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What is Happiness?: Career Development and Reducing Barriers

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1063 - 1079, 29.09.2023

Abstract

İş dünyasındaki sürekli rekabet ve değişim ortamına ayak uydurarak başarıya ulaşmak isteyen kurumlar için nitelikli çalışana sahip olmak önemlidir. Nitelikli çalışanların kazanılmasında ve organizasyonda sürekliliğin sağlanmasında kariyer gelişim süreci ve çalışanların mutlu edilmesi önemlidir. Çalışanlar kendi gelişimlerine katkı sağlayan ve kendilerini kısıtlanmış hissetmeyen organizasyonlarda kalmayı tercih ederler. Bu çalışmada beyaz yakalı çalışanların algıladıkları kariyer engeli ile kariyer gelişimi arasındaki ilişkide mutluluk düzeylerinin aracılık rolü incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma İstanbul’da finans, üretim ve hizmet sektörlerinde çalışan 450 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anketler 650 katılımcıya ulaştırılmıştır. Geri dönüş oranı %69’dur. IBM SPSS Process-Macro ile yapılan analizler sonucunda algılanan kariyer engelinin kariyer gelişimi ile mutluluk düzeyinin azaltılmasında etkisinin olduğu, mutluluğun bu ilişkide aracılık rolü oynadığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

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  • AMİL, O. (2015). “Çalışanların Algılanan Kariyer Engelleri İle Agılanan Performansları Arasındaki İlişkinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi”, Türkiye Sosyal Politika ve Çalışma Hayatı Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(9), 9-26.
  • ARDOIN, S. (2014). “The Strategic Guide to Shaping Your Student Affairs Career”. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.
  • ARGYLE, M. (2001). “The Psychology of Happiness (second edition)”. Hove, East Sussex: Routledge.
  • ARSITA, A. P. (2015). Hubungan Antara Persepsi Tentang Pengembangan Karir dan Keseimbangan Kehidupan-Kerja dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Karyawan. Skripsi. Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta.
  • AYTAÇ, S. (2005). “Çalışma Yaşamında Kariyer; Yönetimi, Planlaması, Gelişim ve Sorunları”, 2. Baskı, Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • BAKKER, A. B., & DEMEROUTI, E. (2017). “Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking Stock and Looking Forward.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273.
  • CHO, Y., PARK, J., HAN, S. J., SUNG, M., & PARK, C. (2020). “Women Entrepreneurs in South Korea: Motivations, Challenges And Career Success”, European Journal of Training and Development.
  • CHOPE, R., & JOHNSON, R. A. (2008). “Career Identity İn a Turbulent World”, Perspectives in Education, 26(3), 45-54.
  • COTE, S. (1999). “Affect and Performance in Organizational Settings”, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 65–68.
  • CRITES, J. O. (1961). “A Model for the Measurement of Vocational Maturity”, Journal of Counseling Psychology.
  • CROPANZANO,R. & WRIGHT, T.A. (1999). “A 5-Year Study of Change in the Relationship Between Well-Being and Job Performance”. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 51(4), 252.
  • ÇAKMAK-OTLUOĞLU, K. Ö. (2015). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi ve Çalışan Anneler: Aile Dostu İşyeri Uygulamaları Çalışan Annelere Neler Sunuyor? Sürgevil Dalkılıç, O. (Editör). Çalışanne: Kadın Akademisyenlerin Kaleminden Çalışma Yaşamında Annelik içinde (ss. 73-110). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
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  • DERVEN, M. (2015). “From Career Conversations to Deliberate Action: Manager-Employee Career Discussions Are the First Step toward an All-Encompassing Organizational Career Development Program”, TD Magazine, 69(1), 62-67.
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  • EGAN, T.M., UPTON, M.G. & LYNHAM, S.A. (2006). “Career Development: Load-Bearing Wall or Window Dressing? Exploring Definitions, Theories, And Prospects for HRD-Related Theory Building”. Human Resource Development Review, 5 (4), 442-477.
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  • FOSTER, L., MANZELLA, J., MCENTARFER, E., & SANDLER, D. H. (2020). “Employment and Earnings For Federal Government Economists: Empirical Evidence By Gender And Race. AEA Papers and Proceedings”, 110, 210–214.
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  • GUAN, Y., ZHOU, W., YE, L., JIANG, P., & ZHOU, Y. (2015). “Perceived Organizational Careermanagement And Career Adaptability As Predictors Of Success And Turnover Intention Among Chinese Employees”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 230–237.
  • GÜRBÜZ, S. (2019). “Sosyal Bilimlerde Aracı, Düzenleyici ve Durumsal Etki Analizleri”, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • HAYES, A.F. (2018). “Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-based approach (2nd edition)”, New York: The Guilford Press.
  • HEIKKINEN, S., LAMSA, A. M. & HIILLOS, M. (2014). “Narratives by Women Managers About Spousal Support for Their Careers”, Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(1), 27-39.
  • HERR, E. L. (2001). “Career Development and Its Practice: A Historical Perspective”, Career Development Quarterly, 49(3), 196-211.
  • HILLS, P., & ARGYLE, M. (2002). “The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A Compact Scale for the Measurement of Psychological Well-being”. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 1073-1082.
  • HIRSH, W. (2007). “Career Development in Employing Organizations: Practices and Challenges from a UK Perspective”, Guidance for Workforce Development Conference, held by CEDEFOP in Thessaloniki.
  • INZLICHT, M., & BEN-ZEEV, T. (2000). “A Threatening Intellectual Environment: Why Females are Susceptible to Experiencing Problem-Solving Deficits in the Presence of Males”. Psychological Science, 11(5), 365-371.
  • JAYARATHNA, Y. & VITHANA, N.C. (2018). “Perceived Career Barrier for Human Resource Professionals’ Career Development to Climb the Top of the Corporate Ladder”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research: An Administration and Management, 18(3), 1-13.
  • JOIN, A., SAEED, K., ARNAOUT, S., & KORTUM, E. (2012). “The Psychosocial Environment at Work: An Assessment of the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean”, EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 18 (4), 325-331.
  • KANGAL A. (2013). “Mutluluk Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme ve Türk Hane Halkı Bazı Sonuçlar”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(44), 214-233.
  • KARA, E. (2019). “The Effect of Gender in the Relationship of Career Development and Job Satisfaction for Female Employees”, International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies (UİİİD), 24, 59-72.
  • KAYA, A. (2018). “Kariyer Gelişim Sürecinin Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisinin Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile Test Edilmesi”, Doktora Tezi, Hitit Üniversitesi.
  • KIRK, J., BRIDGET, D., STEVE, D. & CONNIE, W. (2000). “Name Your Career Development Intervention”, Journal of Workplace Planning, 12 (5), 205-216.
  • KRAUSE, A. (2013). “Don’t worry, be happy? Happiness and Reemployment”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 96, 1–20.
  • LEE, Y. & LEE, J.Y. (2018). “A Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Organizational Factors that Influence the Relationship between Career Development and Job-performance Improvement”, European Journal of Training and Development, 42(5/6), 286-304.
  • LENT, R. W., BROWN, S. D., & HACKETT, G. (1996). “Career Development from A Social Cognitive Perspective”. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & Associates (Eds.), Career Choice and Development (3rd ed.), SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass, 373-421.
  • LI, T., TIEN, H. L. S., GU, J., & WANG, J. (2022). “The Relationship Between Social Support and Career Adaptability: The Chain Mediating Role of Perceived Career Barriers and Career Maturity”, International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1-18.
  • LYUBOMIRSKY, S., KING, L., & DIENER, E. (2005). “The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?” Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803–855.
  • MACFARLANE, B., & BURG, D. (2019). “Women Professors and The Academic Housework Trap”, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 41(3), 262–274.
  • MCWHIRTER, E. H. (1997). “Perceived Barriers to Education and Career: Ethnic and Gender Differences”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 124–140.
  • MOUSA, M., MASSOUD, H. K., & AYOUBI, R. M. (2020). “Gender, Diversity Management Perceptions, Workplace Happiness And Organisational Citizenship Behaviour”. Employee Relations: The International Journal.
  • NELSON, S. K., DELLA PORTA, M. D., JACOBS BAO, K., LEE, H. C., CHOI, I., & LYUBOMIRSKY, S. (2015). “It’s up to you”: Experimentally Manipulated Autonomy Support for Prosocial Behavior Improves Well-being in two Cultures over Six Weeks”, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 463–476.
  • OTLUOĞLU, Ö.Ç. & AKDOĞANLI, Ç. (2019). “Algılanan Kariyer Bariyerleri ve Kariyer Bariyerleri ile Başa Çıkmanın Kariyere Adanmışlık Üzerindeki Etkisi: Kadın Çalışanlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Marmara Üniversitesi Kadın ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 90-108.
  • PATTON, W., CREED, P.A. & WATSON, M. (2003). “Perceived Work Related and Non-work Related Barriers in the Career Development of Australian and South African Adolescents”, Australian Journal of Psychology, 55(2), 74-82,
  • PELLED, L. H., & XIN, K. R. (1999). “Down and out: An Investigation of the Relationship between Mood and Employee Withdrawal Behavior”, Journal of Management, 6, 875–895.
  • REGO, A., RIBEIRO, N. & CUNHA, M.P. (2010). “Perceptions of Organizational Virtuousness and Happiness as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”, Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 215-235.
  • RUGGERI, K., GARCIA-GARZON, E., MAGUIRE, Á., MATZ, S., & HUPPERT, F. A. (2020). “Well-being is more than Happiness and Life Satisfaction: A Multidimensional Analysis of 21 countries”, Health and quality of life outcomes, 18(1), 1-16.
  • SARANGI, S., & SRIVASTAVA, R. K. (2012). “Impact of Organizational Culture and Communication On Employee Engagement: An Investigation of Indian Private Banks”, South Asian Journal of Management, 19(3), 18.
  • SATTAR, M. A., RASHEED, M. I., KHAN, I. U., TARIQ, H., & IQBAL, J. (2017). “Why Adaptable Individuals Perform Better: The Role of Orientation to Happiness”, Australian Journal of Career Development, 26(3), 134–141.
  • SAVICKAS, M. L. (1997). “Career Adaptability: An Integrative Construct for Life‐Span, Life‐Space Theory”, The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247-259.
  • SCHEIN, V. E. (2007). “Women in Management: Reflections And Projections”, Women in Management Review, 22(1), 6-18.
  • SIMPSON, M. J. (2014). “The Relationship Between Provision Of Career Development Services and Employee Turnover”, A Doctoral Dissertation, Dekalb, Illiniois: Northern Illinois University.
  • SMETANA, J. B., CHAKRABORTY, M., & BANERJEE-BATIST, R. (2018). “Career Development Challenges for Women Pursuing Leadership in India”. In Indian Women in Leadership (pp. 47-65). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham,
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What is Happiness?: Career Development and Reducing Barriers

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1063 - 1079, 29.09.2023

Abstract

It is important to have qualified employees for institutions that want to achieve success by keeping up with the environment of constant competition and change in the business world. Career development process and making employees feel happy are important in gaining qualified employees and ensuring their continuity in the organization. Employees prefer to stay in organizations that contribute to their own development and do not feel restricted. In this study, the mediating role of happiness levels in the relationship between career barrier perceived by white-collar employees and career development was examined. This study was carried out with 450 participants working in the finance, production and service sectors in Istanbul. The response rate to the surveys is 69% because the questionnaires were delivered to 650 participants. As a result of the analyzes made with IBM SPSS Process-Macro, it has been determined that the perceived career barrier has an effect on reducing the level of career development and happiness, and happiness has a mediating role in this relationship.

References

  • AKDOĞANLI, Ç. (2019). “Algılanan Kariyer Bariyerleri: Kadın Çalışanlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • AMİL, O. (2015). “Çalışanların Algılanan Kariyer Engelleri İle Agılanan Performansları Arasındaki İlişkinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi”, Türkiye Sosyal Politika ve Çalışma Hayatı Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(9), 9-26.
  • ARDOIN, S. (2014). “The Strategic Guide to Shaping Your Student Affairs Career”. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.
  • ARGYLE, M. (2001). “The Psychology of Happiness (second edition)”. Hove, East Sussex: Routledge.
  • ARSITA, A. P. (2015). Hubungan Antara Persepsi Tentang Pengembangan Karir dan Keseimbangan Kehidupan-Kerja dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Karyawan. Skripsi. Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta.
  • AYTAÇ, S. (2005). “Çalışma Yaşamında Kariyer; Yönetimi, Planlaması, Gelişim ve Sorunları”, 2. Baskı, Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • BAKKER, A. B., & DEMEROUTI, E. (2017). “Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking Stock and Looking Forward.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273.
  • CHO, Y., PARK, J., HAN, S. J., SUNG, M., & PARK, C. (2020). “Women Entrepreneurs in South Korea: Motivations, Challenges And Career Success”, European Journal of Training and Development.
  • CHOPE, R., & JOHNSON, R. A. (2008). “Career Identity İn a Turbulent World”, Perspectives in Education, 26(3), 45-54.
  • COTE, S. (1999). “Affect and Performance in Organizational Settings”, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 65–68.
  • CRITES, J. O. (1961). “A Model for the Measurement of Vocational Maturity”, Journal of Counseling Psychology.
  • CROPANZANO,R. & WRIGHT, T.A. (1999). “A 5-Year Study of Change in the Relationship Between Well-Being and Job Performance”. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 51(4), 252.
  • ÇAKMAK-OTLUOĞLU, K. Ö. (2015). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi ve Çalışan Anneler: Aile Dostu İşyeri Uygulamaları Çalışan Annelere Neler Sunuyor? Sürgevil Dalkılıç, O. (Editör). Çalışanne: Kadın Akademisyenlerin Kaleminden Çalışma Yaşamında Annelik içinde (ss. 73-110). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • DENİZLİ, A. A., & DÜNDAR, G. İ. (2020). “Kariyer Tatmininin Mutluluk Düzeyi Üzerindeki Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, Journal of Behavior at Work, 5(1), 17-26.
  • DERVEN, M. (2015). “From Career Conversations to Deliberate Action: Manager-Employee Career Discussions Are the First Step toward an All-Encompassing Organizational Career Development Program”, TD Magazine, 69(1), 62-67.
  • EDMUNDDS, L. D., & PRYCE-JONES, J.(2008). “Relationships between Happiness, Overtime, Sick Leave and Intention to Stay or Leave”, Selection & Development Review, 24,8-12.
  • EGAN, T.M., UPTON, M.G. & LYNHAM, S.A. (2006). “Career Development: Load-Bearing Wall or Window Dressing? Exploring Definitions, Theories, And Prospects for HRD-Related Theory Building”. Human Resource Development Review, 5 (4), 442-477.
  • ESTERINA, M., SILVI, M. S., & RAHMAWATI, D. (2020). “The Effect of Perceived Career Development and Work-Life Balance on Psychological Well-Being of Lecturers”, Journal Psıkologı Malaysıa, 34(3), 119-127.
  • FOSTER, L., MANZELLA, J., MCENTARFER, E., & SANDLER, D. H. (2020). “Employment and Earnings For Federal Government Economists: Empirical Evidence By Gender And Race. AEA Papers and Proceedings”, 110, 210–214.
  • GILLEY, J., STEVEN, A. E. & ANN M. G. (2002). “Principles of Human Resource Development”, 2nd Edition, New York: Basic Books.
  • GUAN, Y., ZHOU, W., YE, L., JIANG, P., & ZHOU, Y. (2015). “Perceived Organizational Careermanagement And Career Adaptability As Predictors Of Success And Turnover Intention Among Chinese Employees”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 230–237.
  • GÜRBÜZ, S. (2019). “Sosyal Bilimlerde Aracı, Düzenleyici ve Durumsal Etki Analizleri”, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • HAYES, A.F. (2018). “Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-based approach (2nd edition)”, New York: The Guilford Press.
  • HEIKKINEN, S., LAMSA, A. M. & HIILLOS, M. (2014). “Narratives by Women Managers About Spousal Support for Their Careers”, Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(1), 27-39.
  • HERR, E. L. (2001). “Career Development and Its Practice: A Historical Perspective”, Career Development Quarterly, 49(3), 196-211.
  • HILLS, P., & ARGYLE, M. (2002). “The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A Compact Scale for the Measurement of Psychological Well-being”. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 1073-1082.
  • HIRSH, W. (2007). “Career Development in Employing Organizations: Practices and Challenges from a UK Perspective”, Guidance for Workforce Development Conference, held by CEDEFOP in Thessaloniki.
  • INZLICHT, M., & BEN-ZEEV, T. (2000). “A Threatening Intellectual Environment: Why Females are Susceptible to Experiencing Problem-Solving Deficits in the Presence of Males”. Psychological Science, 11(5), 365-371.
  • JAYARATHNA, Y. & VITHANA, N.C. (2018). “Perceived Career Barrier for Human Resource Professionals’ Career Development to Climb the Top of the Corporate Ladder”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research: An Administration and Management, 18(3), 1-13.
  • JOIN, A., SAEED, K., ARNAOUT, S., & KORTUM, E. (2012). “The Psychosocial Environment at Work: An Assessment of the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean”, EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 18 (4), 325-331.
  • KANGAL A. (2013). “Mutluluk Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme ve Türk Hane Halkı Bazı Sonuçlar”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(44), 214-233.
  • KARA, E. (2019). “The Effect of Gender in the Relationship of Career Development and Job Satisfaction for Female Employees”, International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies (UİİİD), 24, 59-72.
  • KAYA, A. (2018). “Kariyer Gelişim Sürecinin Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisinin Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile Test Edilmesi”, Doktora Tezi, Hitit Üniversitesi.
  • KIRK, J., BRIDGET, D., STEVE, D. & CONNIE, W. (2000). “Name Your Career Development Intervention”, Journal of Workplace Planning, 12 (5), 205-216.
  • KRAUSE, A. (2013). “Don’t worry, be happy? Happiness and Reemployment”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 96, 1–20.
  • LEE, Y. & LEE, J.Y. (2018). “A Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Organizational Factors that Influence the Relationship between Career Development and Job-performance Improvement”, European Journal of Training and Development, 42(5/6), 286-304.
  • LENT, R. W., BROWN, S. D., & HACKETT, G. (1996). “Career Development from A Social Cognitive Perspective”. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & Associates (Eds.), Career Choice and Development (3rd ed.), SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass, 373-421.
  • LI, T., TIEN, H. L. S., GU, J., & WANG, J. (2022). “The Relationship Between Social Support and Career Adaptability: The Chain Mediating Role of Perceived Career Barriers and Career Maturity”, International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1-18.
  • LYUBOMIRSKY, S., KING, L., & DIENER, E. (2005). “The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?” Psychological Bulletin, 131, 803–855.
  • MACFARLANE, B., & BURG, D. (2019). “Women Professors and The Academic Housework Trap”, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 41(3), 262–274.
  • MCWHIRTER, E. H. (1997). “Perceived Barriers to Education and Career: Ethnic and Gender Differences”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 124–140.
  • MOUSA, M., MASSOUD, H. K., & AYOUBI, R. M. (2020). “Gender, Diversity Management Perceptions, Workplace Happiness And Organisational Citizenship Behaviour”. Employee Relations: The International Journal.
  • NELSON, S. K., DELLA PORTA, M. D., JACOBS BAO, K., LEE, H. C., CHOI, I., & LYUBOMIRSKY, S. (2015). “It’s up to you”: Experimentally Manipulated Autonomy Support for Prosocial Behavior Improves Well-being in two Cultures over Six Weeks”, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 463–476.
  • OTLUOĞLU, Ö.Ç. & AKDOĞANLI, Ç. (2019). “Algılanan Kariyer Bariyerleri ve Kariyer Bariyerleri ile Başa Çıkmanın Kariyere Adanmışlık Üzerindeki Etkisi: Kadın Çalışanlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Marmara Üniversitesi Kadın ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 90-108.
  • PATTON, W., CREED, P.A. & WATSON, M. (2003). “Perceived Work Related and Non-work Related Barriers in the Career Development of Australian and South African Adolescents”, Australian Journal of Psychology, 55(2), 74-82,
  • PELLED, L. H., & XIN, K. R. (1999). “Down and out: An Investigation of the Relationship between Mood and Employee Withdrawal Behavior”, Journal of Management, 6, 875–895.
  • REGO, A., RIBEIRO, N. & CUNHA, M.P. (2010). “Perceptions of Organizational Virtuousness and Happiness as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”, Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 215-235.
  • RUGGERI, K., GARCIA-GARZON, E., MAGUIRE, Á., MATZ, S., & HUPPERT, F. A. (2020). “Well-being is more than Happiness and Life Satisfaction: A Multidimensional Analysis of 21 countries”, Health and quality of life outcomes, 18(1), 1-16.
  • SARANGI, S., & SRIVASTAVA, R. K. (2012). “Impact of Organizational Culture and Communication On Employee Engagement: An Investigation of Indian Private Banks”, South Asian Journal of Management, 19(3), 18.
  • SATTAR, M. A., RASHEED, M. I., KHAN, I. U., TARIQ, H., & IQBAL, J. (2017). “Why Adaptable Individuals Perform Better: The Role of Orientation to Happiness”, Australian Journal of Career Development, 26(3), 134–141.
  • SAVICKAS, M. L. (1997). “Career Adaptability: An Integrative Construct for Life‐Span, Life‐Space Theory”, The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247-259.
  • SCHEIN, V. E. (2007). “Women in Management: Reflections And Projections”, Women in Management Review, 22(1), 6-18.
  • SIMPSON, M. J. (2014). “The Relationship Between Provision Of Career Development Services and Employee Turnover”, A Doctoral Dissertation, Dekalb, Illiniois: Northern Illinois University.
  • SMETANA, J. B., CHAKRABORTY, M., & BANERJEE-BATIST, R. (2018). “Career Development Challenges for Women Pursuing Leadership in India”. In Indian Women in Leadership (pp. 47-65). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham,
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Emine Kambur 0000-0003-4946-6867

Publication Date September 29, 2023
Acceptance Date July 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kambur, E. (2023). What is Happiness?: Career Development and Reducing Barriers. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 7(3), 1063-1079.