The impact of capital adequacy on the profitability of Turkish deposit banks in the period before and after the implementation of Basel II

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 46 - 60, 14.12.2022

Pelin Kaya , Şenol Babuşcu , Adalet Hazar

https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.1128039

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital adequacy of Turkish deposit banks on their profitability (ROA). For this purpose, panel data regression analysis is carried out using quarterly data for the period 2007Q4-2020Q3. The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and the ratio of equity to assets (capital ratio) are used as an indicator of capital adequacy. In addition to these variables, bank-specific and macroeconomic control variables, which have an effect on bank performance, are also added to the model. According to the results, CAR and capital ratio have a positive effect on the ROA of banks. In addition, to see the effect of the Basel II implementation, the analysis is carried out in two periods, before and after the implementation of Basel II by Turkish banks. For both periods, the effect of CAR on profitability is positive and statistically significant. Also, a positive and stronger relationship is found between the capital ratio and ROA in the post-Basel II period. This result shows that a strong equity structure contributes to high profitability.

Keywords

Bank Profitability, Capital Adequacy, Basel II Accord, Panel Data Analysis

Basel II öncesi ve sonrası dönemde sermaye yeterliliğinin Türk mevduat bankalarının kârlılığı üzerindeki etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk mevduat bankalarının sermaye yeterliliğinin aktif kârlılıkları (ROA) üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla, 2007Q4-2020Q3 dönemine ilişkin üçer aylık veriler kullanılarak panel veri regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bankaların sermaye yeterliliği; sermaye yeterliliği rasyosu (SYR) ve toplam özkaynakların toplam aktiflere oranı (sermaye oranı) ile ölçülmüştür. Bu değişkenlerin yanı sıra banka performansı üzerinde etkisi olan bankaya özgü ve makroekonomik kontrol değişkenleri de modele eklenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, SYR ve sermaye oranının bankaların aktif kârlılığı üzerinde pozitif etkisi bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada, ayrıca, Basel II uygulamasına geçilmesinin etkisini görmek amacıyla Türk bankalarının Basel II’yi uygulamaya başlamadan önce ve sonra olmak üzere iki dönem altında sermaye yeterliliğinin ROA üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Her iki dönem için de SYR’nin kârlılık üzerindeki etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitiftir. Bununla birlikte, sermaye oranı ile ROA arasında Basel II sonrası dönemde pozitif ve daha güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç, güçlü özkaynak yapısının yüksek kârlılığa katkı sağladığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

Banka Kârlılığı, Sermaye Yeterliliği, Basel II Uzlaşısı, Panel Veri Analizi

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