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DİN, MÜZİK VE İKTİDAR: TALİBAN’IN MÜZİK POLİTİKASI ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 61 - 80, 24.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.58640/asyar.1250876

Abstract

Bu makalede, müziğe yönelik söylem ve uygulamalarından hareketle Taliban’ın kültür politikalarının analizi yapılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede ilk olarak “direniş kimliği / proje kimliği” ve “sermaye” kavramları temelinde bir teorik çerçeve oluşturulmuş, Taliban öncesi Afganistan’daki müzik kültürü, Taliban hareketi ve taranalar hakkında kısaca bilgi verilmiştir. Ardından Taliban’ın müziğe yaklaşımı “pratik faktörler” (tarih, demografi, Taliban öncesi sansür kültürü) ve “teorik faktörler” (müziğin dini açıdan konumlandırılması) şeklinde gruplandırılarak açıklanmıştır. Son olarak örnekler üzerinden taranaların içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma, müziğin siyasi veya sosyal kontrolü sağlamak veya statükoya meydan okumak için kullanışlı bir araç olduğunu göstermektedir. Müziğe yönelik yaklaşım turnusol kâğıdı vazifesi görmektedir; müzik ne kadar özgürse toplum da o kadar özgürdür. Nitekim Taliban’ın yasakçı yaklaşımı müzikle sınırlı olmayıp gündelik yaşamdaki birçok eğlence aktivitesini kapsamaktadır. Binlerce yıldır en önemli kültürel unsurlardan biri olan müziğin yokluğu “anormal” bir yaşamın göstergesidir ki bugün Afganistan’da yaşanan tam da budur. Öte yandan Taliban’ın mevcut din anlayışı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda tüm müzik tarzlarına izin verileceği bir ortam mümkün gözükmemektedir. Afganistan gibi bir coğrafyada müziği sansürlemek, onun birleştirici rolünün ve iyileştirici etkisinin heba olmasına neden olmakta, özünde şifahi olan yerel kültürel dokuya da zarar vermektedir. Taliban’ın müziğe yönelik yaklaşımı zaten sorunlu olan imajını daha da olumsuz bir görünüme itmekte ve uluslararası toplumla ilişkilerini sıkıntılı hale getirmektedir. Öte yandan Taliban’ı iktidara taşıyan koşullar değişmediği sürece mevcut yaklaşımın devam edeceğini ve Afganistan’ın geçmişinin, geleceğinin rehberi olarak kalmaya devam edeceğini ileri sürmek mümkündür.

References

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  • Alagha, Joseph. (2013). “Jihad Through ‘Music’: The Taliban and Hizbullah”. Performing Islam. 1 (2), 263-289.
  • Anwar, Raja. (1989). The Tragedy of Afghanistan A First-hand Account. London: Verso.
  • Aquil, Razuiddin. (2012). “Music and Related Practices in Chishti Sufìsm: Celebrations and Contestations”. Social Scientist. 40 (3/4), 17-32.
  • Baig, Khalid. (2008). Slippery Stone: an Inquiry into Islam’s stance on Music. Garden Grove: Openmind Press.
  • Baily, John. (1988). Music of Afghanistan: Professional Musicians in the City of Herat (Vol. 1). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baily, John. (2001). Can You Stop the Birds Singing? The Censorship of Music in Afghanistan. Freemuse Report, 1, http://www.freemuse.org/sw1106.asp (e.t.: 22 Aralık, 2022).
  • Baily, John. (2004). “Music Censorship in Afghanistan Before and After The Taliban”. Shoot the Singer!: Music Censorship Today. Ed., Marie Korpe. London: Zed Books, 19-29.
  • Baily, John. (2009). “Music and Censorship in Afghanistan, 1973–2003”. Ed., Laudan Nooshin. Music and the Play of Power in the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Baily, John. (2011). Songs from Kabul: the Spiritual Music of Ustad Amir Mohammad. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Barfield, Thomas. (2021). Afganistan: Politik ve Kültürel Bir Tarih. Çev., Burhan Yüksekkaş. İstanbul: Vakıfbank Kültür Yayınları.
  • Bhattacharjee, Anuradha & Alam, Shadab. (2012). “The Origin and Journey of Qawwali: From Sacred Ritual to Entertainment?”. Journal of Creative Communications. 7 (3), 209-225.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre & Wacquant, Loic J. D. (2003). Düşünümsel Bir Antropoloji İçin Cevaplar. Çev., Nazlı Ökten. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
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  • Crews, Robert & Tarzi, Amin. (2009). The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Goodson, Larry P. (2001). Afghanistan’s Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban. Washington: University of Washington Press.
  • Hyman, Anthony. (1984). Afghanistan Under Soviet Domination, 1964-83. London: Macmillan.
  • Ingram, Brannon. (2018). Revival From Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam. Oakland: University of California Press.
  • Johnson, Thomas & Waheed, Ahmad. (2011), “Analyzing Taliban Taranas (Chants): An Effective Afghan Propaganda Artefact”. Small Wars and Insurgencies. 22 (1), 3-31.
  • Johnson, Thomas & Steele, Kevin. (2013). “The Taliban Narrative: Understanding the Group’s Messages, Actions and Clues to Their Endgame”. Ed., Steven R. Corman. Narrating the Exit from Afghanistan. Tempe: Center for Strategic Communication, 71-98.
  • Majrooh, Naim. (1998). “The Talibans Have Banned All Music in Afghanistan”. 1st World Conference on Music and Censorship. Copenhagen: Danish Center for Human Rights, 27-30.
  • Oğuz, Esedullah. (2001). Hedef Ülke Afghanistan. İstanbul: Doğan Kitapçılık.
  • Platon. (2005). Devlet. Çev., Cenk Saraçoğlu & Veysel Atayman. İstanbul: Bordo Siyah.
  • Raşid, Ahmed. (2001). Taliban: İslamiyet, Petrol ve Orta Asya’da Yeni Büyük Oyun. Çev., Osman Akınhay. İstanbul: Mozaik Yayınları.
  • Sakata, Hiromi Lorraine. (20129. “Music in Afghanistan”. Asian Studies. 17 (2), 18-22, https://www.asianstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/music-in-afghanistan.pdf (e.t.: 12 Ekim, 2022).
  • Al-Salihi, Azmi & Öz, Mustafa. “Hariciler”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 175-178.
  • Samady, Saif R. (2001). “Education and Afghan Society in the Twentieth Century United Nations Educational”. Scientific and Cultural Organization Education Sector Paris. November, 23-38.
  • Semple, Michael. (2011). “Rhetoric of Resistance in the Taliban’s Rebel Ballads.” Harvard Kennedy School-Carr Center Working Papers Collection, http://www.hks.harvard.edu/cchrp/research/working_papers/Semple_RhetoricOfResistanceInTheTalibanTuranas.pdf (e.t.:10 Aralık, 2022).
  • Scholes, Percy A. (1955). The Oxford Companion to Music. (9th edition). London: Oxford University Press.
  • Slobin, Mark. (1974). “Music in Contemporary Afghan Society.” Afghanistan in the 1970s. Ed., Louis Dupree and Linette Albert. New York: Praeger, 239-248.
  • Takahashi, Akihiro. (1980). “Characteristics of Afghan Folk Music: A Comparative Study of the Musical Characters of the Tajik, Uzbek, Pashtun and Hazara Tribes.” Senri Ethnological Studies. 5, 29-46.
  • Youssefzadeh, Ameneh. (2000). “The Situation of Music in Iran since the Revolution: The Role of Official Organizations.” British Journal of Ethnomusicology. 9 (2), 35-61.
  • Yusufzai, Rahimullah. (1998). “All Quiet in Kabul”. Index on Censorship. 27 (6), 135-138.
  • Willard, N. Augustus. (1834). A Treatise on the Music of Hindoostan. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2021/08/29/Taliban-brutally-killed-Afghan-folk-singer-Fawad-Andarabi-Former-minister (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://www.radiofrance.com/les-editions/disque/afghanistan-musique-de-herat-et-kaboul (e.t.: 15 Ekim, 2022).
  • https://www.quaker.org.uk/our-organisation/quaker-groups/quaker-music-network (e.t.: 11 Kasım, 2022).
  • https://www.indyturk.com/node/409981/d%C3%BCnya/taliban-afganistanda-m%C3%BCzik-ve-sanata-son-mu-verecek (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://twitter.com/AbdulhaqOmeri/status/1482222803906617347 (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://menafn.com/1102766905/Taliban-destroys-musical-instruments-in-Afghanistans-National-Institute (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • http://www.voicesofafghanistan.com/ustad-farida-mahwash/ (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://www.mujali.af/ (e.t.: 20 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://www.tarani.af/ (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://www.youtube.com/@alfatihstudio4941 (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 61 - 80, 24.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.58640/asyar.1250876

Abstract

References

  • Ahmad, Aziz. (1962). “Political And Religious Ideas of Shāh Wali‐Ullāh of Delhı”. The Muslim World. 52 (1), 22-30.
  • Alagha, Joseph. (2013). “Jihad Through ‘Music’: The Taliban and Hizbullah”. Performing Islam. 1 (2), 263-289.
  • Anwar, Raja. (1989). The Tragedy of Afghanistan A First-hand Account. London: Verso.
  • Aquil, Razuiddin. (2012). “Music and Related Practices in Chishti Sufìsm: Celebrations and Contestations”. Social Scientist. 40 (3/4), 17-32.
  • Baig, Khalid. (2008). Slippery Stone: an Inquiry into Islam’s stance on Music. Garden Grove: Openmind Press.
  • Baily, John. (1988). Music of Afghanistan: Professional Musicians in the City of Herat (Vol. 1). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Baily, John. (2001). Can You Stop the Birds Singing? The Censorship of Music in Afghanistan. Freemuse Report, 1, http://www.freemuse.org/sw1106.asp (e.t.: 22 Aralık, 2022).
  • Baily, John. (2004). “Music Censorship in Afghanistan Before and After The Taliban”. Shoot the Singer!: Music Censorship Today. Ed., Marie Korpe. London: Zed Books, 19-29.
  • Baily, John. (2009). “Music and Censorship in Afghanistan, 1973–2003”. Ed., Laudan Nooshin. Music and the Play of Power in the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Baily, John. (2011). Songs from Kabul: the Spiritual Music of Ustad Amir Mohammad. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Barfield, Thomas. (2021). Afganistan: Politik ve Kültürel Bir Tarih. Çev., Burhan Yüksekkaş. İstanbul: Vakıfbank Kültür Yayınları.
  • Bhattacharjee, Anuradha & Alam, Shadab. (2012). “The Origin and Journey of Qawwali: From Sacred Ritual to Entertainment?”. Journal of Creative Communications. 7 (3), 209-225.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre & Wacquant, Loic J. D. (2003). Düşünümsel Bir Antropoloji İçin Cevaplar. Çev., Nazlı Ökten. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Broughton, Simon. (2002). “Breaking the silence: Music in Afghanistan”. VHS (BBC Education & Training, 2002). [RILM Abstracts of Music Literature, 2002-15784], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_WU8FV_LEw (e.t.: 12 Ekim, 2022).
  • Castells, Manuel. (2008) Kimliğin Gücü Enformasyon Çağı-Ekonomik Toplum ve Kültür-2. Çev., Ebru Kılıç. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Crews, Robert & Tarzi, Amin. (2009). The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Goodson, Larry P. (2001). Afghanistan’s Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban. Washington: University of Washington Press.
  • Hyman, Anthony. (1984). Afghanistan Under Soviet Domination, 1964-83. London: Macmillan.
  • Ingram, Brannon. (2018). Revival From Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam. Oakland: University of California Press.
  • Johnson, Thomas & Waheed, Ahmad. (2011), “Analyzing Taliban Taranas (Chants): An Effective Afghan Propaganda Artefact”. Small Wars and Insurgencies. 22 (1), 3-31.
  • Johnson, Thomas & Steele, Kevin. (2013). “The Taliban Narrative: Understanding the Group’s Messages, Actions and Clues to Their Endgame”. Ed., Steven R. Corman. Narrating the Exit from Afghanistan. Tempe: Center for Strategic Communication, 71-98.
  • Majrooh, Naim. (1998). “The Talibans Have Banned All Music in Afghanistan”. 1st World Conference on Music and Censorship. Copenhagen: Danish Center for Human Rights, 27-30.
  • Oğuz, Esedullah. (2001). Hedef Ülke Afghanistan. İstanbul: Doğan Kitapçılık.
  • Platon. (2005). Devlet. Çev., Cenk Saraçoğlu & Veysel Atayman. İstanbul: Bordo Siyah.
  • Raşid, Ahmed. (2001). Taliban: İslamiyet, Petrol ve Orta Asya’da Yeni Büyük Oyun. Çev., Osman Akınhay. İstanbul: Mozaik Yayınları.
  • Sakata, Hiromi Lorraine. (20129. “Music in Afghanistan”. Asian Studies. 17 (2), 18-22, https://www.asianstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/music-in-afghanistan.pdf (e.t.: 12 Ekim, 2022).
  • Al-Salihi, Azmi & Öz, Mustafa. “Hariciler”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 175-178.
  • Samady, Saif R. (2001). “Education and Afghan Society in the Twentieth Century United Nations Educational”. Scientific and Cultural Organization Education Sector Paris. November, 23-38.
  • Semple, Michael. (2011). “Rhetoric of Resistance in the Taliban’s Rebel Ballads.” Harvard Kennedy School-Carr Center Working Papers Collection, http://www.hks.harvard.edu/cchrp/research/working_papers/Semple_RhetoricOfResistanceInTheTalibanTuranas.pdf (e.t.:10 Aralık, 2022).
  • Scholes, Percy A. (1955). The Oxford Companion to Music. (9th edition). London: Oxford University Press.
  • Slobin, Mark. (1974). “Music in Contemporary Afghan Society.” Afghanistan in the 1970s. Ed., Louis Dupree and Linette Albert. New York: Praeger, 239-248.
  • Takahashi, Akihiro. (1980). “Characteristics of Afghan Folk Music: A Comparative Study of the Musical Characters of the Tajik, Uzbek, Pashtun and Hazara Tribes.” Senri Ethnological Studies. 5, 29-46.
  • Youssefzadeh, Ameneh. (2000). “The Situation of Music in Iran since the Revolution: The Role of Official Organizations.” British Journal of Ethnomusicology. 9 (2), 35-61.
  • Yusufzai, Rahimullah. (1998). “All Quiet in Kabul”. Index on Censorship. 27 (6), 135-138.
  • Willard, N. Augustus. (1834). A Treatise on the Music of Hindoostan. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2021/08/29/Taliban-brutally-killed-Afghan-folk-singer-Fawad-Andarabi-Former-minister (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://www.radiofrance.com/les-editions/disque/afghanistan-musique-de-herat-et-kaboul (e.t.: 15 Ekim, 2022).
  • https://www.quaker.org.uk/our-organisation/quaker-groups/quaker-music-network (e.t.: 11 Kasım, 2022).
  • https://www.indyturk.com/node/409981/d%C3%BCnya/taliban-afganistanda-m%C3%BCzik-ve-sanata-son-mu-verecek (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://twitter.com/AbdulhaqOmeri/status/1482222803906617347 (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://menafn.com/1102766905/Taliban-destroys-musical-instruments-in-Afghanistans-National-Institute (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • http://www.voicesofafghanistan.com/ustad-farida-mahwash/ (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://www.mujali.af/ (e.t.: 20 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://www.tarani.af/ (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
  • https://www.youtube.com/@alfatihstudio4941 (e.t.: 28 Aralık, 2022).
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cemal Özel 0000-0001-9977-6308

Publication Date September 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özel, C. (2023). DİN, MÜZİK VE İKTİDAR: TALİBAN’IN MÜZİK POLİTİKASI ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ. Asya Araştırmaları Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.58640/asyar.1250876
Asian Studies International Journal of Social Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 (CC BY NC) International License