The Wounds of Jesus Christ on the Cross: Historical Development and Types of Stigmata Understanding in Christianity

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 83 - 100, 15.06.2022

Zekiye Sönmez

https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1064758

Abstract

With a crown of thorns on his head, nails in his hands and feet, and a spear wound in his chest, Jesus Christ of Nazareth, who was hanging on the Cross, has occupied Christians for hundreds of years and continues to do so. All Christian faith centres around Jesus, who sacrificed himself on the crucifix for this symbolized event, or "salvation of sinful mankind." In this framework, Christians believe that every human being should imitate the life of Christ as a "model savior", and especially experience the same wounds and passion on the crucifix. Paul was the first to say that he had the scars of Christ on his body. Francis of Assisi and others followed him, and they were considered stigmatics/stigmata bearers. In our country, although there have been many studies on Jesus, no study on the subject of stigmata has been found. Therefore, in this article, the emergence of the understanding of stigmata in the context of bearing the wounds of Jesus Christ on the cross on the body of believers, its historical development, the perceptions of the Middle Ages and the stigmata of Paul and Francis of Assisi will be discussed. Thus, the development of the understanding of stigmata in the Christian world and how effective it is will be tried to be revealed.

Keywords

History of Religions, Stigmata, Wounds of Jesus Christ, Paul, Francis of Assisi, Cross.

İsa Mesih’in Çarmıhtaki Yaraları: Hıristiyanlıkta Stigmata Anlayışının Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Türleri

Abstract

Kafasında dikenli taç, el ve ayaklarında çiviler ve göğsündeki mızrak yarasıyla Haça Gerilmiş Nasıralı İsa Mesih, Hıristiyanları yüzlerce yıldır meşgul etmiş ve etmeye de devam etmektedir. Bütün Hıristiyan inancı, sembolleştirilen bu olay ya da “günahkâr insanlığın kurtuluşu” için kendisini çarmıhta feda eden İsa merkezinde dönmektedir. Bu çerçevede Hıristiyanlar, her insanın, “model kurtarıcı” olarak Mesih’in hayatını taklit etmesi, özellikle çarmıhtaki yaralarını ve ıstırabını aynen yaşaması gerektiğine inanmaktadır. Bedeninde Mesih’in yara izlerini taşıdığını söyleyen ilk kişi Pavlus olmuştur. Onu, Asissili Francis ve diğerleri takip etmiş ve onlar stigmatikler/stigmata taşıyanlar olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ülkemizde, İsa hakkında çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen, stigmata konusuyla ilgili herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bundan dolayı bu makalede; İsa Mesih’in çarmıhtaki yara izlerinin, inananların bedeninde taşınması bağlamında stigmata anlayışının ortaya çıkışı, tarihsel gelişimi, Orta Çağ’daki algı biçimleriyle Pavlus ve Assisili Francis’in stigmataları ele alınacaktır. Böylece stigmata anlayışının, Hıristiyan dünyasındaki gelişimi ve ne kadar etkili olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.

Keywords

Dinler Tarihi, Stigmata, İsa Mesih, Pavlus, Assisili Francis, Haç.

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