Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde örtüaltı ve açık alanda yetiştirilen bazı incir çeşitlerinin erkencilik, verim ve meyve kalite özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 61 Sayı: 3, 321 - 334, 18.09.2024
Oğuzhan Çalışkan
,
Derya Kılıç
,
Safder Beyazit
,
Fatih Şen
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde örtüaltında ve açık alanda yetiştirilen Bursa Siyahı ve Nazareth incir çeşitlerinin verim ve meyve kalite özelliklerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında sürdürülmüştür.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada örtüaltında ve açıkta yetiştirilen çeşitlerde, bazı fenolojik, verim ve meyve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca meyvelerin kabuk ve et rengi L*, a* ve C* değeri olarak belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: Örtüaltı yetiştiriciliğin Bursa Siyahı çeşidinde 10 ile 13 gün, Nazareth çeşidinde ise 10 günlük bir erkencilik sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Bursa Siyahı çeşidinde en yüksek meyve ağırlığı açık alandan (65.19 g) elde edilirken, Nazareth çeşidinde örtüaltından (36.50 g) elde edilmiştir. Nazareth çeşidinin suda çözünebilir toplam kuru madde miktarı (SÇKM) içeriği hem örtüaltında (%21.07) hem açık alanda (%22.17), Bursa Siyahı çeşidinden (sırasıyla, %20.73 ve %20.54) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Örtüaltında yetiştirilen Bursa Siyahı çeşidinde, 2020 ve 2021 yıllarındaki dekara verim değerleri (sırasıyla, 0.164 ton/da ve 0.394 ton/da) açık alana göre (sırasıyla, 1.667 ton/da ve 2.257 ton/da) daha düşük bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bursa Siyahı ve Nazareth çeşitlerinin iyilop ürünlerinin örtüaltı yetiştiriciliğinde erkenci yetiştiricilik için önemli avantajlar sağladığı, bununla birlikte daha uzun süreli araştırma sonuçları ile daha net sonuçlar elde edilmesi gerekmektedir.
Etik Beyan
Yazarlar arasında herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmayı destekleyen Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimine (Proje Numarası: 19.A.002) teşekkür ediyoruz.
Kaynakça
- Ahi Koşar, D., M.B. Koşar, R.B. Oran & Ü. Ertürk, 2022. Effect of pollen sources on fruit set and quality of edible fig (Ficus carica L.) cv. ‘Bursa Siyahı’. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 50 (3): 12831. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50312831.
- Aksoy, U. & M.A. Flaishman, 2022. “Fig Varieties, 403-415”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0023.
- Aksoy, U., B. Balcı, H.Z. Can & S. Hepaksoy, 2003. Some significant of the research–work in Turkey on fig. Acta Horticulturae, 605: 173-181. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.605.26.
- Batless-delaFuente, A., L.J. Belmonte-Ureña, M. Duque-Acevedo & F. Camacho-Ferre, 2022 . A profitable alternative for the spanish southeast: the case of production of figs in greenhouses. Agronomy, 12: 2577. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102577.
- Bayazıt, S., O. Çalışkan & D. Kılıç, 2021. Akdeniz Bölgesinde örtüaltı meyve yetiştiriciliği. Bahçe, 50: 59-70.
- Byeon, S.E. & J. Lee, 2020. Fruit quality and major primary metabolites differ across production systems in cold stored figs (Ficus carica L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 274: 109669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109669.
- Can, H.Z., 2022. “Fig Orchard Establishment, 83-96”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0007.
- Çalışkan, O. & A.A. Polat, 2008. Fruit characteristics of fig cultivars and genotypes grown in Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 115: 360-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.10.017.
- Çalışkan, O. & A.A. Polat, 2012a. Morphological diversity among fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions sampled from the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 26: 179-193. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1102-33.
- Çalışkan, O. & A.A. Polat, 2012b. Effects of genotype and harvest year on phytochemical and fruit quality properties of Turkish fig genotypes. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10: 1048-1058. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012104-2652.
- Çalışkan, O. & S. Bayazıt, 2012. İncir yetiştiriciliğinde ilekleme ve önemi. MKÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17: 47-61.
- Çalışkan, O., 2012. Türkiye’de sofralik incir yetiştiriciliğinin mevcut durumu ve geleceği. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 26: 71-87.
- Çalışkan, O., S. Bayazit, M. Ilgin & N. Karataş, 2017. Morphological diversity of caprifig (Ficus carica var. caprificus) accessions in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey: Potential utility for caprification. Scientia Horticulturae, 222: 46-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.008.
- Çalışkan, O., S. Bayazıt, K. Gündüz & S. Kaya, 2018. Kordon budama sisteminde yetiştirilen Bursa Siyahı incir çeşidinin morfolojik özelliklerine ait ilk bulgular. Bahçe, 47: 1-5.
- Çalışkan, O., S. Bayazıt, K. Gündüz, D. Kılıç & S. Göktaş, 2021. Earliness, yield, and fruit quality characteristics in low chill peach-nectarines: a comparison of protected and open area cultivation. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 45: 191-202. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-2005-30.
- Çalışkan, O. & D. Kılıç, 2022. “Effect of Cordon Pruning System on Yield and Fruit Quality Characteristics of ‘Bursa Siyahı’ Fig Cultivar, 131-146”. In: Ficus carica Production, Cultivation and Uses (Ed. Z. Dalkılıç), Nova Science Publishing, New York, USA, 246 pp. https://doi.org/10.52305/TPCS5872.
- Çalışkan, O. & O. Dalkılıç, 2022. “Ancient History and Cultural Heritage of Ficus carica in Turkey, 1-24”. In: Ficus carica Production, Cultivation and Uses (Ed. Z. Dalkılıç), Nova Science Publishing, New York, USA, 246 pp. https://doi.org/10.52305/TPCS5872.
- Demiral, S. & S. Ülger, 2021. Farklı uygulamaların plastik serada saksıda yetiştirilen bazı şeftali çeşitlerinin erkencilik ve meyve özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 34: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.695030.
- Doğan, A., 2022. Effects of different oxygen levels with high-carbon dioxide atmosphere on postharvest quality of fresh fig under palliflex storage systems. Horticulturae, 8: 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050353
- Ercişli, S., M. Tosun, H. Karlıdağ, A. Dzubur, S. Hadziabulic & Y. Aliman, 2012. Color and antioxidant characteristics of some fresh fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes from Northeastern Turkey. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 67: 271-276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-012-0292-2.
- Ertan, B., 2016. Bazı Sofralık İncir Çeşitlerinin Uygun Hasat Zamanı ve Depolama Performanslarının Belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış) Doktora Tezi, Aydın. 320s.
- Ferraz, R.A., S. Leonel, J.M.A. Souza, R.B. Ferreira, J.H. Modesto & L.L. Arruda, 2020. Phenology, vegetative growth, and yield performance of fig in Southeastern Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 55: e01192. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01192.
- Flaishman, M.A., 2022. “Horticultural Practices under Various Climatic Conditions, 117-138”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0009.
- Gaaliche, B., M. Trad & M. Messaoud, 2011. Effect of pollination intensity, frequency and pollen source on fig (Ficus carica L.) productivity and fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 130: 737-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.08.032.
- Hosomi, A., T. Isobe & Y. Miwa, 2015. Shoot growth and fruit production of the ‘Masui Dauphine’ variety of fig (Ficus carica L.) undergoing renewal long pruning. Jarq-Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 49: 391-397. https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.49.391.
- İrget, M.E. & M.K. Meriç, 2022. “Soil Management, Fertilization, and İrrigation, 97-116”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0008.
- Kamota, F., 1986. Protected cultivation of fruit trees in Japan. JARQ, 22: 108-113.
- Kaşka, N., C. Onur, S. Onur & A.Ç. Yastı, 1981. Akdeniz Bölgesi için Erkenci Kayısı Çeşitleri Seleksiyonu. TÜBİTAK-TOVAG, TOAG-ABBÜ-12, 31 s.
- Kılıç, D. & O. Çalışkan, 2022. “Effects of heat and bagging applications on early-ripening and fruit quality characteristics of some new apricot cultivars under protected cultivation, 1428-1438”. Proceedings of the XIII International Scientific Agricultural Symposium. Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1461 pp.
- Lang, G., L. Sage & T. Wilkinson, 2014. High tunnel fruiting wall nectarines, apricots/apriums, and plum/pluots/plumcots: Post-establishment fruiting phase. Final Report. (Web page: http://mihortsociety.com/data/uploads/14research/LangFinalReport2014.pdf) (Date accessed: Ağustus 2023).
- Liao, Y., Q. Zhang & Y. Shen, 2018. Methods key to annual production of fig fruit in greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 45: 2437-2441. https://doi.org/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0841.
- Lim, J., J. You, J. Park & J. Moon, 2018. Trend of domestic fig industry and its implications. Agribusiness and Information Management, 10: 16-25. https://doi.org/10.14771/AIM.10.1.2.
- McGuire, R.G., 1992. Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience, 27: 1254-1255. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.27.12.1254.
- Melgarejo, P., J.J. Martínez, F. Hernández, D.M. Salazar & R. Martínez, 2007. Preliminary results on fig soil-less culture. Scientia Horticulturae, 111: 255-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.10.032.
- Mendozo-Castillo, V.M., J.M. Vargas-Canales, G. Calderon-Zavala, M.C. Mendozo-Castillo & A. Santacruz-Varela, 2017. Intensive production systems of fig (Ficus carica L.) under greenhouse conditions. Experimental Agriculture, 53: 339-350. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479716000405.
- Rosianski, Y., Z.E. Freiman, S.M. Cochavi, Z. Yablovitz, Z. Kerem & M.A. Flaishman, 2016. Advanced analysis of developmental and ripening characteristics of pollinated common-type fig (Ficus carica L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 198: 98-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.11.027.
- SAS Institute, 2005. SAS Online Doc. Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
- Souza, A.P., A.C. Silva, S. Leonel & J.F. Escobedo, 2009. Basic temperatures and thermal sum for the fig trees pruned in different months. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 31: 314-322. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452009000200005.
- Sugiura, T., M. Takeuchi, T. Kobayashi, Y. Omine, I. Yonaha, S. Konno & M. Shoda, 2023. Relationship between acid and soluble solid content of pineapple and temperature. The Horticultural Journal, 92: 227-235. https://doi.org/10.2503/hortj.QH-055.
- Şen, F., 2022. “Postharvest Handling of Dried Fig Fruit, 232-254”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0014.
- Tüzel, Y. & G.B. Öztekin, 2015. Protected cultivation in Turkey. Chronica Horticulturae, 55: :21-26.
- Yablowitz, Z., G. Nir & A. Erez, 1998. Breba fig production in Israel: regular and pesticide-free systems. Acta Horticulturae, 480: 137-141. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1998.480.23.
- Yaman, S. & O. Çalışkan, 2014. İncir’de (Ficus carica L.) tozlayıcının verim ve meyve kalite özelliklerine etkileri. MKU Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19: 34-46.
Comparison of earliness, yield and fruit quality properties of some fig cultivars growing under greenhouse and open field in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Türkiye
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 61 Sayı: 3, 321 - 334, 18.09.2024
Oğuzhan Çalışkan
,
Derya Kılıç
,
Safder Beyazit
,
Fatih Şen
Öz
Objective: This study was carried out to compare the yield and fruit quality characteristics of Bursa Siyahı and Nazareth fig cultivars grown under greenhouse and open field, in 2020 and 2021, in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Türkiye.
Material and Methods: In the study, some phenological, yield, and fruit quality characteristics of the cultivars grown in greenhouse and open field were compared. In addition, fruit skin and flesh color were measured as L*, a*, and C* values with a colorimeter.
Results: Greenhouse cultivation provided earliness of 10 to 13 days in Bursa Siyahı and 10 days in Nazareth. While the highest fruit weight was obtained from the open field (65.19 g) in Bursa Siyahı, the highest fruit weight was obtained from the greenhouse (36.50 g) in Nazareth. The total soluble solid (TSS) content of Nazareth cultivar grown in greenhouse (21.07%) and open field (22.17%) was found higher than Bursa Siyahı cultivar (20.73% and 20.54%, respectively). The yield values per decare (0.164 tons/da and 0.394 tons/da, respectively) of Bursa Siyahı grown in greenhouse were lower than the open field (1.667 tons/da and 2.257 tons/da, respectively).
Conclusion: Bursa Siyahı and Nazareth cultivars provide significant advantages for early ripening in main crop products in greenhouse cultivation, however, it is necessary to obtain detailed results with longer-term research.
Kaynakça
- Ahi Koşar, D., M.B. Koşar, R.B. Oran & Ü. Ertürk, 2022. Effect of pollen sources on fruit set and quality of edible fig (Ficus carica L.) cv. ‘Bursa Siyahı’. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 50 (3): 12831. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50312831.
- Aksoy, U. & M.A. Flaishman, 2022. “Fig Varieties, 403-415”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0023.
- Aksoy, U., B. Balcı, H.Z. Can & S. Hepaksoy, 2003. Some significant of the research–work in Turkey on fig. Acta Horticulturae, 605: 173-181. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.605.26.
- Batless-delaFuente, A., L.J. Belmonte-Ureña, M. Duque-Acevedo & F. Camacho-Ferre, 2022 . A profitable alternative for the spanish southeast: the case of production of figs in greenhouses. Agronomy, 12: 2577. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102577.
- Bayazıt, S., O. Çalışkan & D. Kılıç, 2021. Akdeniz Bölgesinde örtüaltı meyve yetiştiriciliği. Bahçe, 50: 59-70.
- Byeon, S.E. & J. Lee, 2020. Fruit quality and major primary metabolites differ across production systems in cold stored figs (Ficus carica L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 274: 109669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109669.
- Can, H.Z., 2022. “Fig Orchard Establishment, 83-96”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0007.
- Çalışkan, O. & A.A. Polat, 2008. Fruit characteristics of fig cultivars and genotypes grown in Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 115: 360-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.10.017.
- Çalışkan, O. & A.A. Polat, 2012a. Morphological diversity among fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions sampled from the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 26: 179-193. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1102-33.
- Çalışkan, O. & A.A. Polat, 2012b. Effects of genotype and harvest year on phytochemical and fruit quality properties of Turkish fig genotypes. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10: 1048-1058. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012104-2652.
- Çalışkan, O. & S. Bayazıt, 2012. İncir yetiştiriciliğinde ilekleme ve önemi. MKÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17: 47-61.
- Çalışkan, O., 2012. Türkiye’de sofralik incir yetiştiriciliğinin mevcut durumu ve geleceği. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 26: 71-87.
- Çalışkan, O., S. Bayazit, M. Ilgin & N. Karataş, 2017. Morphological diversity of caprifig (Ficus carica var. caprificus) accessions in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey: Potential utility for caprification. Scientia Horticulturae, 222: 46-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.05.008.
- Çalışkan, O., S. Bayazıt, K. Gündüz & S. Kaya, 2018. Kordon budama sisteminde yetiştirilen Bursa Siyahı incir çeşidinin morfolojik özelliklerine ait ilk bulgular. Bahçe, 47: 1-5.
- Çalışkan, O., S. Bayazıt, K. Gündüz, D. Kılıç & S. Göktaş, 2021. Earliness, yield, and fruit quality characteristics in low chill peach-nectarines: a comparison of protected and open area cultivation. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 45: 191-202. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-2005-30.
- Çalışkan, O. & D. Kılıç, 2022. “Effect of Cordon Pruning System on Yield and Fruit Quality Characteristics of ‘Bursa Siyahı’ Fig Cultivar, 131-146”. In: Ficus carica Production, Cultivation and Uses (Ed. Z. Dalkılıç), Nova Science Publishing, New York, USA, 246 pp. https://doi.org/10.52305/TPCS5872.
- Çalışkan, O. & O. Dalkılıç, 2022. “Ancient History and Cultural Heritage of Ficus carica in Turkey, 1-24”. In: Ficus carica Production, Cultivation and Uses (Ed. Z. Dalkılıç), Nova Science Publishing, New York, USA, 246 pp. https://doi.org/10.52305/TPCS5872.
- Demiral, S. & S. Ülger, 2021. Farklı uygulamaların plastik serada saksıda yetiştirilen bazı şeftali çeşitlerinin erkencilik ve meyve özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 34: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.695030.
- Doğan, A., 2022. Effects of different oxygen levels with high-carbon dioxide atmosphere on postharvest quality of fresh fig under palliflex storage systems. Horticulturae, 8: 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050353
- Ercişli, S., M. Tosun, H. Karlıdağ, A. Dzubur, S. Hadziabulic & Y. Aliman, 2012. Color and antioxidant characteristics of some fresh fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes from Northeastern Turkey. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 67: 271-276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-012-0292-2.
- Ertan, B., 2016. Bazı Sofralık İncir Çeşitlerinin Uygun Hasat Zamanı ve Depolama Performanslarının Belirlenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış) Doktora Tezi, Aydın. 320s.
- Ferraz, R.A., S. Leonel, J.M.A. Souza, R.B. Ferreira, J.H. Modesto & L.L. Arruda, 2020. Phenology, vegetative growth, and yield performance of fig in Southeastern Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 55: e01192. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01192.
- Flaishman, M.A., 2022. “Horticultural Practices under Various Climatic Conditions, 117-138”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0009.
- Gaaliche, B., M. Trad & M. Messaoud, 2011. Effect of pollination intensity, frequency and pollen source on fig (Ficus carica L.) productivity and fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 130: 737-742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.08.032.
- Hosomi, A., T. Isobe & Y. Miwa, 2015. Shoot growth and fruit production of the ‘Masui Dauphine’ variety of fig (Ficus carica L.) undergoing renewal long pruning. Jarq-Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 49: 391-397. https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.49.391.
- İrget, M.E. & M.K. Meriç, 2022. “Soil Management, Fertilization, and İrrigation, 97-116”. In: Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production (Eds. M.A. Flaishman & U. Aksoy). CABI Pub., Boston, USA, 546 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0008.
- Kamota, F., 1986. Protected cultivation of fruit trees in Japan. JARQ, 22: 108-113.
- Kaşka, N., C. Onur, S. Onur & A.Ç. Yastı, 1981. Akdeniz Bölgesi için Erkenci Kayısı Çeşitleri Seleksiyonu. TÜBİTAK-TOVAG, TOAG-ABBÜ-12, 31 s.
- Kılıç, D. & O. Çalışkan, 2022. “Effects of heat and bagging applications on early-ripening and fruit quality characteristics of some new apricot cultivars under protected cultivation, 1428-1438”. Proceedings of the XIII International Scientific Agricultural Symposium. Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1461 pp.
- Lang, G., L. Sage & T. Wilkinson, 2014. High tunnel fruiting wall nectarines, apricots/apriums, and plum/pluots/plumcots: Post-establishment fruiting phase. Final Report. (Web page: http://mihortsociety.com/data/uploads/14research/LangFinalReport2014.pdf) (Date accessed: Ağustus 2023).
- Liao, Y., Q. Zhang & Y. Shen, 2018. Methods key to annual production of fig fruit in greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 45: 2437-2441. https://doi.org/10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0841.
- Lim, J., J. You, J. Park & J. Moon, 2018. Trend of domestic fig industry and its implications. Agribusiness and Information Management, 10: 16-25. https://doi.org/10.14771/AIM.10.1.2.
- McGuire, R.G., 1992. Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience, 27: 1254-1255. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.27.12.1254.
- Melgarejo, P., J.J. Martínez, F. Hernández, D.M. Salazar & R. Martínez, 2007. Preliminary results on fig soil-less culture. Scientia Horticulturae, 111: 255-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.10.032.
- Mendozo-Castillo, V.M., J.M. Vargas-Canales, G. Calderon-Zavala, M.C. Mendozo-Castillo & A. Santacruz-Varela, 2017. Intensive production systems of fig (Ficus carica L.) under greenhouse conditions. Experimental Agriculture, 53: 339-350. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479716000405.
- Rosianski, Y., Z.E. Freiman, S.M. Cochavi, Z. Yablovitz, Z. Kerem & M.A. Flaishman, 2016. Advanced analysis of developmental and ripening characteristics of pollinated common-type fig (Ficus carica L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 198: 98-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.11.027.
- SAS Institute, 2005. SAS Online Doc. Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
- Souza, A.P., A.C. Silva, S. Leonel & J.F. Escobedo, 2009. Basic temperatures and thermal sum for the fig trees pruned in different months. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 31: 314-322. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452009000200005.
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