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Use of Thyme and Thyme Essential Oils in Milk and Dairy Products

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 762 - 774, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1198519

Öz

Milk and dairy products can be exposed to both microbiological deterioration and lipid oxidation due to the rich presence of lipids and derivatives in their structure. The use of natural preservatives instead of synthetic preservatives in milk and dairy products to extend the shelf life of the product, ensure food safety and improve sensory quality has started to be preferred due to the demands of the producers and the tendencies of the consumers. There are many studies on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and their active ingredients. However, extensive studies on the mechanisms of action of essential oils for milk and dairy products or their combinations have not been conducted. In this review, the current studies on the functions of the thyme plant, which is among the medicinal aromatic plants with high diversity in Turkey, the obtained thyme essential oils and their combinations formed with other essential oils in milk and dairy products will be evaluated.

Kaynakça

  • Abboud, M., El Rammouz, R., Jammal, B., & Sleiman, M. (2015). In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of two essential oils Thymus vulgaris and Lavandula angustifolia against Bovine Staphylococcus and Streptococcus Mastitis Pathogen. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 4(4), 975-983.
  • Ahmed, L. I., Ibrahim, N., Abdel-Salam, A. B., & Fahim, K. M. (2021). Potential application of ginger, clove and thyme essential oils to improve soft cheese microbial safety and sensory characteristics. Food Bioscience, 42, 101177. doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101177
  • Al-Asmari A.K., Athar M. T., Al-Faraidy A. A., & Almuhaiza, M. S. (2017). Chemical composition of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris collected from Saudi Arabian market. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(2), 147-150. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.023
  • Aprotosoaie, A. C., Miron, A., Ciocârlan, N., Brebu, M., Roşu, C. M., Trifan, A., … & Mihai, C. T. (2019). Essential oils of Moldavian Thymus species: Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-Aspergillus and antigenotoxic activities. Flavour and Fragnance Journal, 34(3), 175-186. doi:10.1002/ffj.3490
  • Artiga-Artigas, M., Acevedo-Fani, A., & Martín-Belloso, O. (2017). Improving the shelf life of low-fat cut cheese using nanoemulsion-based edible coatings containing oregano essential oil and mandarin fiber. Food Control, 76, 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.01.001
  • Aslan Öz, M. N. (2017). Balıkesir yöresinde doğal olarak yetişen biberiye ve fesleğen bitkilerine ait uçucu yağların antioksidan ve antimikotik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tekirdağ, Türkiye.
  • Aslan, Y. (2020). Kozmetikte kullanılan bazı koruyucuların bitki ekstraktları ve uçucu yağlar ile tek başına ve kombinasyon halinde antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan etkilerinin araştırılması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Ayar, A. (2002). Effect of some herb essential oils on lipolysis in white cheese. Journal of Food Lipids, 9(3), 225-237. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4522.2002.tb00221.x
  • Bayaz, M. (2014). Esansiyel yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, antioksidan ve antimutajenik aktiviteleri. Akademik Gıda, 12(3), 45-53.
  • Bedoya-Serna, C. M., Dacanal, G. C., Fernandes, A. M., & Pinho, S. C. (2018). Antifungal activity of nanoemulsions encapsulating oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil: in vitro study and application in Minas Padrão cheese. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 49(4), 929-935. doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2018.05.004
  • Benomari, F. Z., Djabou, N., Moumani, M., Hassani, F., Muselli, A., & Costa, J. (2020). Chemical variability of essential oils of three subspecies of Thymus munbyanus Boiss. & Reut. from Western Algeria. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 32(5), 474-484. doi:10.1080/10412905.2020.1772134
  • Bleoancă, I., Saje, K., Mihalcea, L., Oniciuc, E. A., Smole-Mozina, S., Nicolau, A. I., & Borda, D. (2016). Contribution of high pressure and thyme extract to control Listeria monocytogenes in fresh cheese-A hurdle approach. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 38, 7-14. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2016.09.002
  • Boubaker, H., Karim, H., Hamdaoui, A. E., Msanda, F., Leach, D., Bombarda, I., … & Aoumar, A. A. B. (2016). Chemical characterization and antifungal activities of four Thymus species essential oils against postharvest fungal pathogens of citrus. Industrial Crops and Products, 86, 95-101. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.036
  • Cankurt, H. (2015). Bazı bitki aromatik su ve uçucu yağlarının blok tipi eritme peyniri ve beyaz peynirin çeşitli özellikleri üzerine etkisi. (Doktora Tezi), Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kayseri, Türkiye.
  • Ćavar Zeljković, S. & Maksimović, M. (2015). Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oil from Thymus species in Balkan Peninsula. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(3), 335-352. doi:10.1007/s11101-014-9378-9
  • Coşkun, F. (2006). Gıdalarda bulunan doğal koruyucular. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 2, 27-33.
  • Elsherif, W. M., & Talaat AL Shrief, L. M. (2021). Effects of three essential oils and their nanoemulsions on Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri in Egyptian Talaga cheese. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 355, 109334. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109334
  • Embuena, A. I. C., Nácher, M. C., Boix, A. C., Pons, M. P. M., Llopis, M. B., Martínez, M. C. B., & Martínez C. G. (2016). Quality of goats milk cheese as affected by coating with edible chitosan essential oil films. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 70(1), 68-76. doi:10.1111/1471-0307.12306
  • Emir Çoban, Ö., & Patır, B. (2010). Antioksidan etkili bazı bitki ve baharatların gıdalarda kullanımı. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 5(2), 7-19.
  • Ertekin, B. (2020). Süt ve süt ürünlerinin ambalajlanmasında yenilikçi ve doğal yaklaşımlar; esansiyel yağların kullanıldığı polimerik aktif ambalaj çözümü. Adnan Menderese Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 115-121. doi:10.25308/aduziraat.599339
  • Ertürk, R., Çelik, C., Kaygusuz, R., & Aydın, H. (2010). Ticari olarak satılan kekik ve nane uçucu yağlarının antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri. Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi, 32(4), 281-286.
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Süt ve Süt Ürünlerinde Kekik ve Kekik Uçucu Yağlarının Kullanımı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 762 - 774, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1198519

Öz

Süt ve süt ürünleri hem mikrobiyolojik bozulmalara, hem de yapısında lipid ve türevlerinin oldukça zengin bulunması nedeniyle lipid oksidasyonuna maruz kalabilmektedir. Süt ve süt ürünlerinde ürün raf ömrünü uzatmak, gıda güvenliğini sağlamak ve duyusal kaliteyi geliştirmek amacıyla sentetik koruyucular yerine doğal koruyucular kullanılması, üretici talepleri ve tüketicilerin eğilimleri ile tercih edilmeye başlanmıştır. Uçucu yağların ve aktif bileşenlerinin antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktiviteleri hakkında birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ancak süt ve süt ürünleri için uçucu yağların veya bunların kombinasyonlarının etki mekanizmaları hakkında kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmamıştır. Bu derleme ile, Türkiye’de çeşitliliği fazla olan tıbbi aromatik bitkiler arasında bulunan kekik bitkisinin, elde edilen kekik uçucu yağlarının ve diğer uçucu yağlarla oluşturulmuş kombinasyonlarının süt ve süt ürünlerinde işlevleri ile ilgili mevcut çalışmalar anlatılacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Abboud, M., El Rammouz, R., Jammal, B., & Sleiman, M. (2015). In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of two essential oils Thymus vulgaris and Lavandula angustifolia against Bovine Staphylococcus and Streptococcus Mastitis Pathogen. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 4(4), 975-983.
  • Ahmed, L. I., Ibrahim, N., Abdel-Salam, A. B., & Fahim, K. M. (2021). Potential application of ginger, clove and thyme essential oils to improve soft cheese microbial safety and sensory characteristics. Food Bioscience, 42, 101177. doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101177
  • Al-Asmari A.K., Athar M. T., Al-Faraidy A. A., & Almuhaiza, M. S. (2017). Chemical composition of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris collected from Saudi Arabian market. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(2), 147-150. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.023
  • Aprotosoaie, A. C., Miron, A., Ciocârlan, N., Brebu, M., Roşu, C. M., Trifan, A., … & Mihai, C. T. (2019). Essential oils of Moldavian Thymus species: Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-Aspergillus and antigenotoxic activities. Flavour and Fragnance Journal, 34(3), 175-186. doi:10.1002/ffj.3490
  • Artiga-Artigas, M., Acevedo-Fani, A., & Martín-Belloso, O. (2017). Improving the shelf life of low-fat cut cheese using nanoemulsion-based edible coatings containing oregano essential oil and mandarin fiber. Food Control, 76, 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.01.001
  • Aslan Öz, M. N. (2017). Balıkesir yöresinde doğal olarak yetişen biberiye ve fesleğen bitkilerine ait uçucu yağların antioksidan ve antimikotik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tekirdağ, Türkiye.
  • Aslan, Y. (2020). Kozmetikte kullanılan bazı koruyucuların bitki ekstraktları ve uçucu yağlar ile tek başına ve kombinasyon halinde antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan etkilerinin araştırılması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Ayar, A. (2002). Effect of some herb essential oils on lipolysis in white cheese. Journal of Food Lipids, 9(3), 225-237. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4522.2002.tb00221.x
  • Bayaz, M. (2014). Esansiyel yağlar: Antimikrobiyal, antioksidan ve antimutajenik aktiviteleri. Akademik Gıda, 12(3), 45-53.
  • Bedoya-Serna, C. M., Dacanal, G. C., Fernandes, A. M., & Pinho, S. C. (2018). Antifungal activity of nanoemulsions encapsulating oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil: in vitro study and application in Minas Padrão cheese. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 49(4), 929-935. doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2018.05.004
  • Benomari, F. Z., Djabou, N., Moumani, M., Hassani, F., Muselli, A., & Costa, J. (2020). Chemical variability of essential oils of three subspecies of Thymus munbyanus Boiss. & Reut. from Western Algeria. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 32(5), 474-484. doi:10.1080/10412905.2020.1772134
  • Bleoancă, I., Saje, K., Mihalcea, L., Oniciuc, E. A., Smole-Mozina, S., Nicolau, A. I., & Borda, D. (2016). Contribution of high pressure and thyme extract to control Listeria monocytogenes in fresh cheese-A hurdle approach. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 38, 7-14. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2016.09.002
  • Boubaker, H., Karim, H., Hamdaoui, A. E., Msanda, F., Leach, D., Bombarda, I., … & Aoumar, A. A. B. (2016). Chemical characterization and antifungal activities of four Thymus species essential oils against postharvest fungal pathogens of citrus. Industrial Crops and Products, 86, 95-101. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.036
  • Cankurt, H. (2015). Bazı bitki aromatik su ve uçucu yağlarının blok tipi eritme peyniri ve beyaz peynirin çeşitli özellikleri üzerine etkisi. (Doktora Tezi), Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kayseri, Türkiye.
  • Ćavar Zeljković, S. & Maksimović, M. (2015). Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oil from Thymus species in Balkan Peninsula. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(3), 335-352. doi:10.1007/s11101-014-9378-9
  • Coşkun, F. (2006). Gıdalarda bulunan doğal koruyucular. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 2, 27-33.
  • Elsherif, W. M., & Talaat AL Shrief, L. M. (2021). Effects of three essential oils and their nanoemulsions on Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri in Egyptian Talaga cheese. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 355, 109334. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109334
  • Embuena, A. I. C., Nácher, M. C., Boix, A. C., Pons, M. P. M., Llopis, M. B., Martínez, M. C. B., & Martínez C. G. (2016). Quality of goats milk cheese as affected by coating with edible chitosan essential oil films. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 70(1), 68-76. doi:10.1111/1471-0307.12306
  • Emir Çoban, Ö., & Patır, B. (2010). Antioksidan etkili bazı bitki ve baharatların gıdalarda kullanımı. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 5(2), 7-19.
  • Ertekin, B. (2020). Süt ve süt ürünlerinin ambalajlanmasında yenilikçi ve doğal yaklaşımlar; esansiyel yağların kullanıldığı polimerik aktif ambalaj çözümü. Adnan Menderese Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 115-121. doi:10.25308/aduziraat.599339
  • Ertürk, R., Çelik, C., Kaygusuz, R., & Aydın, H. (2010). Ticari olarak satılan kekik ve nane uçucu yağlarının antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri. Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi, 32(4), 281-286.
  • Gandomi, H., Misaghi, A., Basti, A. A., Bokaei, S., Khosravi, A., Abbasifar, A., & Javan, A. J. (2009). Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on growth and aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus flavus in culture media and cheese. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(10), 2397-2400. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.024
  • Gil, K. A., Jerkovic, I., Marijanovic, Z., Manca, M. L., Caddeo, C., & Tuberoso C. I. G. (2022). Evaluation of an innovative sheep cheese with antioxidant activity enriched with different thyme essential oil lecithin liposomes. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 154, 112808. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112808
  • Gonçalves, N. D., Pena, F. de L., Sartoratto, A., Derlamelina, C., Duarte, M. C. T., Antunes, A. E. C., & Prata, A. S. (2017). Encapsulated thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil used as a natural preservative in bakery product. Food Research International, 96, 154-160. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.006
  • Gümüş, T., & Bursa, İ. A. (2015). Eritme peynirinde bazı patojen bakteriler üzerine farklı baharatların inhibisyon etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(3), 18-26. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11776/1985
  • Jemaa, M. B., Falleh, H., Saada, M., Oueslati, M., Snoussi, M., & Ksouri, R. (2018). Thymus capitatus essential oil ameliorates pasteurization efficiency. Journal of Food Science & Technology, 55(9), 3446-3452. doi:10.1007/s13197-018-3261-4
  • Kavas, G., Kavas, N., & Saygılı, D. (2015). The effects of thyme and clove essential oil fortified edible films on the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of kashar cheese. Journal of Food Quality, 38(6), 405-412. doi:10.1111/jfq.12157
  • Kılınç, B. Ö. (2021). Osmaniye’de yayılış gösteren Thymus kotschyanus var. glabrescens ve Mentha longifolia subsp. typhoides var. typhoides bitkileri uçucu yağlarının antioksidan ve antikanser aktivitelerinin araştırılması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Osmaniye, Türkiye.
  • Kirillov, V., Stikhareva, T., Mukanov, B., Chebotko, N., Ryazantsev, O., Atazhanova, G. & Adekenov, S. (2016). Composition of the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum L. from Northern Kazakhstan. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 19(1), 212-222. doi:10.1080/0972060X.2015.1010600
  • Kumar, R., Mishra, A. K., Dubey, N. K., & Tripathi, Y. B. (2007). Evaluation of Chenopodium ambrosioides oil as a potential source of antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 115(2), 159-164. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.10.017
  • Ložienė, K., & Venskutonis, P. R. (2005). Influence of environmental and genetic factors on the stability of essential oil composition of Thymus pulegioides. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33(5), 517-525. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2004.10.004
  • Ložienė, K., Venskutonis, P. R., Šipailienė, A., & Labokas, J. (2007). Radical scavenging and antibacterial properties of the extracts from different Thymus pulegioides L. chemotypes. Food Chemistry, 103(2), 546-559. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.08.027
  • Leonelli Pires de Campos, A. C., Saldanha Nandi, R. D., Scandorieiro, S., Gonçalves, M. C., Reis, G. F., Dibo, M., ... & Nakazato, G. (2022). Antimicrobial effect of Origanum vulgare (L.) essential oil as an alternative for conventional additives in the Minas cheese manufacture. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 157, 113063. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113063
  • Marin, M., Novakovic, M., Vuckovic, I., Tesevic, V., Kolarevic, S. & Vukovic-Gacic, B. (2018). Wild Thymus capitatus hoff. et link. chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 21(2), 388-399. doi:10.1080/0972060X.2018.1449668
  • Nabavi S. M., Marchese, A., Izadi, M., Curti, V., Daglia, M. & Nabavi, S. F. (2015). Plants belonging to the genus Thymus as antibacterial agents: From farm to pharmacy. Food Chemistry, 173, 339-347. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.042
  • Nguefack, J., Dongmo, J. B. L., Dakole, C. D., Leth, V., Vismer, H. F., Torp, J., … & Nkengfack, A. E. (2009). Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 131(2-3), 151-156. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.02.009
  • Olmedo, R. H., Nepote, V., & Grosso, N. R. (2013). Preservation of sensory and chemical properties in flavoured cheese prepared with cream cheese base using oregano and rosemary essential oils. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 53(2), 409-417. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2013.04.007
  • Oussalah, M., Caillet, S., Salmieri, S., Saucier, L., & Lacroix, M. (2004). Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of milk protein-based film containing essential oils for the preservation of whole beef muscle. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 52(18), 5598-5605. doi:10.1021/jf049389q
  • Özkan, G., Simsek, B., & Kuleasan, H. (2007). Antioxidant activities of Satureja cilicia essential oil in butter and in vitro. Journal of Food Engineering, 79(4), 1391-1396. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.04.020
  • Pandey, A. K., Chavez-Gonzalez, M. L., Silva, A. S., & Singh, P. (2021). Essential oils from the genus Thymus as antimicrobial food preservatives: Progress in their use as nanoemulsions-a new paradigm. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 111, 426-441. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.076
  • Properzi, A., Angelini, P., Bertuzzi, G., & Venanzoni, R. (2013). Some biological activities of essential oils. Medicinal &Aromatic Plants, 2(5),1-4.
  • Rodriguez, V., Cabral, C., Evora, L., Ferreira, I., Cavaleiro, C., Cruz, M. T., & Salgueiro, L. (2019). Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of Thymus zygis L. subsp. sylvestris (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout. essential oil and its main compounds. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12(8), 3236-3243. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.08.026
  • Rout, S., Tambe, S., Deshmukh, R. K., Mali, S., Cruz, J., Srivastav, P. P., …& de Oliveira, M. S. (2022). Recent trends in the application of essential oils: The next generation of food preservation and food packaging. Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 129, 421-439. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.012
  • Shaaban H. A. E., El-Ghorab A. H., & Shibamoto, T. (2012). Bioactivity of essential oils and their volatile aroma components. The Journal of Essential Oil Research, 24(2), 203-212. doi:10.1080/10412905.2012.659528
  • Sarıkuş, G. (2006). Farklı antimikrobiyal maddeler içeren yenilebilir film üretimi ve kaşar peynirinin muhafazasında mikrobiyal inaktivasyona etkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta, Türkiye.
  • Seydim, A. C., Sarıkuş-Tutal, G., & Söğüt, E. (2020). Effect of whey protein edible films containing plant essential oils on microbial inactivation of sliced Kasar cheese. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 26, 100567. doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100567
  • Smith-Palmer, A., Stewart, J., & Fyfe, L. (2001). The potential application of plant essential oils as natural food preservatives in soft cheese. Food Microbiology, 18(4), 463-470. doi:10.1006/fmic.2001.0415
  • Soleimani, M., Arzani, A, Arzani, V., & Roberts, T. H. (2022). Phenolic compounds and antimicrobial properties of mint and thyme. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 36, 100604. doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100604
  • Şengezer, E., & Güngör, T. (2008). Esansiyel yağlar ve hayvanlar üzerindeki etkileri (derleme). Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 48(2), 101-110.
  • Tammar, S., Salem, N., Rebey, I. B., Sriti, J., Hammami, M., Khammassi, S., … & Msaada, K. (2019). Regional effect on essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Thymus capitatus L. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31(2), 129-137. doi:10.1080/10412905.2018.1539415
  • Tohidi, B., Rahimmalek, M., & Arzani, A. (2017). Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran. Food Chemistry, 220,153-161. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.203
  • Turan, F., Gürağaç, R., & Sayın, S. (2012). Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde esansiyel yağlar. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 5(1), 35-40.
  • Uğurtay, A. (2020). Kekik ekstresinde asetillendirilmiş nişastanın mikroenkapsüle özelliğinin araştırılması. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Harran Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
  • Üstündağ, H. Ç. (2019). Nisin ve kekik yağının kaymağa inoküle edilen Listeria monocytogenes ve Staphylococcus aureus üzerine depolama süresince etkisi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Burdur, Türkiye.
  • Xue, J., Davidson, P. M., & Zhong, Q. (2017). Inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytognes growth in milk and cantaloupe juice by thymol nanoemulsions prepared with gelatin and lecithin. Food Control, 73, 1499-1506. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.11.015
  • Verma, R. S., Padalia, R. C., Goswami, P., Upadhyay, R. K., Singh, V. R., Chauhan, A., & Tiwari A. K. (2016). Assessing productivity and essential oil quality of Himalayan thyme (Thymus linearis Benth.) in the subtropical region of North India. Industrial Crops and Products, 94, 557-561. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.037
  • Viuda-Martos, M., Ruiz-Navajas, Y., Fernández-López, J. & Pérez-Álvarez, J. A. (2008). Antibacterial activity of different essential oils obtained from spices widely used in Mediterranean diet. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 43(3), 526-531. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01489.x
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler / Review Articles
Yazarlar

Nihal Yaman 0000-0002-2264-6107

Semih Ötleş 0000-0003-4571-8764

Özgül Özdestan Ocak 0000-0003-0967-8865

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yaman, N., Ötleş, S., & Özdestan Ocak, Ö. (2023). Süt ve Süt Ürünlerinde Kekik ve Kekik Uçucu Yağlarının Kullanımı. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(2), 762-774. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1198519