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Evrenselci ve Özelci Kültürler Ayrımında Yöneticilerde Etik Karar Verme Davranışı

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 134 - 156, 08.05.2020

Pınar Fayganoğlu , Ali Gürsoy

Abstract

İnsanların toplu yaşamaları ve davranışları sonucunda ortaya çıktığı ifade edilebilecek olan kültürün, sosyal bilimler yazınında çokça ele alınan konulardan biri olduğu söylenebilecektir. Kültüre ilişkin olarak farklı tanımlar ve sınıflandırmaların olduğu da belirtilebilecek olup Trompenaars ve Turner (1997) tarafından yapılan çalışmada, kültürün yedi farklı boyutundan bahsedilmektedir. Bahse konu kültür boyutlarından olan ‘evrenselcilik’ ve ‘özelcilik’ boyutunun bireylerin ve dolayısıyla da yöneticilerin davranışlarını etkileyebileceği ve etik karar vermenin bu davranışlardan biri olduğu ifade edilebilecektir. Evrenselci kültürlerin daha ziyade küresel değerlere, normlara ve yükümlülüklere öncelik verdiği, buna karşın özelcilik kültüründe yer alan bireylerin ise daha ziyade kişisel ilişkileri temel alarak davrandığı bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yöneticilerin söz konusu kültürel farklılıklar penceresinden etik karar verme davranışları ele alınacak olup bahse konu kavramlar oluşturulan kuramsal önermeler çerçevesinde tartışılacaktır. Çalışmanın yerli yazındaki öncü rolünün, ileride yapılacak görgül çalışmalara temel olabilecek önemli çıkarımlar ortaya koyulmasına ve bu bağlamda bahse konu çalışmalara ışık tutması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

Kültür Kültürel Boyutlar Etik Karar Verme

References

  • Adler, N. J (1991). International dimensions of organizational behavior. PWS-KENT Publishing Company. Boston, Massachussets.
  • Al-Khatib, J. A., Robertson, C. J., Stanton, A. D. A., ve Vitell, S. J. (2002). Business ethics in the Arab Gulf states: A three-country study. International Business Review, 11(1), 97- 111.
  • Archer, E. R. (1980). How to make a business decision: an analysis of theory and practice. Management review, 69(2), 54-61.
  • Aydın, İ. (2002). Yönetsel, mesleki ve Örgütsel Etik. Pegem Yayıncılık, www.pegema.com.tr.
  • Banks, S. (2006). Ethical and values in social work. Third Edition. London: MacmillanPress.
  • Barnard, C. (1938). The functions of the executive. Cambridge/Mass.
  • Basi, R. S. (1998). Administrative decision making: a contextual analysis.Management Decision, 36(4), 232-240.
  • Bazerman, M., ve Moore, D. A. (2012). Judgment in managerial decision making. research.hks.harvard.edu
  • Beyer, J. M. (1981). Ideologies, values, and decision making in organizations.Handbook of organizational design, 2, 166-202.
  • Blankenship, L. V., ve Miles, R. E. (1968). Organizational structure and managerial decision behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly, 106-120.
  • Bommer, M., Gratto, C., Gravander, J., ve Tuttle, M. (1987). A behavioral model of ethical and unethical decision making. journal of Business Ethics,6(4), 265-280.
  • Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., ve Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. New York, NY: J. Wiley.
  • Cavanagh, G. F., Moberg, D. J., Velasquez, M. (1981). The ethics of organizational politics. The academy of management review. 6 (3), 363-374.
  • Chatman, J. A., Cha., S. E. (2003). Leading by leveraging culture. California Management Review, 45(4), 20.
  • Daft, R., (2003). Management. Thomson South Western , Landmark Ltd. 6. Baskı
  • Drucker, P. F. (2001). The Effective Decision. Harwards Business Review on Decision Making, Harward Business Review Paperpack.
  • D'Silva, J. L., Meng, C. L., ve Othman, J. (2015). Personal Moral Philosophy of Undergraduates towards Academic Dishonesty. Modern Applied Science,9(11), 144.
  • Dufrene, R. L. (2000). Designing and validating a measure of ethical orientation of counselors: The ethical decision-making scale- EDMS. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Misisipi Şehir Üniversitesi.http://0-search.proquest.com.source.unco.edu docview/304611883?accountid=12832
  • Dufrene, R. L., ve Glosoff, H. L. (2004). The ethical decision-making scale-revised. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development,37(1), 2.
  • Ford, R. C., ve Richardson, W. D. 1994. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. journal of Business Ethics, 13(3), 205-221.
  • Galbraith, J. R. (1974). Organization design: An information processing view.Interfaces, 4(3), 28-36.
  • Guttmann, D. (2006). Ethics in social work: a context of caring. New York: HaworthPress.
  • Hall, E. T., (1976). Beyond Culture. New York. Anchor Press.
  • Harris, R. (1998). Introduction to decision making. Home page: http://www. vanguard. edu/rharris/crebook5. htm.
  • Harris, J. R., ve Sutton, C. D. (1995). Unravelling the ethical decision-making process: Clues from an empirical study comparing Fortune 1.000 executives and MBA students. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(10), 805-817.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Hunt, S. D., ve Vitell, S. (1986). A general theory of marketing ethics. Journal of macromarketing, 6(1), 5-16.
  • Husted, B. W., ve Allen, D. B. (2008). Toward a model of cross-cultural business ethics: The impact of individualism and collectivism on the ethical decision-making process. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 293-305.
  • Jones, T. M. (1991). Ethical decision making by individuals in organizations: An issue-contingent model. Academy of management review, 16(2), 366-395.
  • Jones, G.E. ve Kavanagh, M.J. (1996). An Experimental Examination of the Effects of Individual and Situational Factors on Unethical Behavioral Intentions in the Workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 511-523.
  • Jones, I. W., ve Pollitt, M. G. (1998). Ethical and unethical competition: establishing the rules of engagement. Long Range Planning, 31(5), 703-710.
  • Kurt, Ü., (2003). Karar Verme Sürecinde Yöneticilerin Kişilik Yapılarının Etkileri, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Kluckhohn, F. R., ve Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations.
  • Loe, T. W., Ferrell, L., ve Mansfield, P. (2000). A review of empirical studies assessing ethical decision making in business. Journal of Business Ethics,25(3), 185-204.
  • McSweeney, B., (2002). Hofstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith-a failure of analysis, Human relations. 55 (1), 89- 118.
  • Robertson, C., ve Fadil, P. A. (1999). Ethical decision making in multinational organizations: A culture-based model. Journal of Business Ethics, 19(4), 385-392.
  • Rue, L.W. ve Byars, L.L. (2003). Decision Making Skills Management Skills and Application McGraw-Hill.
  • Sargut, A. S. (2001). Kültürler arası farklılaşma ve yönetim. İmge Kitabevi.
  • Schein, E., H. (1994). Coming to A New Awareness Of Organizational Culture, Sloan Management Review, 3.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 4, 19-45.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2003). A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations. Questionnaire Package of the European Social Survey, 259-290.
  • Simon, H. A., (1970). Yönetimde Yeni Karar Verme Bilimi, çev. Mustafa TOSUN, Amme idare dergisi, 7:3.
  • Smith, P. B., Dugan, S., ve Trompenaars, F. (1996). National culture and the values of organizational employees a dimensional analysis across 43 nations. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 27(2), 231-264.
  • Thong, J.Y., ve Yap, C. S. (1998). Testing an ethical decision-making theory: The case of softlifting. Journal of Management Information Systems, 15(1), 213-237.
  • Trevino, L. K. (1986). Ethical decision making in organizations: A person-situation interactionist model. Academy of management Review, 11(3), 601-617.
  • Trompenaars, A. Turner, H., C., ve (1993). The seven cultures of capitalism. New York.
  • Trompenaars, A., ve Turner, H., C. (1998). Riding the waves of culture (p. 162). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Trompenaars, F., ve Hampden-Turner, C. M. (2000). Building cross-cultural competence: How to create wealth from conflicting values.
  • Wally, S., ve Baum, J. R. (1994). Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making. Academy of Management journal, 37(4), 932-956.
  • Walker, H. (2000). Ethical Decision Making: An Ethical Decision Making Process for PHS Leaders, www.providence.org.
  • Wright, G. (1985). Organizational, group, and individual decision making in cross-cultural perspective. In Behavioral decision making (pp. 149-165). Springer US.
  • Wortman, J. S. (2006). Ethical Decision-Making: The Effects of Temporal Immediacy, Perspective-Taking, Moral Courage and Ethical Work Climate (Doctoral Dissertation, Nebraska, 2006). Dissertation Abstracts International, UmiNumber: 3213325.
  • Vroom, V. H. (2000). Leadership and the decision-making process.Organizational dynamics, 28(4), 82-94.

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 134 - 156, 08.05.2020

Pınar Fayganoğlu , Ali Gürsoy

Abstract

References

  • Adler, N. J (1991). International dimensions of organizational behavior. PWS-KENT Publishing Company. Boston, Massachussets.
  • Al-Khatib, J. A., Robertson, C. J., Stanton, A. D. A., ve Vitell, S. J. (2002). Business ethics in the Arab Gulf states: A three-country study. International Business Review, 11(1), 97- 111.
  • Archer, E. R. (1980). How to make a business decision: an analysis of theory and practice. Management review, 69(2), 54-61.
  • Aydın, İ. (2002). Yönetsel, mesleki ve Örgütsel Etik. Pegem Yayıncılık, www.pegema.com.tr.
  • Banks, S. (2006). Ethical and values in social work. Third Edition. London: MacmillanPress.
  • Barnard, C. (1938). The functions of the executive. Cambridge/Mass.
  • Basi, R. S. (1998). Administrative decision making: a contextual analysis.Management Decision, 36(4), 232-240.
  • Bazerman, M., ve Moore, D. A. (2012). Judgment in managerial decision making. research.hks.harvard.edu
  • Beyer, J. M. (1981). Ideologies, values, and decision making in organizations.Handbook of organizational design, 2, 166-202.
  • Blankenship, L. V., ve Miles, R. E. (1968). Organizational structure and managerial decision behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly, 106-120.
  • Bommer, M., Gratto, C., Gravander, J., ve Tuttle, M. (1987). A behavioral model of ethical and unethical decision making. journal of Business Ethics,6(4), 265-280.
  • Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., ve Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. New York, NY: J. Wiley.
  • Cavanagh, G. F., Moberg, D. J., Velasquez, M. (1981). The ethics of organizational politics. The academy of management review. 6 (3), 363-374.
  • Chatman, J. A., Cha., S. E. (2003). Leading by leveraging culture. California Management Review, 45(4), 20.
  • Daft, R., (2003). Management. Thomson South Western , Landmark Ltd. 6. Baskı
  • Drucker, P. F. (2001). The Effective Decision. Harwards Business Review on Decision Making, Harward Business Review Paperpack.
  • D'Silva, J. L., Meng, C. L., ve Othman, J. (2015). Personal Moral Philosophy of Undergraduates towards Academic Dishonesty. Modern Applied Science,9(11), 144.
  • Dufrene, R. L. (2000). Designing and validating a measure of ethical orientation of counselors: The ethical decision-making scale- EDMS. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Misisipi Şehir Üniversitesi.http://0-search.proquest.com.source.unco.edu docview/304611883?accountid=12832
  • Dufrene, R. L., ve Glosoff, H. L. (2004). The ethical decision-making scale-revised. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development,37(1), 2.
  • Ford, R. C., ve Richardson, W. D. 1994. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. journal of Business Ethics, 13(3), 205-221.
  • Galbraith, J. R. (1974). Organization design: An information processing view.Interfaces, 4(3), 28-36.
  • Guttmann, D. (2006). Ethics in social work: a context of caring. New York: HaworthPress.
  • Hall, E. T., (1976). Beyond Culture. New York. Anchor Press.
  • Harris, R. (1998). Introduction to decision making. Home page: http://www. vanguard. edu/rharris/crebook5. htm.
  • Harris, J. R., ve Sutton, C. D. (1995). Unravelling the ethical decision-making process: Clues from an empirical study comparing Fortune 1.000 executives and MBA students. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(10), 805-817.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Hunt, S. D., ve Vitell, S. (1986). A general theory of marketing ethics. Journal of macromarketing, 6(1), 5-16.
  • Husted, B. W., ve Allen, D. B. (2008). Toward a model of cross-cultural business ethics: The impact of individualism and collectivism on the ethical decision-making process. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 293-305.
  • Jones, T. M. (1991). Ethical decision making by individuals in organizations: An issue-contingent model. Academy of management review, 16(2), 366-395.
  • Jones, G.E. ve Kavanagh, M.J. (1996). An Experimental Examination of the Effects of Individual and Situational Factors on Unethical Behavioral Intentions in the Workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 511-523.
  • Jones, I. W., ve Pollitt, M. G. (1998). Ethical and unethical competition: establishing the rules of engagement. Long Range Planning, 31(5), 703-710.
  • Kurt, Ü., (2003). Karar Verme Sürecinde Yöneticilerin Kişilik Yapılarının Etkileri, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Kluckhohn, F. R., ve Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations.
  • Loe, T. W., Ferrell, L., ve Mansfield, P. (2000). A review of empirical studies assessing ethical decision making in business. Journal of Business Ethics,25(3), 185-204.
  • McSweeney, B., (2002). Hofstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith-a failure of analysis, Human relations. 55 (1), 89- 118.
  • Robertson, C., ve Fadil, P. A. (1999). Ethical decision making in multinational organizations: A culture-based model. Journal of Business Ethics, 19(4), 385-392.
  • Rue, L.W. ve Byars, L.L. (2003). Decision Making Skills Management Skills and Application McGraw-Hill.
  • Sargut, A. S. (2001). Kültürler arası farklılaşma ve yönetim. İmge Kitabevi.
  • Schein, E., H. (1994). Coming to A New Awareness Of Organizational Culture, Sloan Management Review, 3.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 4, 19-45.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2003). A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations. Questionnaire Package of the European Social Survey, 259-290.
  • Simon, H. A., (1970). Yönetimde Yeni Karar Verme Bilimi, çev. Mustafa TOSUN, Amme idare dergisi, 7:3.
  • Smith, P. B., Dugan, S., ve Trompenaars, F. (1996). National culture and the values of organizational employees a dimensional analysis across 43 nations. Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 27(2), 231-264.
  • Thong, J.Y., ve Yap, C. S. (1998). Testing an ethical decision-making theory: The case of softlifting. Journal of Management Information Systems, 15(1), 213-237.
  • Trevino, L. K. (1986). Ethical decision making in organizations: A person-situation interactionist model. Academy of management Review, 11(3), 601-617.
  • Trompenaars, A. Turner, H., C., ve (1993). The seven cultures of capitalism. New York.
  • Trompenaars, A., ve Turner, H., C. (1998). Riding the waves of culture (p. 162). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Trompenaars, F., ve Hampden-Turner, C. M. (2000). Building cross-cultural competence: How to create wealth from conflicting values.
  • Wally, S., ve Baum, J. R. (1994). Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making. Academy of Management journal, 37(4), 932-956.
  • Walker, H. (2000). Ethical Decision Making: An Ethical Decision Making Process for PHS Leaders, www.providence.org.
  • Wright, G. (1985). Organizational, group, and individual decision making in cross-cultural perspective. In Behavioral decision making (pp. 149-165). Springer US.
  • Wortman, J. S. (2006). Ethical Decision-Making: The Effects of Temporal Immediacy, Perspective-Taking, Moral Courage and Ethical Work Climate (Doctoral Dissertation, Nebraska, 2006). Dissertation Abstracts International, UmiNumber: 3213325.
  • Vroom, V. H. (2000). Leadership and the decision-making process.Organizational dynamics, 28(4), 82-94.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Pınar Fayganoğlu 0000-0001-9447-4896

Ali Gürsoy 0000-0002-8408-2415

Publication Date May 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Fayganoğlu, P., & Gürsoy, A. (2020). Evrenselci ve Özelci Kültürler Ayrımında Yöneticilerde Etik Karar Verme Davranışı. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 134-156.
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