Silajlık Hibrit Mısır Çeşitlerinin Tuzluluğa Toleransı

Yıl 2022, , 88 - 96, 04.01.2023

Ramazan Beyaz , Xin Dai

https://doi.org/10.33724/zm.1168053

Öz

Mısır tuza ve tuzlu sulama suyuna hassas bir bitki olduğundan, toprak tuzluluğu mısır üretimi için önemli bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, üretimde çok fazla verim kaybına uğramamak için ekimi yapılan mısır çeşitlerinin tuz stresine karşı tepkisinin önceden bilinmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de çiftçiler tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılan on üç ticari silajlık mısır hibrit çeşidinin tuz (NaCl) stresine tepkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla bitkiler 14 gün boyunca farklı tuz stres seviyelerine (0, 40, 80 ve 120 mM) maruz bırakılarak tohum çimlenmesi ve erken dönem fide gelişimleri test edilmiştir. Tohum çimlenmesi ve fide gelişiminde test edilen dokuz parametreleri -tohum çimlenme yüzdesi (tçy), ortalama çimlenme süresi (oçs), sürgün uzunluğu (su), kök uzunluğu (ku), taze ağırlık (ta), kuru ağırlık (ka), kuru madde (km), bitki su içeriği (bsi), canlılık indeksi (vi)- için faktör analizi (FA) ile üç temel grup (Biyokütle, Fide Büyüme Gücü ve Tohum Çimlenmesi) oluşturulmuştur. Standartlaştırılmış faktör puanları üzerinde heterojen çeşit varyansı ile yapılan iki yönlü varyans analizi sonucunda; oluşturulan üç temel grup bakımından test edilen farklı tuz stresi seviyelerinde en iyi performansı 'Dekalb-7211' hibrit çeşidinin, en kötü performansı ise "Dekalb-7240" hibrit çeşidinin gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma sonuçları, mısır ıslahının önemli ve ilk basamaklarından biri olan stres faktörüne karşı toleranslı çeşitlerin belirlenmesine katkı sağlayacak niteliktedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mısır, Tuzluluk, Faktör Analizi, İki-Yönlü ANOVA, Heterojen Varyansı

Salinity Tolerance of Different Silage Hybrids Maize Cultivars

Öz

Since corn is sensitive to salt and saline irrigation water, soil salinity poses a serious threat to corn production. Therefore, it is important to know in advance the response of the cultivated corn varieties to salt stress in order not to lose too much in production. In this study, it was aimed to determine the response to salt (NaCl) stress of thirteen commercial silage maize hybrid varieties commonly used by farmers in Türkiye. For this purpose, seed germination and early seedling growth were tested by exposing the plants to different salt stress levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) for 14 days. Three basic groups (Biomass, Seedling Growth Vigor and Seed Germination) were established by factor analysis (FA) for the nine parameters -seed germination percentage (sgp), mean germination time (mgt), shoot lenght (sl), root lenght (rl), fresh weight (fw), dry weight(dw), dry matter (dm), plant water content (pwc), vigor index (vi)- tested for seed germination and seedling growth. As a result of the two-way analysis of variance with heterogeneous variance on standardized factor scores; it was determined that 'Dekalb-7211' hybrid cultivar showed the best performance and "Dekalb-7240" hybrid cultivar showed the worst performance in different salt stress levels tested in terms of three main groups formed. The results of this research will contribute to the determination of stress-tolerant varieties, which is one of the important and first steps of maize breeding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maize, Salinity, Factor analysis (FA), Two-way ANOVA, Heterogeneous variance

Kaynakça

• Abdul-Baki AA, Anderson JD. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13: 630-633.
• Al Samsul Huqe Md, Haque MdS, Sagar A, Uddin MdN, Hossain MdA, Hossain AKMZ, Rahman MdM, Wang X, Al-Ashkar I, Ueda A, EL Sabagh A. 2021. Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage. Plants, (10) 2549: 1-20.
• Aslam M, Maqbool MA, Zaman QU, Shahid M, Akhtar MA, Rana AS. 2017. Comparison of different tolerance indices and PCA Biplot analysis for assessment of salinity tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 19: 470-478.
• Beyaz B, Kaya G, Cocu S, Sancak C. 2011. Response of seeds and pollen of Onobrychis viciifolia and Onobrychis oxyodonta var. armena to NaCl stress. Scientia Agricola, 68(4): 477–481.
• Bradford JK. 1995. Water Relations in seed germination, 351-396 p. In: Kigel J, Galili G (Eds.). Seed Development and Germination. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
• Bres W, Kleiber T, Markiewicz B, Mieloszyk E, Mieloch M. 2022. The Effect of NaCl Stress on the Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Agronomy, (12)244: 1-14.
• Cha-um S, Kirdmanee C. 2010. Salt Tolerance Screening in Six Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes using Multivariate Cluster Analysis Salt Tolerance Screening in Maize Genotypes. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, (93)2: 156-164.
• Cokkızgın A. 2012. Salinity Stress in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seed Germination. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 40(1):177-182.
• Dantas BF, De Sá Ribeiro L, Aragão CA. 2007. Germination; initial growth and cotyledon protein content of bean cultivars under salinity stress. Revista Brasileira Sementes, 29:106–110.
• Dehnavi AR, Zahedi M, Ludwiczak A, Perez SC, Piernik A. 2020. Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes. Agronomy, 10(859): 1-15.
• Ellis RH, Roberts EH. 1980. Towards a rational basis for testing seed quality. p. 605-635. In: Hebblethwaite, P.D., ed. Seed production. Butterworths, England.
• Farooq M, Hussain M, Wakeel A, Siddique KHM. 2015. Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35:461-481.
• Giaveno CD, Ribeiro RV, Souza GM, de Oliveira RF. 2007. Screening of tropical maize for salt stress tolerance. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 7:304-313.
• Gomes-Filho E, Lima CRFM, Costa JH, da Silva AC, da Guia Silva Lima M, de Lacerda CF, Prisco JT. 2008. Cowpea ribonuclease: Properties and effect of NaCl-salinity on its activation during seed germination and seedling establishment. Plant Cell Reports, 27:147-157.
• Güngör H, Çıkılı Y, Dumlupınar Z. 2021. Screening of oat varieties and landraces at early vegetative stage under salt stress conditions: Morpho‑physiological and PCA biplot analysis. Cereal Research Communications, 49:587–597.
• Hernández JA. 2019. Salinity tolerance in plants: trends and perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20:2408.
• Hütsch BW, Saqib M, Osthushenrich T, Schubert S. 2014. Invertase activity limits grain yield of maize under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177: 278–286.
• International Seed Testing Association [ISTA] (2003). International rules for seed testing. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
• Kaya MD, Akdoğan G, Kulan EG, Dağhan H, Sarı A. 2019. Salinity tolerance classification of sunflower (Helianthus annuus l.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius l.) by cluster and principal component analysis. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(2):3849-3857.
• Kumar V, Shriram V, Nikam TD, Jawali N, Shitole MG. 2008. Sodium Chloride-Induced Changes in Mineral Nutrients and Proline Accumulation in Indica Rice Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31: 1999–2017.
• Luo M, Zhao Y, Song W, Zhang R, Su A, Li C, Wang X, Xing J, Shi Z, Zhao J. 2017. Effect of saline stress on the physiology and growth of maize hybrids and their related inbred lines. Maydica, 62: 1-8.
• Petrović G, Jovičić D, Nikolić Z, Tamindžić G, Ignjatov M. 2016. Comparative study of drought and salt stress effects on germination and seedling growth of pea. Genetika, 48(1): 373–381.
• Rahman MS, Matsumuro T, Miyake H, Takeoka Y. 2000. Salinity-induced ultrastructural alternations in leaf cells of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Production Science, 3:422-429.
• Ryu H, Cho YG. 2015. Plant hormones in salt stress tolerance. Journal of Plant Biology, 58: 147-155.
• Shokohifard G, Sakageim KH, Matsumoto S. 1989. Effect of amending materials on growth of radish plant in salinized soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 12:119-1294.
• Turk M, Alagöz M. 2020. Effect salt stress on seedling grwoth of some silage maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 29(03): 1612-1617.
• Zheng Y, Jia A, Ning T, Xu J, Li Z, Jiang G. 2008. Potassium nitrate application alleviates sodium chloride stress in winter wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology, 165: 1455-1465.