Bitkilerde Kök-Ur (Meloidogyne spp.) ve Kist Nematodları (Heterodera ve Globodera spp.)'nın Kanser Oluşum Mekanizmaları

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 165 - 183, 04.06.2018

Fatma Gül Göze Özdemir

Öz

Kök-ur (Meloidogyne spp.) ve kist (Heterodera ve Globodera spp.) nematodları ekonomik olarak en önemli bitki paraziti nematod türleridir. Obligat, sabit endoparazit beslenmeye sahip bu kozmopolit zararlılar konukçu parazitizminde özelleşmiş mekanizmalara sahiptirler. Konukçu bitkinin köklerinde beslenme bölgeleri oluşturarak kansere neden olmaktadırlar. Beslenme bölgelerinin oluşumu kök hücrelerinin modifikasyonu ile meydana gelmektedir ve yoğun sitoplazmalı, çok çekirdekli, fazla organelli bir yapıdadır. Bu dönüşümlerin yapılabilmesi için nematodun salgı bezlerinden üretilen fonksiyonları farklı çok sayıda salgı stilet, amphid ve phasmid aracılığıyla konukçu bitki hücresine bırakılmaktadır. Köklerde meydana gelen kanser sonucunda bitkideki su ve besin dolaşımı bozulmakta ve bitki gelişimi olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu derlemede nematod parazitizmi ve kanser oluşumları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., kanser, efektör

Kaynakça

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