Visual Hallucinations Due to Inhalant Use: An Example of Dream Modeling
Year 2025,
Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 127 - 132, 31.03.2025
Mustafa Danışman
,
Gamze Zengin İspir
,
Kübra Sezer Katar
Abstract
Volatile substances can induce a range of neuropsychiatric effects, including delusions and hallucinations, and can also lead to sudden death. These substances are often associated with individuals of lower socioeconomic status and are frequently depicted in the literature as being used out of hopelessness, with little attention given to their pleasurable effects. However, the various hallucinations experienced during volatile substance use may significantly contribute to their appeal. This article explores the case of a patient admitted to our clinic for treatment who, despite being older than typically expected for such substance use, continues to use volatile substances and claims to have control over and direct these experiences. The visual hallucinations reported by the patient are analyzed, drawing parallels to the concept of lucid dreams. The findings suggest that these hallucinatory experiences may act as a positive reinforcement for the patient's continued substance use.
References
- Pelletti G, Rossi F, Garagnani M, et al. Medico-legal implications of toluene abuse and toxicity. Review of cases along with blood concentrations. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 34: 48-57.
- Cruz SL, Domínguez M. Misusing volatile substances for their hallucinatory effects: A qualitative pilot study with Mexican teenagers and a pharmacological discussion of their hallucinations. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46(Suppl 1): 84-94.
- Wu L-T, Ringwalt CL. Inhalant use and disorders among adults in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006; 85(1): 1-11.
- Boztaş MH, Arısoy Ö. Uçucu madde bağımlılığı ve tıbbi sonuçları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2(4): 516-531.
- Dilbaz N. Uçucuların Kullanımına Bağlı Ruhsal ve Davranışsal Bozukluklar. Ankara: Pozitif Matbaa, 2010.
- Sugie H, Sasaki C, Hashimoto C, et al. Three cases of sudden death due to butane or propane gas inhalation: analysis of tissues for gas components. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 143)2-3): 211-214.
- Sacks O. Hallucinations. New York, NY: Knopf/Picador, 2012.
- Waters F, Blom JD, Dang-Vu TT, et al. What is the link between hallucinations, dreams, and hypnagogic–hypnopompic experiences? Schizophr Bull 2016; 42(5): 1098-1109.
- Dresler M, Wehrle R, Spoormaker VI, et al. Neural correlates of insight in dreaming and psychosis. Sleep Med Rev 2015; 20: 92-99.
- Voss U, Holzmann R, Tuin I, Hobson AJ. Lucid dreaming: a state of consciousness with features of both waking and non-lucid dreaming. Sleep 2009; 32(9): 1191-1200.
- Van Eeden F. A study of dreams. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 1913; 26: 431-461.
- Weiss RD, Mirin SM, Bartel RL. Cocaine. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
- Teeple RC, Caplan JP, Stern TA. Visual hallucinations: differential diagnosis and treatment. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 11(1): 26-32.
- Barrett FS, Schlienz NJ, Lembeck N, et al. “Hallucinations” following acute cannabis dosing: a case report and comparison to other hallucinogenic drugs. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3(1): 85-93.
- Freud S. The Interpretation of Dreams, Standard Edition. London: Hogarth Press, 1900: 339-627.
- Shashkov A, Raduga M, Nav A, et al. Comparative analysis of lucid dream deepening techniques. Psychol Conscious (Wash D C) 2024; doi: 10.1037/cns0000389
- Limosani I, D’agostino A, Manzone ML, Scarone S. The dreaming brain/mind, consciousness and psychosis. Conscious Cogn 2011; 20(4): 987-992.
- Mota-Rolim SA, Erlacher D, Tort A, et al. Different kinds of subjective experience duringlucid dreaming may have different neural sub-strates. Commentary on “The neurobiology of consciousness:Lucid dreaming wakes up” by J. Allan Hobson. International Journal of Dream Research 2010; 3(1): 33-35.
- Dresler M, Wehrle R, Spoormaker VI, et al. Neural correlates of dream lucidity obtained from contrasting lucid versus non-lucid REM sleep: a combined EEG/fMRI case study. Sleep 2012; 35(7): 1017-1020.
- Soussan C, Andersson M, Kjellgren A. The diverse reasons for using Novel Psychoactive Substances-A qualitative study of the users' own perspectives. Int J Drug Policy 2018; 52: 71-78.
Uçucu Madde Kullanımına Bağlı Görsel Halüsinasyonlar: Bir Rüya Modellemesi Örneği
Year 2025,
Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 127 - 132, 31.03.2025
Mustafa Danışman
,
Gamze Zengin İspir
,
Kübra Sezer Katar
Abstract
Uçucu maddeler, sanrılar ve halüsinasyonlar da dahil olmak üzere bir dizi nöropsikiyatrik etkiye neden olabilir ve ani ölümlere de yol açabilir. Bu maddeler genellikle düşük sosyoekonomik statüdeki bireylerle ilişkilendirilmekte ve literatürde sıklıkla umutsuzluk nedeniyle kullanıldığı ve keyif verici etkilerine çok az dikkat edildiği şeklinde tasvir edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, uçucu madde kullanımı sırasında yaşanan çeşitli halüsinasyonlar bu maddelerin cazibesine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunabilir. Bu makale, kliniğimize tedavi için başvuran ve bu tür madde kullanımı için tipik olarak beklenenden daha yaşlı olmasına rağmen uçucu madde kullanmaya devam eden ve bu deneyimleri kontrol ettiğini ve yönlendirdiğini iddia eden bir hastanın durumunu incelemektedir. Hasta tarafından bildirilen görsel halüsinasyonlar, lüsid rüyalar kavramıyla paralellikler kurularak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, bu halüsinasyon deneyimlerinin hastanın madde kullanımına devam etmesi için olumlu bir pekiştireç görevi görebileceğini öne sürmektedir.
Ethical Statement
Yazımızla ilgili başka herhangi bir dergiye yükleme yapılmamıştır. Hasta gizliliğine dikkat edilmiştir. Olgu sunumu olmadıgı ıcın herhangi bir etik kurul basvurusu yapılmamıştır. Her üç yazarda makalenin yazımında görev almışlardır.
Supporting Institution
Yazımız için herhangi bir kurum ya da yazarlar dışındaki bir kişiden destek alınmamıştır.
References
- Pelletti G, Rossi F, Garagnani M, et al. Medico-legal implications of toluene abuse and toxicity. Review of cases along with blood concentrations. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 34: 48-57.
- Cruz SL, Domínguez M. Misusing volatile substances for their hallucinatory effects: A qualitative pilot study with Mexican teenagers and a pharmacological discussion of their hallucinations. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46(Suppl 1): 84-94.
- Wu L-T, Ringwalt CL. Inhalant use and disorders among adults in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006; 85(1): 1-11.
- Boztaş MH, Arısoy Ö. Uçucu madde bağımlılığı ve tıbbi sonuçları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2(4): 516-531.
- Dilbaz N. Uçucuların Kullanımına Bağlı Ruhsal ve Davranışsal Bozukluklar. Ankara: Pozitif Matbaa, 2010.
- Sugie H, Sasaki C, Hashimoto C, et al. Three cases of sudden death due to butane or propane gas inhalation: analysis of tissues for gas components. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 143)2-3): 211-214.
- Sacks O. Hallucinations. New York, NY: Knopf/Picador, 2012.
- Waters F, Blom JD, Dang-Vu TT, et al. What is the link between hallucinations, dreams, and hypnagogic–hypnopompic experiences? Schizophr Bull 2016; 42(5): 1098-1109.
- Dresler M, Wehrle R, Spoormaker VI, et al. Neural correlates of insight in dreaming and psychosis. Sleep Med Rev 2015; 20: 92-99.
- Voss U, Holzmann R, Tuin I, Hobson AJ. Lucid dreaming: a state of consciousness with features of both waking and non-lucid dreaming. Sleep 2009; 32(9): 1191-1200.
- Van Eeden F. A study of dreams. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 1913; 26: 431-461.
- Weiss RD, Mirin SM, Bartel RL. Cocaine. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
- Teeple RC, Caplan JP, Stern TA. Visual hallucinations: differential diagnosis and treatment. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 11(1): 26-32.
- Barrett FS, Schlienz NJ, Lembeck N, et al. “Hallucinations” following acute cannabis dosing: a case report and comparison to other hallucinogenic drugs. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3(1): 85-93.
- Freud S. The Interpretation of Dreams, Standard Edition. London: Hogarth Press, 1900: 339-627.
- Shashkov A, Raduga M, Nav A, et al. Comparative analysis of lucid dream deepening techniques. Psychol Conscious (Wash D C) 2024; doi: 10.1037/cns0000389
- Limosani I, D’agostino A, Manzone ML, Scarone S. The dreaming brain/mind, consciousness and psychosis. Conscious Cogn 2011; 20(4): 987-992.
- Mota-Rolim SA, Erlacher D, Tort A, et al. Different kinds of subjective experience duringlucid dreaming may have different neural sub-strates. Commentary on “The neurobiology of consciousness:Lucid dreaming wakes up” by J. Allan Hobson. International Journal of Dream Research 2010; 3(1): 33-35.
- Dresler M, Wehrle R, Spoormaker VI, et al. Neural correlates of dream lucidity obtained from contrasting lucid versus non-lucid REM sleep: a combined EEG/fMRI case study. Sleep 2012; 35(7): 1017-1020.
- Soussan C, Andersson M, Kjellgren A. The diverse reasons for using Novel Psychoactive Substances-A qualitative study of the users' own perspectives. Int J Drug Policy 2018; 52: 71-78.