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Batık Maliyet Etkisi: Geçmiş Kararların Mahkûmu Olmak

Year 2020, , 72 - 93, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.671750

Abstract

Şartlar değiştiyse kararı değiştirmek gelecekteki faydayı arttırabilir. Ancak insanlar genellikle önceki yaptıkları yatırımlarının, şu andaki kararlarını etkilemelerine izin vermektedir. Bu durum “batık maliyet” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, “batık maliyet” etkisini açıklamaktır. Araştırma kapsamında, kamu/özel sektörde yönetici olan 294 kişiye kolayda örneklem yoluyla ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcılara, kullanım/karar gelişimine ilişkin varsayımsal 3 senaryo sorulmuştur. Analizlerde ki-kare ve korelasyon analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Senaryo 1’de katılımcıların %64’ü rasyonel bir karar vererek daha çok eğleneceklerini düşündükleri Bodrum Tatilini tercih etmiştir. Senaryo 2 ve 3’te katılımcıların batık maliyet etkisinde kaldıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Yüksek yatırım düzeyinde, katılımcıların %91,8’i batık maliyet etkisi altında kalarak projeyi devam ettirirken; düşük yatırım düzeyinde katılımcıların %46’sı yatırımı durdurma kararı vermiştir. Ayrıca batık maliyet etkisinin ortaya çıkmasında “kaynakları israf etmiş olmamak” niyetinin çok etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Arkes, H. R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The Psychology of Sunk Cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35, 124-140.
  • Bornstein, B. H., & Chapman, G. B. (1995). Learning Lessons from Sunk Costs. Learning of Experimental Psychology, 1(4), s. 251-269.
  • Braverman, J. A., & Blumenthal-Barby, J. (2012). Assessment of the Sunk-Cost Effect in Clinical Decision-Making. Social Science& Medicine, 75, s. 186-192. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.006
  • Coleman, M. D. (2010). Sunk Cost, Emotion, and Commitment to Education. Curr Psychol, 29, s. 346-356. doi:10.1007/s12144-010-9094-6
  • Cunha Jr., M., & Caldieraro, F. (2009). Sunk-Cost Effects on Purely Behavioral Investments. Cognitive Science, 33, s. 105-113. doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2008.01005.x
  • Drucker, P. F. (2009). Büyük Değişimler Çağında Yönetim. (Z. Dicleli, Çev.) İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.
  • Duxbury, D. (2012). The British Accounting Review, 44, s. 144-156. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2012.07.004
  • Emich, K. J., & Pyone, J. S. (2018). Let It Go: Positive Affect Attenuates Sunk Cost Bias by Enchancing Cognitive Flexibility. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28(4), s. 578-596. doi:10.1002/jcpy.1030
  • Fujino, J., Fujimoto, S., Kodaka, F., Camerer, C. F., Kawada, R., Tsurumi, K., . . . Takahashi, H. (2016). Neural Mechanisms and Personality Correlates of the Sunk Cost Effect. Scientific Reports. doi:0.1038/srep33171
  • Garland, H., & Conlon, D. E. (1998). Too Close to Quit: The Role of Project Completion in Maintaining Commitment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(22), s. 2025-2048.
  • Haita-Falah, C. (2017). Sunk-Cost Fallacy and Cognitive Ability in Individual Decison Making. Journal of Economic Psychology, 58, s. 44-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.12.001 adresinden alındı
  • Haller, A., & Schwabe, L. (2014). Sunk Costs in the Human Brain. Neurolmage, 97, s. 127-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.036 adresinden alındı
  • Hammond, J. S., Keeney, R. L., & Raiffa, H. (2006, Januvary). The Hidden Traps in Decision Making. 11 01, 2018 tarihinde Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2006/01/the-hidden-traps-in-decision-making adresinden alındı
  • Heath, C. (1995). Escalation and De-escalation of Commitment in Response to Sunk Cost: The Role of Budgeting in Mental Accounting. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62(1), s. 38-54.
  • Jarmolowicz, D. P., Bickel, W. K., Sofis, M. J., Hatz, L. E., & Mueller, E. T. (2016, October). Sunk Costs, Psychological Symptomatology, and Help Seeking. Springerplus, 5(1). doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3402-z
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Hızlı ve Yavaş Düşünme (4. Baskı b.). (O. Ç. Deniztekin, & F. N. Deniztekin, Çev.) İstanbul: Varlık Yayınlar.
  • McAfee, R. P., Mialon, H. M., & Mialon, S. H. (2010, April). Do Sunk Costs Matter? Economic Inquiry, 48(2), s. 323-336.
  • Navarro, A. D., & Fantiona, E. (2009). The Sunk-Time Effect. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 22, s. 252-270. doi:10.1002/bdm.624
  • Parayre, R. (1995). The Strategic Implications of Sunk Cost: A Behavioral Perspective. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, s. 417-442.
  • Pehlivanoğlu, F., & İnce, M. R. (2018, Aralık). Batık Maliyet, Potansiyel Rekabet ve Yarışabilirlik: Denizyolu Taşımacılığı Piyasası Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(3). doi:10.30798/makuiibf.425245
  • Rego, S., Arantes, J., & Magalhaes, P. (2018). Is There a Sunk Cost Effect in Committed Relatioanships. Curr Psychol, 37, s. 508-519. doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9529-9
  • Roth, S., Robbert, T., & Straus, L. (2015). On the Sunk Effect in Economic Desicion-Making: A Meta-Analytic. Business Research, 9, s. 99-138.
  • Sofis, M. J., Jarmolowicz, D. P., Hudnall, J. L., & Reed, D. D. (2015). On Sunk Cost and Escalation. Psychol Rec, 65, s. 487-494. doi:10.1007/s40732-015-0124-5
  • Staw, B. M. (1976). Knee-Deep in the Big Muddy: A Study of Escalating Commitment to a Chosen Course of Action. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, s. 27-44.
  • Steinman, R. B., & Jacobs, E. (2015). Sunk Cost Effects on Consumer Choice. Business Management Dynamics, 4(11), 25-30.
  • Strough, J., Mehta, C. M., McFall, J. P., & Schuller, K. L. (2008). Are Older Adults Less Subject to the Sunk-Cost Fallacy Than Younger Adults? Psychological Science, 19(7), s. 650-654.
  • Strough, J., Schlosnagle, L., & DiDonato, L. (2011). Understanding Decisions About Sunk Costs From Older and Younger Adults' Perspectives. The Journal of Gerontolgy, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66(6), s. 681-686. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr057
  • Strough, J., Schlosnagle, L., Karns, T., Lemaster, P., & Pichatatothin, N. (2014). No Time to Waste: Restring Life-Span Temporal Horizons Decreases the Sunk-Cost Fallacy. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 27, s. 78-94.
  • Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1, 39-60.
  • Thames, E. A. (1996). The Sunk-Cost Effect: The Importance of Context. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11(4), s. 817-826.
  • Whyte, G. (1993). Escalating Commitment in Individual and Group Decision Making: A Prospect Theory Approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54, s. 430-455.
  • Zeng, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, C., Yu, R., & Gong, Q. (2013). An fMRI Study on Sunk Cost Effect. Brain Research(1519), s. 63-70. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.001

Sunk Cost Effect: Being a Prisoner of Past Decisions

Year 2020, , 72 - 93, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.671750

Abstract

If the conditions have changed, changing the decision may increase future benefit. However, people allow the influence of current decisions from previous investments. This is described as sunk costs. The aim of this study is to explain the sunk cost effect. Two hundred ninety-four managers working in the public/private sectors were reached by easy sampling. Participants were asked about three hypothetical scenario. Chi-square and correlation analyze were used in the analyzes. In Scenario 1, 64% of the participants made a rational decision and chose the Bodrum Holiday. In Scenario 2 and 3, the participants were observed to be affected by the sunk-cost effect. In the case of a high level of investment, 91.8% of the participants decided to continue the project by sunk cost effect while in the case of low-level investment 46% of the participants decided to stop the investment. In addition, the intention to avoid wasting resources was found to be effective in the sunk cost effect.

References

  • Arkes, H. R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The Psychology of Sunk Cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35, 124-140.
  • Bornstein, B. H., & Chapman, G. B. (1995). Learning Lessons from Sunk Costs. Learning of Experimental Psychology, 1(4), s. 251-269.
  • Braverman, J. A., & Blumenthal-Barby, J. (2012). Assessment of the Sunk-Cost Effect in Clinical Decision-Making. Social Science& Medicine, 75, s. 186-192. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.006
  • Coleman, M. D. (2010). Sunk Cost, Emotion, and Commitment to Education. Curr Psychol, 29, s. 346-356. doi:10.1007/s12144-010-9094-6
  • Cunha Jr., M., & Caldieraro, F. (2009). Sunk-Cost Effects on Purely Behavioral Investments. Cognitive Science, 33, s. 105-113. doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2008.01005.x
  • Drucker, P. F. (2009). Büyük Değişimler Çağında Yönetim. (Z. Dicleli, Çev.) İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.
  • Duxbury, D. (2012). The British Accounting Review, 44, s. 144-156. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2012.07.004
  • Emich, K. J., & Pyone, J. S. (2018). Let It Go: Positive Affect Attenuates Sunk Cost Bias by Enchancing Cognitive Flexibility. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28(4), s. 578-596. doi:10.1002/jcpy.1030
  • Fujino, J., Fujimoto, S., Kodaka, F., Camerer, C. F., Kawada, R., Tsurumi, K., . . . Takahashi, H. (2016). Neural Mechanisms and Personality Correlates of the Sunk Cost Effect. Scientific Reports. doi:0.1038/srep33171
  • Garland, H., & Conlon, D. E. (1998). Too Close to Quit: The Role of Project Completion in Maintaining Commitment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(22), s. 2025-2048.
  • Haita-Falah, C. (2017). Sunk-Cost Fallacy and Cognitive Ability in Individual Decison Making. Journal of Economic Psychology, 58, s. 44-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.12.001 adresinden alındı
  • Haller, A., & Schwabe, L. (2014). Sunk Costs in the Human Brain. Neurolmage, 97, s. 127-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.036 adresinden alındı
  • Hammond, J. S., Keeney, R. L., & Raiffa, H. (2006, Januvary). The Hidden Traps in Decision Making. 11 01, 2018 tarihinde Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2006/01/the-hidden-traps-in-decision-making adresinden alındı
  • Heath, C. (1995). Escalation and De-escalation of Commitment in Response to Sunk Cost: The Role of Budgeting in Mental Accounting. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62(1), s. 38-54.
  • Jarmolowicz, D. P., Bickel, W. K., Sofis, M. J., Hatz, L. E., & Mueller, E. T. (2016, October). Sunk Costs, Psychological Symptomatology, and Help Seeking. Springerplus, 5(1). doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3402-z
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Hızlı ve Yavaş Düşünme (4. Baskı b.). (O. Ç. Deniztekin, & F. N. Deniztekin, Çev.) İstanbul: Varlık Yayınlar.
  • McAfee, R. P., Mialon, H. M., & Mialon, S. H. (2010, April). Do Sunk Costs Matter? Economic Inquiry, 48(2), s. 323-336.
  • Navarro, A. D., & Fantiona, E. (2009). The Sunk-Time Effect. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 22, s. 252-270. doi:10.1002/bdm.624
  • Parayre, R. (1995). The Strategic Implications of Sunk Cost: A Behavioral Perspective. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, s. 417-442.
  • Pehlivanoğlu, F., & İnce, M. R. (2018, Aralık). Batık Maliyet, Potansiyel Rekabet ve Yarışabilirlik: Denizyolu Taşımacılığı Piyasası Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(3). doi:10.30798/makuiibf.425245
  • Rego, S., Arantes, J., & Magalhaes, P. (2018). Is There a Sunk Cost Effect in Committed Relatioanships. Curr Psychol, 37, s. 508-519. doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9529-9
  • Roth, S., Robbert, T., & Straus, L. (2015). On the Sunk Effect in Economic Desicion-Making: A Meta-Analytic. Business Research, 9, s. 99-138.
  • Sofis, M. J., Jarmolowicz, D. P., Hudnall, J. L., & Reed, D. D. (2015). On Sunk Cost and Escalation. Psychol Rec, 65, s. 487-494. doi:10.1007/s40732-015-0124-5
  • Staw, B. M. (1976). Knee-Deep in the Big Muddy: A Study of Escalating Commitment to a Chosen Course of Action. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, s. 27-44.
  • Steinman, R. B., & Jacobs, E. (2015). Sunk Cost Effects on Consumer Choice. Business Management Dynamics, 4(11), 25-30.
  • Strough, J., Mehta, C. M., McFall, J. P., & Schuller, K. L. (2008). Are Older Adults Less Subject to the Sunk-Cost Fallacy Than Younger Adults? Psychological Science, 19(7), s. 650-654.
  • Strough, J., Schlosnagle, L., & DiDonato, L. (2011). Understanding Decisions About Sunk Costs From Older and Younger Adults' Perspectives. The Journal of Gerontolgy, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66(6), s. 681-686. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr057
  • Strough, J., Schlosnagle, L., Karns, T., Lemaster, P., & Pichatatothin, N. (2014). No Time to Waste: Restring Life-Span Temporal Horizons Decreases the Sunk-Cost Fallacy. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 27, s. 78-94.
  • Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1, 39-60.
  • Thames, E. A. (1996). The Sunk-Cost Effect: The Importance of Context. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11(4), s. 817-826.
  • Whyte, G. (1993). Escalating Commitment in Individual and Group Decision Making: A Prospect Theory Approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54, s. 430-455.
  • Zeng, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, C., Yu, R., & Gong, Q. (2013). An fMRI Study on Sunk Cost Effect. Brain Research(1519), s. 63-70. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.001
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gökben Bayramoğlu 0000-0002-6880-6903

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Bayramoğlu, G. (2020). Sunk Cost Effect: Being a Prisoner of Past Decisions. Econder Uluslararası Akademik Dergi, 4(1), 72-93. https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.671750

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