Kuzeybatı İran’da Urartu’nun Güç Simgesi: Yerleşim ve Kaleler

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 54, 389 - 426, 31.12.2021

Ayla Baş

https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1052591

Öz

M.Ö. I. bin toplumlarının önemli isimleri arasında yer alan Urartu Krallığı, yaşadığı coğrafyada egemen olma adına birçok politik yaptırımda bulunmuştur. İran’ın Kuzeybatı kesimi de bu yaptırımlarından payını almıştır. Yazılı metinler ve arkeolojik veriler, Urartu Krallığı’nın M.Ö. 9. yüzyıldan başlayarak M.Ö. 7. yüzyıla kadar Kuzeybatı İran üzerine çok sayıda askeri seferler düzenlediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar, Urartular’ın İran’ın kuzeybatısında özellikle Urmiye Gölü ve çevresini hedef aldıklarını göstermektedir. Urmiye ve havzasının dışında Urartuların ilgilendiği bir diğer bölge, Sabalan dağı ve çevresidir. Batıda Sahend Dağı’nın sınır oluşturduğu bölge, doğuda Sabalan dağı ve kuzeyindeki Ahar çevresine kadar uzanmaktadır. Urartu Krallığı’nın Kuzeybatı İran’a yönelmesinde siyasi ve ekonomik etkenlerin ağırlıklı olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Urartu’nun Kuzeybatı İran’da varlık göstermesiyle elde ettiği gücün siyasi sonuçları gibi kültürel anlamda kazanımları da söz konusudur. Bunlardan biri, kanıtlanabilirlik açısından somut örneklerin belki de en önemlisi, yerleşim ve kalelerdir. Urartu sınırlarına dahil edilen Urmiye Havzası ve Urmiye Gölü’nün doğusunda doksana yakın yerleşim ve kalelerin varlığı, Kuzeybatı İran’ın iskan politikasına dahil edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Urartu’nun Kuzeybatı İran’daki politik yaptırımlarının sonucunda bölgede tespit edilen yerleşim ve kaleler ele alınacaktır. Mimari özellikleri doğrultusunda değerlendirilecek olan yerleşim ve kaleler, Van Gölü havzasında yer alan Urartu örnekleriyle karşılaştırılacak, her iki bölgedeki eserler benzer ve farklı yönleriyle değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Urartu Krallığı, Kuzeybatı İran, kültür, yerleşim, kale

Urartian Symbol of Power in Northwest Iran: Settlement and Castles

Öz

The Urartian Kingdom, which is among the important names of the societies of the 1st millennium BC, has made many political sanctions in order to dominate the geography where it lives. The northwestern part of Iran has also received its share of these sanctions. Written texts and archaeological data indicate that the Urartian Kingdom dates back to BC. Starting from the 9th century BC. It reveals that he organized many military expeditions on Northwest Iran until the 7th century. Research shows that the Urartians specifically targeted Lake Urmia and its surroundings in the northwest of Iran. Apart from Urmia and its basin, another region of interest to the Urartians is Mount Sabalan and its surroundings. The region bordered by Sahend Mountain in the west extends to Sabalan Mountain in the east and Ahar in the north. While it is confirmed by the researches that the political and economic factors are dominant in the orientation of the Urartian Kingdom to Northwest Iran; The power obtained as a result of this has cultural gains as well as political consequences. One of these, perhaps the most important of the concrete examples in terms of prOvability, are settlements and castles. The existence of nearly ninety settlements and castles in the east of Urmia Basin and Lake Urmia, which are included in the borders of Urartu, reveals that Northwest Iran was included in the settlement policy. In this study, the settlements and castles found in the region as a result of the political sanctions of Urartu in Northwest Iran will be discussed. The settlements and castles, which will be evaluated in terms of their architectural features, will be compared with the Urartian examples in the Van Lake basin, and the works in both regions will be evaluated with their similar and different aspects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Urartu Kingdom, Northwest Iran, culture, settlement, castle

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