Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Consumption of Rapa Whelk (Rapana venosa) from the Black Sea

Year 2024, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 546 - 561, 23.07.2024

Barış Bayraklı , Murat Yiğit , Mutlu Altuntaş , Masashi Maita

https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1374919

Abstract

The present study investigated the bioaccumulation of metals in raw, heat treated -and sterilized Rapa whelk, and evaluated the consumer risks for human consumption. All of the metals, with the exception of Mn, were found to be lower than the permissible FAO standards. A remarkable amount of metal was released into the boiling water (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn) after heat treatment and hypochlorite solution (Al, As, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn). After sterilization, the levels for As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cr, Zn, Se, Cu, and Hg in Rapa whelk were reduced by 47.4%, 40.1%, 24.9%, 20.3%, 17.5%, 4.5%, 3.6%, 0.93%, and 0.68%, respectively. The metals in Rapa whelk exposed to hypochlorite immersion were found to be below permissible upper limits. The target hazard quotients for the non-carcinogenic risks of consuming sterilized Rapa whelk were below “1” (THQ<1), showing “no potential health risks” for adult men, women and children when consuming sterilized Rapa whelk. Indeed, Rapa whelk could be a good source of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn to meet the daily recommended quantities in food, when consumed regularly. However, the cancer risks of As, Cd, Ni, and Pb proved to be over “acceptable levels”; hence, the safe consumption limits determined in this study are advisable when consuming Rapa whelk.

Keywords

cancer risk, hazard index, Rapana venosa, toxic metals, trace elements

Ethical Statement

Ethics approval is not applicable for this study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study.

Thanks

Sadiklar Seafood Processing Company (Dikmen - Sinop, Türkiye) is gratefully acknowledged for providing logistic and facility support in experimental treatments of Rapa whelk samples. Special thanks to Sinop University for the use of laboratory and research facilities in this study.

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