Determination of morphological and physiological tolerance levels of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) hybrids obtained by hybrid combinations salt stress in hydroponic conditions

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 60 Sayı: 4 - Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 60 Sayı: 4, 665 - 678, 05.01.2024

Alim Aydın , Hakan Başak

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1284786

Öz

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the salt stress tolerance levels of gourd hybrids obtained using advanced lines, which were determined in previous studies to be salt tolerant under hydroponic conditions.
Material and Methods: In the study, 4 female parent lines (S7 level), 6 male parent lines (S3 level), 9 hybrid combinations, and 1 commercial bottle gourd rootstock were used as material. Principal component analysis and clustering analyses were applied to determine the salt tolerance levels of the study materials.
Results: Members of the cluster that are salt tolerant; While hybrid combinations numbered 8×A13, 9×A11, 6×A12, and 6×A10, those with moderate salt tolerance were plants numbered 9×A1, 1×A13, 8×A16 and A1.
Conclusion: Except for hybrids 6×A11 and 9×A16, all other hybrid combinations showed greater tolerance to salt stress than the parental lines and the commercial bottle gourd variety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rootstock, watermelon, hybrid combinations, hydroponic culture, salt stress

Farklı melez kombinasyonları ile elde edilmiş su kabağı (Lagenaria siceraria) melezlerinin su kültürü koşullarında tuz stresine morfolojik ve fizyolojik olarak tolerans düzeylerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, tuza toleranslı oldukları önceki çalışmalarda belirlenen, ileri kademelerdeki hatların kullanılması ile elde edilen su kabağı melezlerinin su kültürü koşullarında tuz stresine tolerans seviyelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 4 adet ana ebeveyn hat (S7 kademesinde), 6 adet baba ebeveyn hat (S3 kademesinde), 9 adet melez kombinasyonu ve 1 adet ticari su kabağı anacı materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma materyallerinin tuza tolerans seviyelerini belirlemek üzere, temel bileşen analizi ve kümeleme analizleri uygulanmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Tuza tolerant olan kümenin üyeleri; 8×A13, 9×A11, 6×A12 ve 6×A10 nolu melez kombinasyonları olurken, orta düzeyde tuz toleransına sahip olanlar ise 9×A1, 1×A13, 8×A16 ve A1 nolu bitkiler olmuştur.
Sonuç: 6xA11 ve 9×A16 melezleri hariç diğer tüm melez kombinasyonları, ana ve baba hatlar ile ticari su kabağı çeşidinden tuz stresine daha fazla tolerans göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anaç, karpuz, melez kombinasyonları, su kültürü, tuz stresi

Kaynakça

• Albacete, A., C. Martinez-Andujar, M.E. Ghanem, M. Acosta, J. Sanchez-Bravo, M.J. Asins, J. Cuartero, S. Lutts, I.C. Dodd & F. Perez-Alfocea, 2009. Rootstock-mediated changes in xylem ionic and hormonal status are correlated with delayed leaf senescence, and increased leaf area and crop productivity in salinized tomato. Plant, Cell & Environment, 32 (7): 928-938. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01973.x
• Alzahrani, Y., A. Kuşvuran, H.F. Alharby, S. Kuşvuran & M. Rady, 2018. The defensive role of silicon in wheat against stress conditions induced by drought, salinity or cadmium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 154: 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.057
• Andrade, G.C., C.M. Medeiros Coelho & V.G. Uarrota, 2020. Modelling the vigour of maize seeds submitted to artificial accelerated ageing based on ATR-FTIR data and chemometric tools (PCA, HCA and PLS-DA). Heliyon, 6 (2): e03477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03477
• Ashraf, M. & M.R. Foolad, 2007. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59 (2): 206-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.12.006
• Aydın, A. & H. Yetişir, 2022. The Effect of Rootstock (C. maxima × C. moschata) Use on Leaf Hairiness in Melon. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2 (2): 214-223.
• Aydın, A. & H. Yetişir, 2023a. Rootstock effect of auto- and allotetraploid citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) on hydroponically grown cucumber under salt stress. Gesunde Pflanzen, 75: 1193-1206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00782-4
• Aydin, A. & H. Yetişir, 2023b. A comparative study of morphological characteristics in diploid and tetraploid (auto and allotetraploids) Citrullus genotypes. Folia Horticulturae, 35 (1): 33-48. https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0003
• Azam, M., S. Zhang, A.M. Abdelghany, A.S. Shaibu, Y. Feng, Y. Li, Y. Tian, H. Hong, B. Li & J. Sun, 2020. Seed isoflavone profiling of 1168 soybean accessions from major growing ecoregions in China. Food Research International, 130: 108957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108957
• Colla, G., Y. Rouphael, C. Leonardi & Z. Bie, 2010. Role of grafting in vegetable crops grown under saline conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 127 (2): 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.004
• Colla, G., Y. Rouphael, M. Cardarelli & E. Rea, 2006. Effect of salinity on yield, fruit quality, leaf gas exchange, and mineral composition of grafted watermelon plants. HortScience, 41 (3): 622-627. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.622
• Das, B., Manohara, G.R. Mahajan & R.N. Sahoo, 2019. Spectroscopy based novel spectral indices, PCA- and PLSR-coupled machine learning models for salinity stress phenotyping of rice. Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 229: 117983-117983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2019.117983
• Dasgan, H.Y., H. Aktas, K. Abak & I. Cakmak, 2002. Determination of screening techniques to salinity tolerance in tomatoes and investigation of genotype responses. Plant Science, 163 (4): 695-703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452 (02)00091-2
• Decker-Walters, D.S., M. Wilkins-Ellert, S. M. Chung & J. E. Staub, 2004. Discovery and genetic assessment of wild bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley; Cucurbitaceae] from Zimbabwe. Economic Botany, 58 (4): 501-508. https://doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001 (2004)058[0501:DAGAOW]2.0.CO;2
• Emirzeoğlu, C. & H. Başak, 2020. Orta anadolu biber genotiplerinin farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarına tolerans düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 6 (2): 129-140. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.689347
• FAO, 2022. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ( https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL) (Erişim Tarihi: 20:05:2023).
• Farshadfar, E. & P. Elyasi, 2012. Screening quantitative indicators of drought tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 2 (3): 577-584
• Gong, B., X. Li, S. Bloszies, D. Wen, S. Sun, M. Wei, Y. Li, F. Yang, Q. Shi & X. Wang, 2014. Sodic alkaline stress mitigation by interaction of nitric oxide and polyamines involves antioxidants and physiological strategies in Solanum lycopersicum. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 71: 36-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.018
• Gürcan, K., A. Say, H. Yetişir & N. Denli, 2015. A study of genetic diversity in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] population, and implication for the historical origins on bottle gourds in Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 62: 321-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-015-0224-8
• Huang, Y., J. Li, B. Hua, Z. Liu, M. Fan & Z. Bie, 2013. Grafting onto different rootstocks as a means to improve watermelon tolerance to low potassium stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 149: 80-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.02.009
• King, S.R., A.R. Davis, X. Zhang & K. Crosby, 2010. Genetics, breeding and selection of rootstocks for Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Scientia Horticulturae, 127: 106-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.001
• Kistler, L., Á. Montenegro, B.D. Smith, J. A. Gifford, R. E. Green, L. A. Newsom & B. Shapiro, 2014. Transoceanic drift and the domestication of African bottle gourds in the Americas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111 (8): 2937-2941. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318678111
• Kocheva, K., P. Lambrev, G. Georgiev, V. Goltsev & M. Karabaliev, 2004. Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence and membrane injury in the leaves of barley cultivars under osmotic stress. Bioelectrochemistry, 63 (1-2): 121-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.09.020
• Liu, N., Z. Jin, S. Wang, B. Gong, D. Wen, X. Wang, M. Wei & Q. Shi, 2015. Sodic alkaline stress mitigation with exogenous melatonin involves reactive oxygen metabolism and ion homeostasis in tomato. Scientia Horticulturae, 181: 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2015.07.012
• Loukou, A.L., D. Gnakri, Y. Djè, A.V. Kippré, M.J.P.B. Malice, J.P. Baudoin & I.A. Bi, 2007. Macronutrient composition of three cucurbit species cultivated for seed consumption in Côte d’Ivoire. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (5): 529-533.
• Morton, M.J.L., M. Awlia, N. Al-Tamimi, S. Saade, Y. Pailles, S. Negrão & M. Tester, 2019. Salt stress under the scalpel - dissecting the genetics of salt tolerance. The Plant Journal, 97 (1): 148-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14189
• Munns, R. & M. Tester, 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 651-681. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911
• Naseer, M.N., F.U. Rahman, Z. Hussain, I.A. Khan, M.M. Aslam, A. Aslam & S. Iqbal, 2022. Effect of salinity stress on germination, seedling growth, mineral uptake and chlorophyll contents of three cucurbitaceae species. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 65: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210213
• Nawaz, M.A., X. Han, C. Chen, Z. Zheng, F. Shireen, Z. Bie & Y. Huang, 2018. Nitrogen use efficiency of watermelon grafted onto 10 wild watermelon rootstocks under low nitrogen conditions. Agronomy, 8 (11): 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110259
• Nisini, P.T., G. Colla, E. Granati, O.Temperini, P. Crino & F. Saccardo, 2002. Rootstock resistance to fusarium wilt and effect on fruit yield and quality of two muskmelon cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 93 (3-4): 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238 (01)00335-1
• Noorifarjam, S., E. Farshadfar & M. Saeidi, 2013. Evaluation of drought tolerant genotypes in bread wheat using yield based screening techniques. Pelagia Research Library European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3 (1): 138-143.
• Noorka, I.R. & I. Khaliq, 2007. An efficient technique for screening wheat (Triticum aestıvum L.) germplasm for drought tolerance. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39 (5): 1539-1546.
• Ouni, Y., T. Ghnaya, F. Montemurro, C. Abdelly & A. Lakhdar, 2014. The role of humic substances in mitigating the harmful effects of soil salinity and improve plant productivity. International Journal of Plant Production, 8 (3): 353-374. https://doi.org/10.22069/IJPP.2014.1614
• Pailles, Y., M. Awlia, M. Julkowska, L. Passone, K. Zemmouri, S. Negrão, S.M. Schmöckel & M. Tester, 2020. Diverse Traits Contribute to Salinity Tolerance of Wild Tomato Seedlings from the Galapagos Islands. Plant Physiology, 182 (1): 534-546. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00700
• Premachandra, G.S., H. Saneoka & S. Ogata, 1990. Cell membrane stability, an indicator of drought tolerance, as affected by applied nitrogen in soya bean. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 115 (1): 63-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600073925
• Rasel, M., M. Tahjib-Ul-Arif, M.A. Hossain, L. Hassan, S. Farzana & M. Brestic, 2021. Screening of salt-tolerant rice landraces by seedling stage phenotyping and dissecting biochemical determinants of tolerance mechanism. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 40 (5): 1853-1868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10235-9
• Rivero, R.M., J.M. Ruiz & L. Romero, 2003. Role of grafting in horticultural plants under stress conditions. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 1: 70-74.
• Rouphael, Y., M. Cardarelli, E. Rea & G. Colla, 2008. Grafting of cucumber as a means to minimize copper toxicity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63 (1-3): 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.10.015
• Rubaye Al, O.M., H. Yetisir, F.Ulas & A. Ulas, 2020. Growth of pepper inbred lines as affected by rootstocks with vigorous root system under salt stress conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 1273: 479-485. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1273.60
• Sairam, R.K. & D.C. Saxena, 2000. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in wheat genotypes: possible mechanism of water stress tolerance. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 184 (1): 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00358.x
• Schwarz, D., G.B. Öztekin, Y. Tüzel, B. Brückner & A. Krumbein, 2013. Rootstocks can enhance tomato growth and quality characteristics at low potassium supply. Scientia Horticulturae, 149: 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.06.013
• Shuvo, I.I., 2021. A holistic decision-making approach for identifying influential parameters affecting sustainable production process of canola bast fibers and predicting end-use textile choice using principal component analysis (PCA). Heliy, 7 (2): e06235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06235
• Soteriou, G.A. & M.C. Kyriacou, 2015. Rootstock-Mediated effects on watermelon field performance and fruit quality characteristics. 21 (4): 344-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2014.881454
• Thies, J.A., J.J. Ariss, C.S. Kousik, R.L. Hassell & A. Levi, 2016. Resistance to southern Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides). Journal of Nematology, 48 (1): 14-19. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2017-004
• Ulas, A., A. Aydin, F. Ulas, H. Yetisir & T.F. Miano, 2020. Cucurbita rootstocks improve salt tolerance of melon scions by inducing physiological, biochemical and nutritional responses. Horticulturae, 6 (4): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040066
• Ulas, F., H. Yetisir & A. Ulas, 2021. Root-growth characteristics contributing to nitrogen efficiency of reciprocally grafted potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) under hydroponic conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen, 73 (4): 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00560-8
• Uygur, V. & H. Yetisir, 2009. Effects of rootstocks on some growth parameters, phosphorous and nitrogen uptake watermelon under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32 (4): 629-643. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802715448
• Uzair, M., S.B. Patil, H. Zhang, A. Kumar, H. Mkumbwa, S.A. Zafar, Y. Chun, J. Fang, J. Zhao, M.R. Khan, S. Yuan & X. Li, 2022. Screening direct seeding-related traits by using an improved mesocotyl elongation assay and association between seedling and maturity traits in rice. Agronomy, 12 (4): 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040975
• Vahdati, K., N. Lotfi, B. Kholdebarin, D. Hassani, R. Amiri, M.R. Mozaffari & C. Leslie, 2009. Screening for drought-tolerant genotypes of Persian walnuts (Juglans regia L.) during seed germination. HortScience, 44 (7): 1815-1819. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.7.1815
• Yamaguchi, T. & E. Blumwald, 2005. Developing salt-tolerant crop plants: challenges and opportunities. Trends in Plant Science, 10 (12): 615-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2005.10.002
• Yan, Y., S. Wang, M. Wei, B. Gong & Q. Shi, 2018. Effect of different rootstocks on the salt stress tolerance in watermelon seedlings. Horticultural Plant Journal, 4 (6): 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2018.08.003
• Yetișir, H., N. Denli, A. Ata, A. Ulaș, H. Pınar, H. Kırnak & Yamaç, M, 2016. ‘’Determination of salt tolerance potential of Turkish bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) germplasm, 278-282’’. In Cucurbitaceae 2016, XIth Eucarpia Meeting on Cucurbit Genetics & Breeding, Proceedings (July 24-28, 2016, Warsaw, Poland), 353 pp.
• Yetışır, H., N. Sari & S. Yücel, 2003. Rootstock resistance to Fusarium wilt and effect on watermelon fruit yield and quality. Phytoparasitica, 31: 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980786
• Yetişir, H., Ş. Kurt, N. Sari & F.M. Tok, 2007. Rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon: plant growth, graft compatibility, and resistance to Fusarium. Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry, 31: 381-388.
• Yuan, L., S. Zhu, S. Shu, J. Sun & S. Guo, 2015. Regulation of 2,4-epibrassinolide on mineral nutrient uptake and ion distribution in Ca (NO3)2 stressed cucumber plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 188: 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2015.06.010
• Zhu, J., Z. Bie & Y. Li, 2008. Physiological and growth responses of two different salt-sensitive cucumber cultivars to NaCl stress. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 54 (3): 400-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00245.x