Effect of Different Row Spacings on the Yield and Some Yield Characteristics of Teff (Eragrostis teff) Crop Grown under Söke Ecological Conditions

Yıl 2019, , 231 - 239, 27.06.2019

Hakan Geren , Yaşar Tuncer Kavut , Behçet Kır

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.451362

Cited By: 4

Öz

Objective: This study was conducted on a private farmer field (Söke-Aydın) which was under typical Mediterranean climatic conditions in 2014 and 2015, to evaluate the influence of different row spacing on the productivity of teff crop.

Material and Methods: In the experiment, seeds of teff genotype ‘Dessie’ were used as crop material. Field experiment was designed with three replications and, effects of four row spacing (17.5, 35.0, 52.5 and 70.0 cm) were investigated. Some traits were tested in the experiment such as number of plant at harvest, plant height, harvest index, total grain and dry matter (DM) yields, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents.

Results: Two years average results indicated that there were significant differences among the row spacings on above-mentioned characteristics. On teff crop, two and three harvests were done for obtaining grain and herbage yield during the growing season, respectively. Total grain and DM yields increased by decreasing row spacing. The narrow rows provided higher forage quality compare to the wider rows.

Conclusion: 17.5 cm row spacing can be recommended for obtaining teff grain and forage production for the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eragrostis teff, teff, row spacing, grain yield, dm yield

Söke Ekolojik Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Tef (Eragrostis teff (Zucc) Trotter) Bitkisinde Farklı Sıra Arası Uzaklarının Verim ve Bazı Verim Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Çalışma, farklı sıra arası uzaklarının tef (Eragrostis tef) bitkisinin verimliliği üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında, tipik Akdeniz iklim koşulları altındaki (Söke-Aydın) bir üretici tarlasında yürütülmüştür.

Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmada, bitki materyali olarak “Dessie” isimli tef genotipi kullanılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş olup, dört farklı sıra arası uzaklığı (17.5, 35.0, 52.5 ve 70.0 cm) uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada; hasattaki bitki sayısı, bitki boyu, hasat indeksi, toplam tane ve kuru madde (KM) verimi, ham protein (HP) oranı, asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) ve nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) gibi özellikler incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: İki yıllık ortalama sonuçlar; sıra arası uzaklıklar arasında yukarıda belirtilen özellikler üzerine önemli farklar bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Yetiştirme mevsimi süresince bitki üzerinde, tane ve ot üretimi için sırasıyla iki ve üç hasat yapılmıştır. Sıra arası uzaklığın azalmasıyla toplam tane ve KM verimleri yükselmiştir. Dar sıralar, geniş sıralara kıyasla daha yüksek yem kalitesi sağlamışlardır.

Sonuç: Yöre koşullarında tef bitkisinden yüksek tane ve ot verimi sağlamak için 17.5 cm sıra arası uzaklığı tavsiye edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eragrostis teff, tef, sıra arası uzaklık, tane verimi, KM verimi

Kaynakça

• Abebe B, Workayehu T. 2015. Effect of method of sowing on yield and yield components of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) at Shebedino, Southern Ethiopia. Global Journal of Chemistry, 2(1):37-44.
• Arefaine A. 2013. Effects of rates and time of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and yield components of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] in Habro District, Eastern Ethiopia, Haramaya University, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences School of Graduate Studies, M.Sc. Thesis, 77p.
• Asargew F, Bitew Y, Asfaw M, Liben M, Getahun W. 2014. Row spacing and fertilizer rate on yield and yield components of tef (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) under transplanting planting method, Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4(15):133-137.
• Assefa A, Tana T, Abdulahi J. 2016. Effects of compost and inorganic NP rates on growth, yield and yield components of teff (Eragrotis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) in Girar Jarso District, Central Highland of Ethiopia, J. Fertil Pestic 7: 174.
• Ball DM, Hovelend CS, Lacefield GD. 1996. Forage quality in Southern Forages, Potash & Phosphate Institute, Norcross, Georgia, p:124-132.
• Balcha A. 2014. Effect of phosphorus rates and varieties on grain yield, nutrient uptake and phosphorus efficiency of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5:262-267.
• Buxton DR. 1996. Quality related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Anim. Feed Sci Technol., 59(1-3):37–49.
• Chapman SR, Carter LP. 1976. Crop Production Principles and Practices, W. H. Freeman and Company, Sanfransisco, USA.Eckhoff JLA, Wichman DM, Scheetz J, Majerus M, Welty LE, Stallknecht GF, Ditterline RL, Dunn RL, Sands DC. 1993. Teff: a potential forage and grain crop for Montana. Montana AgResearch 10:38–41.
• Gebremariam MM, Zarnkow M, Becker T. 2014. Teff (Eragrostis tef) as a raw material for malting, brewing and manufacturing of gluten-free foods and beverages: a review, Journal of Food Sci. Technol., 51(11):2881–2895.
• Geren H, Kavut YT. 2009. İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Bazı Sorgum (Sorghum sp.) Türlerinin Mısır (Zea mays L.) ile Verim ve Silaj Kalitesi Yönünden Karşılaştırılması Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(1):9-16.
• Giday O, Gibrekidan H, Berhe T. 2014. Response of teff (Eragrostis tef) to different rates of slow release and conventional urea fertilizers in Vertisols of Southern Tigray, Ethiopia, Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, 1(5):1-8.
• Goering HK, VanSoest PJ. 1970. Forage Fiber Analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). USDA Agricultural Handbook No:379.
• Gürün AS. 2018. Farklı fosfor seviyelerinin yaz otu (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)’nda tane verimi ve bazı verim özelliklerine etkisi üzerine bir ön araştırma, Ege Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tohumluk Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, Bornova-İzmir (YL Tezi), 47s.
• Hickman AL, Abaye OA, McCann MA, McCann JS. 2013. Acceptability and nutritional value of the teff grass for grazing horses, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 33:321-399.
• Jabesa KB, Abraham T. 2016. Performance of yield attributes, yield and economics of teff (Eragrostis tef) influenced by various row spacing, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, African Journal of Plant Science, 10(10):234-237.
• Kaplan M, Üke Ö, Kale H, Yavuz S, Kurt Ö, Atalay Aİ. 2016. Olgunlaşma döneminin teff otunun potansiyel besleme değeri, gaz ve metan üretimine etkisi, Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Derg., 6(4):181-186.
• Ketema S. 1997. Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter), Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 12. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy
• Mebratu Y, Raghavaiah CV, Ashagre H. 2016. Production potential of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) genotypes in relation to integrated nutrient management on vertisols of mid high lands of Oromia Region of Ethiopia, East Africa. Adv. Crop Sci. Tech. 4:249.
• National Research Council. 1996. Lost Crops of Africa: Volume I: Grains, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Norberg S, Roseberg R, Charlton B, Shock C. 2009. Teff, a new warm-season annual grass for Oregon, Oregon State University, Extension Service, EM8970-E.
• Shiferaw W, Balcha A, Mohammed H. 2012. Genetic variation for grain yield and yield related traits in tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] under moisture stress and non-stress environments, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3:1041-1046.
• Vandercasteelen J, Dereje M, Minten B, Taffesse AS. 2014. Perceptions, impacts and rewards of row planting of teff, LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, Discussion Paper 350/2014.
• Yurtsever N. 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metotlar, Toprak ve Gübre Araş. Enstitüsü Yayınları No:121, Ankara.
• Zucca C. 2016. Response of tef row planting to sowing dates on the highland heavy clay soils, Technical Report of Experimental Activities, Project Agreement No 100202.