SUÇ NASIL ÖNLENEBİLİR? BÜTÜNCÜL BİR MODEL GEREKSİNİMİ

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 46, 285 - 307, 31.12.2019

Zahir Kızmaz

Öz

Bu makale, suç önleme yaklaşımları üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Suçla etkin bir mücadelenin yürütülebilmesi faaliyetini, suç önleme politikaları ve programlarından bağımsız olarak düşünmek mümkün değildir. Çalışmada, suç önleme konusundaki yaklaşımlar gözden geçirilecek ve etkili bir suç önleme yaklaşımının nasıl olması gerektiği hususu açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Makalede, etkili bir suç önleme modelinin, suçun tüm değişkenlerini ve çok kurumlu yaklaşımı içerecek nitelikte olması gerektiği ileri sürülmüştür. Bu da, suçun önlenmesinde bütüncül bir suç önleme modelinin geliştirilmesinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bütüncül suç önleme modelinin; suçlu bireyi (bireyin kriminal eğilimini), işlenen suç türünü, suçun işlendiği mekânı/çevreyi, suç fırsatlarını, suça maruz kalan mağduru, suç kontrolü ve gözetim stratejilerini, suçun sosyo-ekonomik, kültürel ve toplumsal dinamikleri gibi suç ile ilgili tüm unsurları kapsayacak nitelikte olması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Bu nedenle bütünleşik suç önlemi modeli, önleyici yaklaşımlardan durumsal, sosyal, toplum odaklı ve gelişimsel suç önleme yaklaşımlarının tümünü içermelidir. Çalışmada belirtilen diğer bir husus da önleyici yaklaşımların reaktif olmaktan çok proaktif olmaları gerekliliğidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

suç önleme, risk faktörleri, toplumsal faktörler

HOW CAN CRIME BE PREVENTED? REQUIREMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MODEL

Öz

This article focuses on crime prevention approaches. It is not possible to think of the activities, which are necessary for an effective fight against crime, independently of the crime prevention policies and programs. In this study, the approaches on crime prevention will be reviewed and it will be tried to explain an effective crime prevention approach how should be. In this article, it was suggested that an effective crime prevention model should include all variables of crime and multi-agency approach. This reveals the necessity of developing a holistic crime prevention model in crime prevention. In other words, the holistic crime prevention model proposed in this study covers all elements related to crime such as the offender (criminal tendency of the individual), the type of crime committed, the place / environment where the crime was committed, the opportunities for crime, the victims of crime, crime control and surveillance strategies, the socio-economic, cultural and social dynamics. Therefore, the integrated crime prevention model should involve all preventive approaches which are situational, social, societal and developmental crime prevention approaches. Another point mentioned in the study is that preventive approaches should be proactive rather than reactive.

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