Türkiye'de Kuru Üzümde Okratoksin A Mevcudiyeti ve Risk Değerlendirmesi
Year 2020,
Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1 - 10, 31.12.2020
Hatice İmge Oktay Başeğmez
,
Sümeyye Namlı
Abstract
Sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkileri dolayısıyla Okratoksin A, Uluslararası Kanser Araştırmaları Ajansı tarafından insanlarda muhtemel kanserojen etkiye sahip kimyasallar listesinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de yetişkin nüfusunun okratoksin A maruziyetinin kuru üzüm tüketimi kaynaklı olarak belirlenmesi ve risk karakterizasyonunun yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu değerlendirme, Türkiye'de kuru üzüm örneklerinde 2006-2020 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiş okratoksin A kontaminasyon verisi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. OTA maruziyeti, günlük kuru üzüm tüketimi ve ortalama okratoksin A kontaminasyon miktarının çarpımı ile hesaplanmış ve Türkiye’de yetişkinlerin ortalama vücut ağırlığı (73.7 kg) kullanılarak vücut ağırlığının kilogramı başına ifade edilmiştir. Türk yetişkin nüfusunun kuru üzüm tüketimi kaynaklı tahmini ortalama OTA maruziyeti 0.039 ng/kg v.a/gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu değer EFSA tarafından belirlenen günlük tolere edilebilir miktarın %0.23’ünü oluşturmaktadır. Tahmini günlük maruziyet miktarı kullanılarak hesaplanan maruziyet marjı (MOE) ≥10.000 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm bu sonuçlar Türk yetişkin nüfusunun kuru üzüm tüketimi nedeniyle OTA kaynaklı kronik neoplastik etki riski altında olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.
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Year 2020,
Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1 - 10, 31.12.2020
Hatice İmge Oktay Başeğmez
,
Sümeyye Namlı
References
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- [2] Heperkan, D. (2014). Okratoksin A. In D. Heperkan (Ed.), Gıdalarda Mikotoksinler (p. 67-94). İzmir, Turkey: Sidas Medya Ltd. Şti. ISBN 978-605-5267-20-9
- [3] Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. (CAST). (2003). Mycotoxins: Risks in plant, animal and human systems. Ames, IA: Counsil for Agricultural Science and Technology, Task Force Report No. 139. pp.197
- [4] Marin, S., Ramos, A.J., Cano-Sancho, G., ve Sanchis, V. (2013). Mycotoxins: Occurence, toxicology, and exposure assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 60, 218-237.
- [5] EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2006). Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the Commission related to ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. EFSA Journal, 365: 1-56.
- [6] Ostry, V., Malir, F., Toman J., ve Grosse, Y. (2017). Mycotoxins as human carcinogens- the IARC Monographs classification. Mycotoxin research, 33(1), 65-73.
- [7] International Agency for Research on Cancer. (IARC). (1993). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Some naturally occurring substances, food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. Vol 56. IARC Press, pp. 489–521. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.
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- [9] Mateo,R., Medina, A., Mateo, E.M., Mateo, F., ve Jimenez, M. (2007). An overview of ochratoxin A in beer and wine. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 119, 79–83.
- [10] Bircan, C. (2009). Incidence of ochratoxin A in dried fruits and co-occurrencewith aflatoxins in dried figs. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47, 1996–2001.
- [11] Anlı, E., Çabuk, B., Vural, N., ve Başpınar, E. (2005). Ochratoxin A in Turkish wines. Journal of Food Biochemistry 29, 611-623.
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- [20] Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). (1991). Ochratoxin A. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. WHO Technical Report Series 806. Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/40288/1/WHO_TRS_806.pdf (accessed 10.08.2020)
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- [25] Çağlarırmak, N. (2006). Ochratoxin A, Hydroxymethylfurfural and Vitamin C Levels of Sun-Dried Grapes and Sultanas. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 30, 549-562.
- [26] Çelik C. (2008). Adana’da Bazı Marketlerde Satışa Sunulan Çekirdeksiz Kuru Üzümlerde Okratoksin A Varlığının HPLC Yöntemi ile Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.
- [27] Akdeniz, S.A., Ozden, S., ve Alpertunga, B. (2013). Ochratoxin A in dried grapes and grape-derived products in Turkey. Food Additives and Contaminants Part B Surveillance, 6(4), 265- 269.
- [28] Aslanoğlu, Z. (2014). Kuru Üzümde Okratoksin A ve Fumonisin B2 Varlığının İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
[29] Bakırcı, G.T., Çakmak, F., Özdemir, D. (2016). Ege Bölgesi’nde Satışa Sunulan Kuru Üzümlerde Okratoksin A ve Küf İlişkisi, Akademik Gıda, 14(4), 407-411.
- [30] Arıcı, A. (2019). Kuru Besni Üzümünde Aflatoksin ve Okratoksin A Varlığı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kahramanmaraş.
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- [32] Kabak, B. (2012). Determinations of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in retail cereal products from Turkey by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Food Control, 28,1–6.
- [33] Heshmati, A., Zohrevand, T., Khaneghah, A.M., Nejad, A.S.M., Sant’Ana, A.S. (2017). Co-occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in dried fruits in Iran: Dietary exposure risk assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 106, 202-208.
- [34] Taghizadeh, S.F., Rezaee, R., Davarynejad, G., Asili, J., Nemati, A.H., Goumenou, M., Tsarikis, I., Tsatsakis, A.M., Shirani, K., Karimi, G. (2018). Risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A through consumption of different Pistachio (Pistachia vera L.) cultivars collected from four geographical regions of Iran. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 61, 61-66.
- [35] Mitchell, N.J., Chen, C., Palumbo, J.D., Bianchini, A., Cappozzo, J., Stratton, J., Ryu, D., Wu, F. (2017). A risk assessment of dietary Ochratoxin a in the United States. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 100, 265-273.
- [36] Sugita-Konishi, Y., Kamata, Y., Sato, T., Yoshinari, T., ve Saito, S. (2013). Exposure and risk assessment for ochratoxin A and fumonisins in Japan. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A. 30 (8), 1392-1401.