Abstract
Many expression techniques are used in today's modern literature. Monologue and dialogue are two of these narrative techniques. These techniques are mostly used in novels and stories. Today, it is understood exactly what monologue and dialogue are. The fact that these techniques were not mentioned in the past does not mean that monologue and dialogue were not used in the works written at that time.
It is seen that the techniques of monologue and dialogue are used in classical Turkish poetry. These techniques manifest themselves more in mesnevi and in ghazels. In gazelles where the concept of heart is used more, all the techniques of inner monologue, outer monologue, inner dialogue and outer dialogue are available. These techniques are not always as clear as in novels and stories. It is understood that these techniques are used after a certain intellectual process. The low number of words in the poem, the need to express a lot with few words, and the poetry's own rules lead to this situation.
An analysis made by isolating the poem from the author and the author from the society in which he lives leads to incomplete understanding of the meaning world of poetry. Poetry should be analyzed using scientific branches such as psychology, sociology and philosophy. In this study, it is aimed to show that an analysis to be made in the light of monologue and dialogue techniques created by using the data of psychology science will contribute to a better understanding of the meaning world of classical Turkish poetry.
The Divan of Şeref Hanım, one of the female poets of the 19th century, is discussed in the study. Şeref Hanım is a female poet who was exposed to financial difficulties, and it is understood from the information available that she was married and had no children. In the selection of his divan, answers to different questions are sought in addition to showing that the poem can be analyzed better by using monologue and dialogue techniques. The first is how Şeref Hanım, as a female poet, used monologue and dialogue compared to other poets. The second is how his real life troubles are reflected in his monologues and dialogues.
There are four main headings in the analysis part of the study. These are examples of inner monologue, outer monologue, inner dialogue and outer dialogue. Şeref Hanım’s Divan has been scanned, the detected samples are analyzed under the relevant title. Examples that include the word Gönül (Heart) or Arabic and Persian words corresponding to this word are analyzed using the features of monologue and dialogue techniques, and the words and word groups that make these techniques distinctive are shown. Based on the technique of monologue and dialogue, the semantic dimension of the couplet is examined and some conclusions are drawn about the mood of the poet.
It is seen that the heart necessitates the use of monologue and dialogue techniques, and these techniques have an effect on gaining a sustainable identity. The way the heart speaks to the lover, the unidentified person (listener-reader) and himself are the factors that enable the use of these techniques. It is seen in the couplets that the poet was alone with himself, could not reflect what he wanted to say, and had a hesitant and anxious mood.
Şeref Hanım adhered to the norms and patterns of the concept of heart in classical Turkish poetry. By using the concept of heart, she withdrew her true personality and spoke with heart. So, she tried to hide her real life troubles. The conditions of the period in which he lived, his troubled life and his inability to act comfortably in the society as a woman like men led to the emergence of a conflicting mood in couplets. She both complained and relied on this situation because of her fortune. It was concluded that monologue and dialogue techniques can be used in the explanation of classical Turkish poetry, in general, by using these techniques, inferences can be made about the mood of the poets, and in particular, Şeref Hanım's troubled life was reflected in some couplets.