Trialeurodes vaporariorum ve Macrosiphum euphorbiae ile Bulaşma Seviyesine Göre Tuta absoluta’nın Yumurta Bırakma Tercihi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 2, 267 - 276, 30.06.2020

Ali Kemal Birgücü , Hasan Bilgiç , İsmail Karaca

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.631635

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Tuta
absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’nın yumurta bırakma
tercihine, herbivor böcek zararı sonucu konukçu bitkiden salınan uçucu yağların
etkisi araştırılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) ve Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) ile
bulaşık konukçu bitkilere, T. absoluta’nın
bıraktığı yumurta sayıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca T. absoluta’nın, bileşik yapraklarına mekanik olarak zarar verilmiş
domates bitkilerine, bıraktığı yumurta sayıları da değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Kontrol grubu olarak kullanılan temiz bitkilere (15,05
yumurta/dişi), diğer zararlılarla bulaşık olan bitkilere göre, bırakılan
yumurta sayısı daha fazladır. Kontrol bitkilerinden sonra en fazla yumurta
bırakılan bitki M. euphorbiae’nın
bileşik yaprak başına 5 ergin bireyi ile bulaşık domates bitkileridir (7,48
yumurta/dişi). En az yumurta (3,79 yumurta/dişi) ise T. vaporariorum’un bileşik yaprak başına 40–50 ergin bireyi ile
bulaşık domates bitkilerine bırakılmıştır. M.
euphorbiae ile bulaşık bitkiler içerisinde ise en az yumurta bırakılanı
(4,34 yumurta/dişi) bileşik yaprak başına 15 ergin bireyi ile bulaşık olan
bitkiler olmuştur. Ayrıca, M. euphorbiae
ile bulaşık bitkilere göre, T.
vaporariorum ile bulaşık bitkilere daha az yumurta bırakıldığı
belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bırakılan yumurta sayısının, domates
bitkilerindeki bulaşıklık miktarının artışı ile ters orantılı olarak azaldığı
görülmüştür. Ayrıca, mekanik zarar verilmiş bileşik yaprak sayısı arttıkça T. absoluta tarafından bırakılan yumurta
sayısının azaldığı görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, herbivor böceklerin yapmış
olduğu zarar sonucunda konukçu bitkilerden salınan uçucu yağların, T. absoluta’nın mücadelesinde kullanılma
potansiyeli olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Domates, herbivor, konukçu bitki, uçucu yağ, yumurta bırakma

Destekleyen Kurum

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi Başkanlığı

Proje Numarası

4635-YL1-16 No`lu Proje

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmaya, 4635-YL1-16 No`lu Proje ile finansal destek sağlayan Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi Başkanlığı’na teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

• Anastasaki E, Balayannis G, Papanikolaou NE, Michaelakis AN, Milonas PG. 2015. Oviposition Induced Volatiles in Tomato Plants. Phytochemistry Letters, 13, 262-266.
• Arimura G, Matsui K, Takabayashi J. 2009. Chemical and Molecular Ecology of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles: Proximate Factors and Their Ultimate Functions. Plant Cell Physiol, 50: 911-923.
• Bawin T, De Backer L, Dujeu D, Legrand P, Caparros Megido R, Francis F, Verheggen FJ. 2014. Infestation Level Influences Oviposition Site Selection in the Tomato Leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Insects, 5(4): 877-884.
• Bayındır A, Özger Ş, Karaca İ, Birgücü AK, Hassan E. 2015. Effects of Some Plant Extracts on Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Under Laboratory Conditions. Adv Food Sci, 37(3): 132-137.
• Birgücü AK, Bayındır A, Çelikpençe Y, Karaca İ. 2014a. Growth Inhibitory Effects of Bio- and Synthetic Insecticides on Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Turk Entomol Derg, 38(4): 389-400.
• Birgücü, A.K., Çelikpençe, Y., Karaca, İ., 2014b. Böcek Yumurtası ve Konukçu Bitki Arasındaki Karşılıklı İlişkiler. Türk Entomol Bült, 4(2): 107-119.
• Birgücü AK, Satar S, Karaca İ. 2015b. Effects of some plant extracts on Aphis gossypii Glover. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Takahashi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Asian J Agr Food Sci, 3(2): 149-154.
• Birgücü AK, Turanlı F, Gümüş E, Güzel B, Karsavuran Y. 2015a. The Effect of Grape Cultivars on Oviposition Preference and Larval Survival of Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Fresen Environ Bull, 24(1): 33-38.
• Cabello T, Gallego JR, Vila E, Soler A, Carnero A, Hernández Suárez E, Polaszek A. 2009. Biological Control of the South American Tomato Pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Lep.: Gelechiidae), with Releases of Trichogramma achaeae (Hym.:Trichogrammatidae) in Tomato Greenhouse of Spain. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 49: 225-230.
• Caparros Megido R, De Backer L, Ettaib R, Brostaux Y, Fauconnier ML, Delaplace P, Lognay G, Belkadhi MS, Haubruge E, Francis F, Verheggen FJ. 2014. Role of Larval Host Plant Experience and Solanaceous Plant Volatile Emissions in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Host Finding Behavior. Arthropod Plant Interact, 8(4): 293-304.
• De Backer L, Caparros Megido R, Fauconnier ML, Brostaux Y, Francis F, Verheggen F. 2015. Tuta absoluta-Induced Plant Volatiles: Attractiveness towards the Generalist Predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. Arthropod Plant Interact, 9(5): 465-476.
• De Moraes CM, Mescher MC, Tumlinson JH. 2001. Caterpillar-Induced Nocturnal Plant Volatiles Repel Conspecific Females. Nature, 410: 577-580.
• Desneux N, Wajnberg E, Wyckhuys KAG, Burgio G, Arpaia S, Vasques CAN, Cabrera JG, Ruescas DC, Tabone E, Frandon J, Pizzol J, Poncet C, Cabello T, Urbaneja A. 2010. Biological Invasion of European Tomato Crops by Tuta absoluta: Ecology, Geographic Expansion and Prospects for Biological Control. J Pest Sci, 83: 197-215.
• Dicke M. 1999. Are Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles Reliable Indicators of Herbivore Identity to Foraging Carnivorous Arthropods?. Entomol Exp Appl, 91: 131-142.
• Dudareva N, Negre F, Nagegovda DA. 2006. Orlova I. Plant Volatiles: Recent Advances and Future Perpectives. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci, 25: 417-440.
• Grodnitzky JA, Coats JR. 2002. QSAR Evaluation of Monoterpenoids Insecticidal Activity. J Agric Food Chem, 50:, 4576-4580.
• Heil M. 2008. Indirect Defence via Tritrophic Interactions. New Phytologist, 178, 41-61.
• Hilker M, Fatouros NE. 2015. Plant Responses to Insect Egg Deposition. Annu Rev Entomol, 60: 493-515.
• Hilker M, Meiners T. 2002. Induction of Plant Responses to Oviposition and Feeding by Herbivorous Arthropods: A Comparison. Entomol Exp Appl, 104: 181-192.
• Hilker M, Meiners T. 2011. Plants and Insect Eggs: How Do They Affect Each Other? Phytochemistry, 72: 1612-1623.
• Karban R. 2010. Neighbors Affect Resistance to Herbivory-A New Mechanism. New Phytol, 186: 565-566.
• Karban R, Baldwin IT, Baxter KJ, Laue G, Felton GW. 2000. Communication Between Plants: Induced Resistance in Wild Tobacco Plants Following Clipping of Neighboring Sagebrush. Oecologia, 125: 6671.
• Kessler A, Baldwin IT. 2001. Defensive Function of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatile Emissions in Nature. Science, 291: 2141-2144.
• Kılıç T. 2010. First Record of Tuta absoluta in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 38(3): 243-244.
• Kim SI, Roh JY, Kim DH, Lee HS, Ahn YJ. 2003. Insecticidal Activities of Aromatic Plant Extracts and Essential Oils against Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus chinensis. J Food Process Preserv, 39: 293-303.
• Lietti MMM, Botto E, Alzogaray RA. 2005. Insecticide Resistance in Argentine Populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Neotrop Entomol, 34(1): 113-119.
• López YIÁ, Martínez-Gallardo NA, Ramírez-Romero R, López MG, Sánchez-Hernández C, Délano-Frier JP. 2012. Cross-Kingdom Effects of Plant-Plant Signaling via Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Plants Infested by the Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). J Chem Ecol, 38: 1376-1386.
• Mansour FU, Putievsky E. 1986. Studies on The Effects of Essential Oils Isolated from 14 Species of Labiatae on The Carmine Spider Mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Phytoparasitica, 14: 137-142.
• Markovic I, Norris DM, Phillips JK, Webster FX. 1996. Volatiles Involved in the Nonhost Rejection of Fraxinus pennsylvanica by Lymantria dispar Larvae. J Agric Food Chem, 44: 929-935.
• Mwangi JW, Muriuki G, Munavu R, Lwande W, Hassanali A. 1992. Essential Oils of Lippia Species in Kenya. IV: Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Repellency and Larvicidal Activity. Int J Pharmacognosy, 30(1): 9-16.
• Ndungu M, Lwande W, Hassanali A, Moreka L, Chhabra SC. 1995. Cleome Monophylla Essential Oil and Its Constituents as Tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) and Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Repellents. Entomol Exp Appl, 76: 271-222.
• Pereyra PC, Sanchez NE. 2006. Effect of Two Solanaceous Plants on Developmental and Population Parameters of the Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Neotrop Entomol, 35(5): 671-676.
• Proffit M, Birgersson G, Bengtsson M, Reis JR, Witzgall P, Lima E. 2011. Attraction and Oviposition of Tuta absoluta Females in Response to Tomato Leaf Volatiles. J Chem Ecol, 37: 565-574.
• Rodriguez-Saona CR, Rodriguez-Saona LE, Frost CJ. 2009. Herbivore-Induced Volatiles in the Perennial Shrub, Vaccinium corymbosum, and Their Role in Interbranch Signaling. J Chem Ecol, 35: 163-175.
• Schmitt A. 1994. Plant Extracts As Pest and Disease Control Agents. Proceedings of the International Meeting, 2–3 June 1994, Trento, 264-272.
• Shaaya E, Ravid U, Paster N, Kostjukovsky M, Menasherov M, Plotkin S. 1993. Essential Oils and Their Components as Active Fumigants against Several Species of Stored Product Insects and Fungi. Acta Horticulturae, International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Maastricht, 344: 131-137.
• Shukla HS, Upadhyay PD, Tripathi SC. 1989. Insect Repellent Property of Essential Oils of Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum and Anethole. Pesticides, 23: 33-35.
• Singh D, Siddiqui MS, Sharma S. 1989. Reproduction Retardant and Fumigant Properties in Essential Oils against Rice Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Wheat. J Econ Entomol, 82: 727-733.
• Siqueira HAA, Guedes RNC, Fragoso DB, Magalhães LC. 2001, Abamectin Resistance and Synergism in Brazilian Populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Int J Pest Manage, 47(4): 247-251.
• Siqueira HAA, Guedes RNC, Picanço MC. 2000. Insecticide Resistance in Populations of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Agric For Entomol, 2(2): 147-153.
• Tukey JW. 1949. Comparing Individual Means in The Analyses of Variance. Biometrics, 5: 99-114.
• Turlings TCJ, Ton J. 2006. Exploiting Scents of Distress: The Prospect of Manipulating Herbivore-İnduced Plant Odours to Enhance the Control of Agricultural Pests. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 9: 421-427.
• Ulland S, Ian E, Mozuraitis R, Borg-Karlson AK, Meadow R, Mustaparta H. 2008. Methyl Salicylate, Identified as Primary Odorant of a Specific Receptor Neuron Type, Inhibits Oviposition by the Moth Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Chem Senses, 33: 35-46.
• USDA. 2011. New Pest Response Guidelines: Tomato Leafminer (Tuta absoluta). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Cooperating State Departments of Agriculture, 5/2011-01.
• Uygun N, Ulusoy MR, Başpınar H. 1998. Sebze Zararlıları, I. Baskı. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No: 213. Ders Kitapları No: A 68, Adana, 168s.
• Vargas H. 1970. Observaciones sobre la biología y enemigos naturales de la polilla del tomate, Gnorimoschema absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep. Gelechiidae). Departamento de Agricultura, Universidad del Norte-Arica, 1: 75-110.
• Yalçın M, Mermer S, Kozacı LD, Turgut C. 2015. Insecticide Resistance in Two Populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Turkey. Turk Entomol Derg, 39(2): 137-145.
• Zakir A, Sadek MM, Bengtsson M, Hansson BS, Witzgall P, Anderson P. 2013. Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles Provide Associational Resistance against an Ovipositing Herbivore. J Ecol, 101: 410-417.