang, S. S., Sterne, J. A. C., Huang, W. C., Chuang, H. L., & Gunnell, D. (2010). Association of secular trends in unemployment with suicide in Taiwan, 1959-2007: A time-series analysis. Public Health, 124(1), 49–54. [CrossRef]
  • Chang, T., Cai, Y., & Chen, W. Y. (2017). Are suicide rate fluctuations transitory or permanent? Panel KSS unit root test with a fourier function through the sequential panel selection method. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 20(3), 5–17.
  • Chen, J., Choi, Y. J., Mori, K., Sawada, Y., & Sugano, S. (2012). Socio-economic studies on suicide: A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 26(2), 271–306. [CrossRef]
  • Chen, V. C. H., Chou, J. Y., Lai, T. J., & Lee, C. T. C. (2010). Suicide and unemployment rate in Taiwan, a population-based study, 1978-2006. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45(4), 447–452. [CrossRef]
  • Chen, Y. Y., Chen, M., Lui, C. S. M., & Yip, P. S. F. (2017). Female labour force participation and suicide rates in the world. Social Science and Medicine, 195, 61–67. [CrossRef]
  • Chuanc, H. L., & Huang, W. C. (1997). Economic and social correlates of regional suicide rates: A pooled cross-section and time-series analysis. Journal of Socio-Economics, 26(3), 277–289. [CrossRef]
  • Chuang, H. L., & Huang, W. C. (2007). A re-examination of the suicide rates in Taiwan. Social Indicators Research, 83(3), 465–485. [CrossRef]
  • Classen, T. J., & Dunn, R. A. (2011). Suicide, social integration and fertility rates. Applied Economics Letters, 18(11), 1011–1014. [CrossRef]
  • Davis, M. B. (1981). Quaternary history and the stability of forest communities. Forest Succession, Springer, 132–153. [CrossRef]
  • Debelle, G. (2004). Household Debt and the Macroeconomy. BIS Quarterly Review, 51–64.
  • DeFina, R., & Hannon, L. (2015). The changing relationship between unemployment and suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45(2), 217–229. [CrossRef]
  • Durkheim, E. (1897). Suicide, a study in sociology, Simpson G, (Ed,), (Translation ed. Spaulding, G.), Routledge.
  • Fernquist, R. M., & Cutright, P. (1998). Societal Integration and Age-Standardized Suicide Rates in 21 Developed Countries, 1955-1989. Social Science Research, 27(2), 109–127.
  • Fountoulakis, K. N., Gonda, X., Dome, P., Theodorakis, P. N., & Rihmer, Z. (2014). Possible delayed effect of unemployment on suicidal rates: The case of Hungary. Annals of General Psychiatry, 13(1), 12 [CrossRef]
  • Graham, K., & Schmidt, G. (1999). Alcohol use and psychosocial well-being among older adults. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60(3), 345–351. [CrossRef]
  • Hadri, K. (2000). Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data. The Econometrics Journal, 3(2), 148–161.
  • Haider Shamaila Ijaz, & Ijaz Haider. (2002). Deliberate self-poisoning (unemployment and debt). Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 18(2), 122-125.
  • Hamermesh, D. S., & Soss, N. M. (1974). An Economic Theory of Suicide. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 83–98. [CrossRef]
  • Harris, R. D. F., & Tzavalis, E. (1999). Inference for unit roots in dynamic panels where the time dimension is fixed. Journal of Econometrics, 91(2), 201–226. [CrossRef]
  • Hatcher, S. (1994). Debt and deliberate self-poisoning. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 111–114. [CrossRef]
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification Tests in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251–1271. [CrossRef]
  • Hintikka, J., Kontula, O., Saarinen, P., Tanskanen, A., Koskela, K., & Viinamäki, H. (1998). Debt and suicidal behaviour in the Finnish general population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 98(6), 493–496. [CrossRef]
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53–74. [CrossRef]
  • Jalles, J. T., & Andresen, M. A. (2015). The social and economic determinants of suicide in Canadian provinces. Health Economics Review, 5(1), 1–13. [CrossRef]
  • Jungeilges, J., & Kirchgässner, G. (2002). Economic welfare, civil liberty, and suicide: An empirical investigation. Journal of Socio-Economics, 31(3), 215–231. [CrossRef]
  • Klingemann, H., & Gmel, G. (2001). Introduction: Social consequences of alcohol — the forgotten dimension? In Mapping the Social Consequences of Alcohol Consumption, Springer, 1–9. [CrossRef]
  • Laanani, M., Ghosn, W., Jougla, E., & Rey, G. (2015). Impact of unemployment variations on suicide mortality in Western European countries (2000-2010). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(2), 103–109.
  • Leenaars, A. A., & Lester, D. (1999). Domestic integration and suicide in the provinces of Canada. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 20(2), 59–63. Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. [CrossRef]
  • Lester, D., & Abe, K. (1998). The suicide rate by each method in japan: A test of durkheim’s theory of suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 4(3), 281–285. [CrossRef]
  • Lester, D., & Yang, B. (1992). Fertility and Suicide Rates: A Time Series Analysis in the United States. Journal of Biosocial Science, 24(1), 97–102. [CrossRef]
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1–24. [CrossRef]
  • Lin, Y. H., & Chen, W. Y. (2018). Does unemployment have asymmetric effects on suicide rates? Evidence from the United States: 1928–2013. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 31(1), 1404–1417. [CrossRef]
  • Lorenz, F. O., Wickrama, K. A. S., Conger, R. D., & Elder, G. H. (2006). The short-term and decade-long effects of divorce on women’s midlife health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47(2), 111–125.
  • Luo, F., Florence, C. S., Quispe-Agnoli, M., Ouyang, L., & Crosby, A. E. (2011). Impact of business cycles on US suicide rates, 1928-2007. American Journal of Public Health, 101(6), 1139–1146. [CrossRef]
  • Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple Roles and Role Strain: Some Notes on Human Energy, Time and Commitment. American Sociological Review, 42(6), 921. [CrossRef]
  • McLaughlin, K. A., Nandi, A., Keyes, K. M., Uddin, M., Aiello, A. E., Galea, S., & Koenen, K. C. (2012). Home foreclosure and risk of psychiatric morbidity during the recent financial crisis. Psychological Medicine, 42(7), 1441–1448. [CrossRef]
  • Meltzer, H., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Jenkins, R., McManus, S., & Dennis, M. S. (2011). Personal debt and suicidal ideation. Psychological Medicine, 41(4), 771–778.
  • Milner, A., Hjelmeland, H., Arensman, E., & Leo, D. De. (2013). Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles. Sociology Mind, 03(02), 137–148. [CrossRef]
  • Milner, A., McClure, R., & De Leo, D. (2012). Socio-economic determinants of suicide: An ecological analysis of 35 countries. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(1), 19–27. [CrossRef]
  • Morgan, H. G., Burns Cox, C. J., Pocock, H., & Pottle, S. (1975). Deliberate self harm: clinical and socio economic characteristics of 368 patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 127(12), 564–574. [CrossRef]
  • Nemtsov, A. (2003). Suicides and alcohol consumption in Russia, 1965-1999. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 71(2), 161–168. [CrossRef]
  • Neumayer, E. (2004). Recessions lower (some) mortality rates: Evidence from Germany. Social Science and Medicine, 58(6), 1037–1047. [CrossRef]
  • Noh, Y. H. (2009). Does unemployment increase suicide rates? The OECD panel evidence. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(4), 575–582. [CrossRef]
  • Nordt, C., Warnke, I., Seifritz, E., & Kawohl, W. (2015). Modelling suicide and unemployment: A longitudinal analysis covering 63 countries, 2000-11. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(3), 239–245. [CrossRef]
  • Norström, T., & Grönqvist, H. (2015). The great recession, unemployment and suicide. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(2), 110–116. [CrossRef]
  • Pesaran, M. H., Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. P. (1999). Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 621–634. [CrossRef]
  • Razvodovsky, Y. (2011). Alcohol consumption and suicide rates in Russia. Suicidology Online, 2, 67–74.
  • Razvodovsky, Y. E. (2009). Beverage-specific alcohol sale and suicide in Russia. Crisis, 30(4), 186–191. [CrossRef]
  • Rico-Velasco, J., & Mynko, L. (1973). Suicide and Marital Status: A Changing Relationship? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 35(2), 239. [CrossRef]
  • Rodgers, B., Korten A. E., Jorm, A. F., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., & Henderson, A. S. (2000). Non-linear relationships in associations of depression and anxiety with alcohol use. Psychological Medicine, 30(2), 421–432. [CrossRef]
  • Sieber, S. D. (1974). Toward a Theory of Role Accumulation. American Sociological Review, 39(4), 567. [CrossRef]
  • Simpson, G. (1951). The Aetiology of Suicide. In Emile Durkheim Suicide, 13–32. Routledge.
  • Stack, S. (1978). Suicide: A Comparative Analysis. Social Forces, 57(2), 644–653. [CrossRef]
  • Stack, S. (1987). The effect of female participation in the labor force on suicide: A time series analysis, 1948-1980. Sociological Forum, 2(2), 257–277. [CrossRef]
  • Stone, D., Holland, K., Holland, B., Crosby, A., Davis, S., & Wilkins, N. (2017). Preventing suicide : a technical package of policies, programs, and practice. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. [CrossRef]
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The Socioeconomic Determinants of Suicide: A Panel Data Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 21.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.51803/yssr.1146860

Öz

Suicide has been a major public health issue worldwide and a growing number of researches have been conducted to unveil the association between socioeconomic factors and suicide rates. The aim of the present study is to detect if socioeconomic factors have impacts on suicide rates in age-adjusted, men, women and young people. To meet this objective, we used annual data on 47 countries for the 1996-2015 period. The results obtained from the panel data econometric analysis show that unemployment, fertility, alcohol consumption, divorce, women’s working rates have significant effects on suicide rates.

Kaynakça

  • Aldwin, C. M., & Revenson, T. A. (1986). Vulnerability to economic stress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(2), 161–175. [CrossRef]
  • Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 650–666. [CrossRef]
  • Andrés, A. R. (2005). Income inequality, unemployment and suicide: A panel data analysis of 15 European countries. Applied Economics, 37(4), 439–451. [CrossRef]
  • Bierman, A., Fazio, E. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2006). A multifaceted approach to the mental health advantage of the married: Assessing how explanations vary by outcome measure and unmarried group. Journal of Family Issues, 27(4), 554–582. [CrossRef]
  • Brainerd, E. (2001). Economic reform and mortality in the former Soviet Union: A study of the suicide epidemic in the 1990s. European Economic Review, 45(4–6), 1007–1019. [CrossRef]
  • Breed, W., Gibbs, J. P., & Martin, W. T. (1965). Status Integration and Suicide: A Sociological Study. American Sociological Review, 30(1), 151. [CrossRef]
  • Breitung, J. (2000). The local power of some unit root tests for panel data. Advances in Econometrics, 15, 161–177.
  • Breuer, C. (2015). Unemployment and suicide mortality: Evidence from regional panel data in Europe. Health Economics (United Kingdom), 24(8), 936–950. [CrossRef]
  • Brown, S., Taylor, K., & Wheatley Price, S. (2005). Debt and distress: Evaluating the psychological cost of credit. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(5), 642–663. [CrossRef]
  • Burr, J. A., McCall, P. L., & Powell-Griner, E. (1997). Female labor force participation and suicide. Social Science and Medicine, 44(12), 1847–1859. Chang, S. S., Sterne, J. A. C., Huang, W. C., Chuang, H. L., & Gunnell, D. (2010). Association of secular trends in unemployment with suicide in Taiwan, 1959-2007: A time-series analysis. Public Health, 124(1), 49–54. [CrossRef]
  • Chang, T., Cai, Y., & Chen, W. Y. (2017). Are suicide rate fluctuations transitory or permanent? Panel KSS unit root test with a fourier function through the sequential panel selection method. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 20(3), 5–17.
  • Chen, J., Choi, Y. J., Mori, K., Sawada, Y., & Sugano, S. (2012). Socio-economic studies on suicide: A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 26(2), 271–306. [CrossRef]
  • Chen, V. C. H., Chou, J. Y., Lai, T. J., & Lee, C. T. C. (2010). Suicide and unemployment rate in Taiwan, a population-based study, 1978-2006. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45(4), 447–452. [CrossRef]
  • Chen, Y. Y., Chen, M., Lui, C. S. M., & Yip, P. S. F. (2017). Female labour force participation and suicide rates in the world. Social Science and Medicine, 195, 61–67. [CrossRef]
  • Chuanc, H. L., & Huang, W. C. (1997). Economic and social correlates of regional suicide rates: A pooled cross-section and time-series analysis. Journal of Socio-Economics, 26(3), 277–289. [CrossRef]
  • Chuang, H. L., & Huang, W. C. (2007). A re-examination of the suicide rates in Taiwan. Social Indicators Research, 83(3), 465–485. [CrossRef]
  • Classen, T. J., & Dunn, R. A. (2011). Suicide, social integration and fertility rates. Applied Economics Letters, 18(11), 1011–1014. [CrossRef]
  • Davis, M. B. (1981). Quaternary history and the stability of forest communities. Forest Succession, Springer, 132–153. [CrossRef]
  • Debelle, G. (2004). Household Debt and the Macroeconomy. BIS Quarterly Review, 51–64.
  • DeFina, R., & Hannon, L. (2015). The changing relationship between unemployment and suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45(2), 217–229. [CrossRef]
  • Durkheim, E. (1897). Suicide, a study in sociology, Simpson G, (Ed,), (Translation ed. Spaulding, G.), Routledge.
  • Fernquist, R. M., & Cutright, P. (1998). Societal Integration and Age-Standardized Suicide Rates in 21 Developed Countries, 1955-1989. Social Science Research, 27(2), 109–127.
  • Fountoulakis, K. N., Gonda, X., Dome, P., Theodorakis, P. N., & Rihmer, Z. (2014). Possible delayed effect of unemployment on suicidal rates: The case of Hungary. Annals of General Psychiatry, 13(1), 12 [CrossRef]
  • Graham, K., & Schmidt, G. (1999). Alcohol use and psychosocial well-being among older adults. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60(3), 345–351. [CrossRef]
  • Hadri, K. (2000). Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data. The Econometrics Journal, 3(2), 148–161.
  • Haider Shamaila Ijaz, & Ijaz Haider. (2002). Deliberate self-poisoning (unemployment and debt). Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 18(2), 122-125.
  • Hamermesh, D. S., & Soss, N. M. (1974). An Economic Theory of Suicide. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 83–98. [CrossRef]
  • Harris, R. D. F., & Tzavalis, E. (1999). Inference for unit roots in dynamic panels where the time dimension is fixed. Journal of Econometrics, 91(2), 201–226. [CrossRef]
  • Hatcher, S. (1994). Debt and deliberate self-poisoning. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 111–114. [CrossRef]
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification Tests in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251–1271. [CrossRef]
  • Hintikka, J., Kontula, O., Saarinen, P., Tanskanen, A., Koskela, K., & Viinamäki, H. (1998). Debt and suicidal behaviour in the Finnish general population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 98(6), 493–496. [CrossRef]
  • Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53–74. [CrossRef]
  • Jalles, J. T., & Andresen, M. A. (2015). The social and economic determinants of suicide in Canadian provinces. Health Economics Review, 5(1), 1–13. [CrossRef]
  • Jungeilges, J., & Kirchgässner, G. (2002). Economic welfare, civil liberty, and suicide: An empirical investigation. Journal of Socio-Economics, 31(3), 215–231. [CrossRef]
  • Klingemann, H., & Gmel, G. (2001). Introduction: Social consequences of alcohol — the forgotten dimension? In Mapping the Social Consequences of Alcohol Consumption, Springer, 1–9. [CrossRef]
  • Laanani, M., Ghosn, W., Jougla, E., & Rey, G. (2015). Impact of unemployment variations on suicide mortality in Western European countries (2000-2010). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(2), 103–109.
  • Leenaars, A. A., & Lester, D. (1999). Domestic integration and suicide in the provinces of Canada. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 20(2), 59–63. Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. [CrossRef]
  • Lester, D., & Abe, K. (1998). The suicide rate by each method in japan: A test of durkheim’s theory of suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 4(3), 281–285. [CrossRef]
  • Lester, D., & Yang, B. (1992). Fertility and Suicide Rates: A Time Series Analysis in the United States. Journal of Biosocial Science, 24(1), 97–102. [CrossRef]
  • Levin, A., Lin, C. F., & Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1–24. [CrossRef]
  • Lin, Y. H., & Chen, W. Y. (2018). Does unemployment have asymmetric effects on suicide rates? Evidence from the United States: 1928–2013. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 31(1), 1404–1417. [CrossRef]
  • Lorenz, F. O., Wickrama, K. A. S., Conger, R. D., & Elder, G. H. (2006). The short-term and decade-long effects of divorce on women’s midlife health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47(2), 111–125.
  • Luo, F., Florence, C. S., Quispe-Agnoli, M., Ouyang, L., & Crosby, A. E. (2011). Impact of business cycles on US suicide rates, 1928-2007. American Journal of Public Health, 101(6), 1139–1146. [CrossRef]
  • Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple Roles and Role Strain: Some Notes on Human Energy, Time and Commitment. American Sociological Review, 42(6), 921. [CrossRef]
  • McLaughlin, K. A., Nandi, A., Keyes, K. M., Uddin, M., Aiello, A. E., Galea, S., & Koenen, K. C. (2012). Home foreclosure and risk of psychiatric morbidity during the recent financial crisis. Psychological Medicine, 42(7), 1441–1448. [CrossRef]
  • Meltzer, H., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Jenkins, R., McManus, S., & Dennis, M. S. (2011). Personal debt and suicidal ideation. Psychological Medicine, 41(4), 771–778.
  • Milner, A., Hjelmeland, H., Arensman, E., & Leo, D. De. (2013). Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles. Sociology Mind, 03(02), 137–148. [CrossRef]
  • Milner, A., McClure, R., & De Leo, D. (2012). Socio-economic determinants of suicide: An ecological analysis of 35 countries. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(1), 19–27. [CrossRef]
  • Morgan, H. G., Burns Cox, C. J., Pocock, H., & Pottle, S. (1975). Deliberate self harm: clinical and socio economic characteristics of 368 patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 127(12), 564–574. [CrossRef]
  • Nemtsov, A. (2003). Suicides and alcohol consumption in Russia, 1965-1999. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 71(2), 161–168. [CrossRef]
  • Neumayer, E. (2004). Recessions lower (some) mortality rates: Evidence from Germany. Social Science and Medicine, 58(6), 1037–1047. [CrossRef]
  • Noh, Y. H. (2009). Does unemployment increase suicide rates? The OECD panel evidence. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(4), 575–582. [CrossRef]
  • Nordt, C., Warnke, I., Seifritz, E., & Kawohl, W. (2015). Modelling suicide and unemployment: A longitudinal analysis covering 63 countries, 2000-11. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(3), 239–245. [CrossRef]
  • Norström, T., & Grönqvist, H. (2015). The great recession, unemployment and suicide. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(2), 110–116. [CrossRef]
  • Pesaran, M. H., Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. P. (1999). Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 621–634. [CrossRef]
  • Razvodovsky, Y. (2011). Alcohol consumption and suicide rates in Russia. Suicidology Online, 2, 67–74.
  • Razvodovsky, Y. E. (2009). Beverage-specific alcohol sale and suicide in Russia. Crisis, 30(4), 186–191. [CrossRef]
  • Rico-Velasco, J., & Mynko, L. (1973). Suicide and Marital Status: A Changing Relationship? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 35(2), 239. [CrossRef]
  • Rodgers, B., Korten A. E., Jorm, A. F., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., & Henderson, A. S. (2000). Non-linear relationships in associations of depression and anxiety with alcohol use. Psychological Medicine, 30(2), 421–432. [CrossRef]
  • Sieber, S. D. (1974). Toward a Theory of Role Accumulation. American Sociological Review, 39(4), 567. [CrossRef]
  • Simpson, G. (1951). The Aetiology of Suicide. In Emile Durkheim Suicide, 13–32. Routledge.
  • Stack, S. (1978). Suicide: A Comparative Analysis. Social Forces, 57(2), 644–653. [CrossRef]
  • Stack, S. (1987). The effect of female participation in the labor force on suicide: A time series analysis, 1948-1980. Sociological Forum, 2(2), 257–277. [CrossRef]
  • Stone, D., Holland, K., Holland, B., Crosby, A., Davis, S., & Wilkins, N. (2017). Preventing suicide : a technical package of policies, programs, and practice. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. [CrossRef]
  • Swinscow, D. (1951). Some suicide statistics. British Medical Journal, 1(4720), 1417–1423. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Surgeon General and National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. (2013). 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action. In National Suicide Prevention Strategy: Goals, Objectives, Resources. HHS.
  • Virén, M. (1996). Suicide and business cycles: Finnish evidence. Applied Economics Letters, 3(11), 737–738. [CrossRef]
  • Wade, T. J., & Pevalin, D. J. (2004). Marital transitions and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45(2), 155–170. [CrossRef]
  • Waite, L. J., Luo, Y., & Lewin, A. C. (2009). Marital happiness and marital stability: Consequences for psychological well-being. Social Science Research, 38(1), 201–212.
  • Wasserman, D., Värnik, A., & Eklund, G. (1994). Male suicides and alcohol consumption in the former USSR. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89(5), 306–313. [CrossRef]
  • Weyerer, S., & Wiedenmann, A. (1995). Economic factors and the rates of suicide in Germany between 1881 and 1989. Psychological Reports, 76(3 Pt 2), 1331–1341. [CrossRef]
  • WHO. (2018). Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000-2016. World Health Organization.
  • Yin, H., Xu, L., Shao, Y., Li, L., & Wan, C. (2016). Relationship between suicide rate and economic growth and stock market in the people’s republic of China: 2004–2013. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 3119–3128. [CrossRef]
  • Yip, P. S. F., Chen, Y. Y., Yousuf, S., Lee, C. K. M., Kawano, K., Routley, V., Ben Park, B. C., Yamauchi, T., Tachimori, H., Clapperton, A., & Wu, K. C. C. (2012). Towards a reassessment of the role of divorce in suicide outcomes: Evidence from five pacific rim populations. Social Science and Medicine, 75(2), 358–366. [CrossRef]
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cumhur Erdem Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8865-3556

Mehmet Dinç 0000-0002-9864-8117

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdem, C., & Dinç, M. (2022). The Socioeconomic Determinants of Suicide: A Panel Data Analysis. Yildiz Social Science Review, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.51803/yssr.1146860