‘Monroe’ şeftali çeşidinde farklı terbiye sistemleri, dikim sıklıkları ve ağaç yüksekliklerinde ilkbahar geç donlarının etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2021, , 193 - 202, 30.06.2021

Melike Çetinbaş , Hasan Cumhur Sarısu , Sinan Butar

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.715754

Cited By: 2

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın başlıca amacı, düşük sıcaklık ile oluşan dişi organ zararlanma oranının farklı dikim mesafeleri, değişik terbiye sistemleri ile ağaçların yükseklikleri arasında değişip değişmediğini tespit etmektir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Farklı terbiye sistemlerinde ve dikim mesafelerinde yetiştirilen Monroe/GF 677 şeftali ağaçlarının çiçekleri, pembe tomurcuk döneminde, sıcaklıkları -0.33 ile -1.23 °C, saat 05:00-7:00 arasında meydana gelen dondan sonraki 1. günde (1 Nisan sabahı), farklı dikim mesafeleriyle dikilmiş, İnce İğ, Y-Trellis, Merkezi Lider ve Goble terbiye sistemlerindeki ağaçlarının 4 tarafından ve hem 1m hem de 2m yüksekliklerinde 100’er adet toplanmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Dişi organların zararlanma oranları destekli sistemlerde yetiştirilen İnce İğ sisteminde % 5.05 Y-Trellis sisteminde ise % 2.05 olarak elde edilmiştir. Desteksiz sistemlerde ise, Merkezi Lider sistemi ile yetiştirilen ağaçlarda Goble sistemine göre daha az don zararı gerçekleşmiştir.
Sonuç: Şeftali yetiştiriciliği için destekli sistemlerde Y-Trellis, desteksiz sistemlerde ise Merkezi Lider terbiye sistemi, daha az don zararı ile sonuçlanmıştır ve bu nedenle şeftali yetiştiriciliğinde verimlilik açısından daha iyi bir sistem oldukları belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Don zararı, Düşük sıcaklık, Dişi organ zararlanması, Bitki yönetimi, Y-Trellis

Determination of late spring frost effects on Monroe peach cultivars in different training systems, planting intervals and height of flower

Öz

Objective: Main purpose of this study is to determine whether the rates of frost damages on pistils caused by the lower temperature varies between different planting distances and the different training systems with the heights of the peach trees.
Material and Methods: The flowers of Monroe/GF 677 peach trees grown in different training systems and planting distances, in the pink bud period, on the 1nd day after the frost that occurred in the period, morning of April 1, hours 5:00 AM-7:00 AM, temperatures -0.33 to -1.23° C, 3 replicates with 100 flowers in each replicate were collected from 4 sides of Slender Spindle, Y-Trellis, Central Leader and Open Vase trees planted with different planting distances from both 1m and 2m height.
Results: The frost damage rates have been obtained as 5.05% for Slender Spindle training system and 2.05% for Y-Trellis training system in the support systems. In unsupported systems, peach cultivation with the Central Leader training system caused less frost damage.
Conclusion: Y-Trellis cultivation system in supported systems and Central Leader in unsupported systems for peach cultivation resulted less frost damage and therefore it was suggested that they were a better systems in terms of productivity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Frost damage, Low temperature, Pistils hardness, Plant management, Y-Trellis

Kaynakça

• Augspurger C.K. 2013. Reconstructing patterns of temperature, phenology, and frost damage over 124 years: Spring damage risk is increasing. Ecology, 94: 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0200.1
• Bennie, J., Kubin, E., Wiltshire, A., Huntley, B. and R. Baxter. 2010. Predicting spatial and temporal patterns of bud‐burst and spring frost risk in north‐west Europe: The implications of local adaptation to climate. Global Change Biology, 16: 1503–1514. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02095.x
• Blanc, M.L., Geslin, H., Holzberg, I.A. and B. Mason. 1963. Protection against frost damage. WMO Techn. Note No. 51, 62p.
• Ertürk, Y. and Güleryüz, M. 2007. Determination of Resistance Degrees of Some Local and Foreign Apricot Varieties to Low Temperatures in Erzincan Conditions (2003-2004 Period) (in Turkish). Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13(2), 128-136.
• FAO 2019. Statistical Database. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E. (Date of access: 16 December, 2019).
• Gunes N.T. 2006. Frost hardiness of some Turkish apricot cultivars during the bloom period. HortScience, 41(2): 310-312.
• Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., Lo, K., Lea, D.W. M. Medina‐Elizade. 2006. Global temperature change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103: 14288–14293. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas. 0606291103
• Imani, A. and Khani, Y.M. 2012. Characteristics of almond selections in relation to late frost spring. International Journal of Nuts and Related Sciences, 2(2): 77-80.
• IPCC 2012. Summary for policymakers. In C.B. Field, V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Quin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, P. Midgley (Ed.), Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation (pp. 1–19). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
• Liu, J. and Sheirf, M.S. 2019. Combating Spring Frost With Ethylene. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10:1-6.
• Ma, Q., Huang, J-G., Hänninen, H. and F. Berninger. 2019. Divergent trends in the risk of spring frost damage to trees in Europe with recent warming. Global Change Biology, 25: 351-360. Doi:10.1111/gcb.14479.
• Murray M. 2011. Critical Temperatures for Frost Damage on Fruit Trees. Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory.
• Özkarakaş, I. and Gülcan, R. 2000. Researches on frost resistance of some important apricot cultivars grown in the Aegean Region (Rest Period) (in Turkish). Anatolia 1, 1-20.
• Öztürk, K., Küden, A.B. Ölmez, H.A. and U. Güloğlu. 2001. Effect of cold exposure times on the resistance of some dried apricot cultivars grown in Malatya to winter cold and spring late frosts. Turkey I. Stone Fruits Symposium on 25-28 September 2001 Yalova, 491-499.
• Pfleiderer, P., Menke, I. and C.F. Schleussner. 2019. Increasing risks of apple tree frost damage under climate change. Climatic Change, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10584-019-02570-Y.
• Schwartz, M.D., Ahas, R. and A. Aasa. 2006. Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere. Global Change Biology, 12: 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01097.x
• Szabo, Z., Soltesz, M., Buban, T. and J. Nyeki. 1995. Low winter temperature injury to apricot flower buds in Hungary. Acta Horticulturae, 384: 273-276.
• Szalay, L., Gyökös, I.G. and Z. Békefi. 2018. Cold hardiness of peach flowers at different phenological stages. Horticultural Science 45(3), 119-124. DOI: 10.17221/46/2016 TUIK 2019. Turkish Statistical Institute. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do. (Date of access: 16 December, 2019).