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Ekşi Hamur Fermentasyonu ile Üretilmiş Kek Hamurunun Laktik Asit Bakterileri Çeşitliliği

Year 2020, Issue: 19, 32 - 42, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.732009

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Tip I ekşi hamur ile üretilmiş kek hamurunun laktik asit bakteri (LAB) çeşitliliği belirlenmiş ve izole edilen LAB türlerinin teknolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 1:1 oranında un ve su karıştırılarak 25-27 °C’ de, %80-90 bağıl nemde 24 saat fermentasyona bırakılmıştır. Ekşi hamurun sahip olduğu özellikleri elde edebilmek için fermente hamur tekrar beslenerek fermentasyona bırakılmıştır. %10, %15 ve %20 oranlarında tip I ekşi hamur içeren 3 farklı kek formülasyonu oluşturulmuştur. Tip I ekşi hamur ve formülasyonda yer alan diğer bileşenler karıştırılarak elde edilen hamurlar 30-35°C’ de, %80-90 bağıl nemde 4-6 saat fermentasyona bırakılmıştır. Elde edilen kek hamurlarından 18 laktik asit bakterisi türü izole edilmiştir.16S Ribozomal RNA (rRNA) Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR-PCR) ile tür tanımlaması yapılmış ve Leuconostoc, Pediococcus ve Lactobacillus cinslerine ait türler tanımlanmıştır. Tanımlanan LAB türlerinin asit üretim yeteneği, farklı pH değerlerinde gelişme, farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarında gelişme ve Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus’a karşı antibakteriyel aktivitesi belirlenmiştir. İzole edilen LAB türlerinin 24 saat sonunda 0,459-1,089 g/100 mL; 48 saat sonunda 0,585-1,890 g/100 mL laktik asit ürettiği belirlenmiştir. Farklı pH değerlerinde gelişme yetenekleri incelenen LAB izolatlarının pH 2’de zayıf gelişme gösterdiği ve Pediococcus cinsi örneklerden bazılarının gelişme göstermediği; pH 9,6’da bir tane Pediococcus cinsi bakteri hariç diğer LAB türlerinin iyi gelişme gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. LAB izolatları %9 tuz konsantrasyonunda en zayıf gelişmeyi gösterirken; %6 tuz konsantrasyonunda en iyi gelişmeyi Pediococcus cinsi örnekler göstermiştir. LAB izolatları en çok Salmonella Typhimurium’a karşı antibakteriyel etki göstermiştir. En büyük zon çapı 9 mm ile Salmonella Typhimurium’a karşı oluşturulmuştur.

Supporting Institution

Şölen Çikolata Gıda San. ve Tic. A.Ş.

Project Number

3180282

Thanks

Bu çalışma Şölen Çikolata Gıda San. ve Tic. A.Ş.'nin TÜBİTAK TEYDEB tarafından desteklenen 3180282 nolu projesi kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir

References

  • Arslankoz, N. (2011). Ankara Çubuk yöresi turşularından izole edilen laktik asit bakterilerinin bazı teknolojik ve fonksiyonel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 71 sayfa.
  • Bocker, G., Stolz, P. & Hammes, W. P. (1995). Neue erkenntnisse zum okosystem sauerteig und zur physiologie des sauerteig-typischen stamme Lactobacillus sanfrancisco und Lactobacillus pontis. Getreide Mehl und Brot, 49, 370–74.
  • Bulut, Ç. (2003). Isolation and molecular characterization of lactic acid bacteria from cheese. İzmir Teknoloji Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 102 sayfa.
  • Chavan, R.S. & Chavan, S.R. (2011). “Sourdough technology-A traditional way for wholesome foods: A review”. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 10, 169–182.
  • Corsetti, A. & Settanni, L. (2007). Lactobacilli in sourdough fermentation. Food Research International, 40, 539-558.
  • Çağlıyan, B. İ. (2008). İzmir piyasasında satılan bazı ekmek çeşitlerinin nitelikleri ve yapım teknikleri. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi. 133 sayfa.
  • Decock, P. & Cappelle, S. (2005). Bread technology and sourdough technology. Trends in Food Science & Technology,16, 113-120.
  • Dertli, E., Mercan E., Arıcı, M., Yılmaz, M.T. & Sağdıç, O. (2016). Characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from Turkish sourdough and determination of their exopolysaccharide (EPS) production characteristics. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 71, 116-124.
  • De Vuyst, L., Schrijvers, V., Paramithiotis, S., Hoste, B., Vancanneyt, M., Swings, J., Kalantzopoulos, G., Tsakalidou, E. & Messens, W. (2002). The biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in Greek traditional wheat sourdoughs is reflected in both composition and metabolite formation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 6059–6069.
  • De Vuyst, L. & Neysens, P. (2005). The sourdough microflora: biodiversity and metabolic interactions. Trends Food Science Technology, 16, 43–56.
  • De Vuyst, L. & Vancanneyt, M. (2007). Biodiversity and identification of sourdough lactic acid bacteria, Food Microbiology, 24,120–127.
  • Elgün, A. & Ertugay, Z. (2002). Tahıl İşleme Teknolojisi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Erdoğrul, Ö.T., Çetin, Ö. & Ergün, Ö. (2002). Fermente sucuklardan izole edilen Pediococcus pentosaceus suşlarının bazı metabolik ve antimikrobiyel aktiviteleri üzerine çalışmalar. İ.Ü. Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 28, 249-254.
  • Foschino, R., Terranno, R., Mora, D. & Galli, A. (1999). Microbial characterization of sourdoughs for sweet baked products. Italian Journal of Food Science, 11, 19–28.
  • Galli, A. & Ottogalli, G. (1973). Aspetti della microflora degli impasti per panettone. Annali di Microbiologia e Enzimologia, 23, 39–49.
  • Galli A., Franzetti L. & Fortina M.G. (1988). Isolation and identification of sourdough microflora. Microbiologie–Aliments–Nutrition, 6, 345–351.
  • Garofalo, C., Silvestri, G., Aquilanti, L. & Clementi, F. (2008). PCR-DGGE analysis of lactic acid bacteria and yeast Dynamics during the production processes of three varieties of Panettone. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105, 243-254.
  • Gobbetti, M. (1998). The sourdough microflora: interactions of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 9, 267–274.
  • Hansen, A. & Schieberle, P. (2005). Generation of aroma compounds during sourdough fermentation: applied and fundamental aspects. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 16, 85–94.
  • Herreros, M.A., Fresno, J.M., González -Prieto, M.J. & Tornadijo, M.E. (2003). Technological characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Armada cheese (spanish goat's milk cheese). International Dairy Journal, 13, 469-479.
  • Istituto Nazionale di Sociologia Rurale (INSOR) (2000). Atlante dei prodotti tipici: il pane. In: F. Angeli (Ed.), Roma, Agra RAI-ERI.
  • Katina, K. (2005). Sourdough: A tool for the improved flavour, texture and shelf-life of wheat bread. VTT Publications 569.
  • Kazanskaya, L. N., Afanasyeva, O. V., & Patt, V. A. (1983). Microflora of rye sours and some specific features of its accumulation in bread baking plants of the USSR. In J. Holas, & F. Kratochvil, Developments in food science. Progress in cereal chemistry and technology, 5B ,759–763. London: Elsevier
  • Kıran, F. (2006). Hücre duvarı protein profilleri ve pilazmid içeriklerine göre laktik asit bakterilerinin moleküler tanısı. Ankara Üniveristesi Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 130 sayfa.
  • Kitahara, M., Sakata, S. & Benno, Y. (2005). Biodiversity of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis isolated from five sourdoughs. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 40, 353-357.
  • Liang, C. Sarabani, Z. & Berenjian, A. (2016). An overview on the health benefits and production of fermented functional foods. Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies (JAMSAT), 2 (2), 224-233.
  • Meroth, C. B., Walter, J., Hertel, C., Brandt, M. J. & Hammes, W. P. (2003). Monitoring the bacterial population dynamics in sourdough fermentation processes by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 475–482.
  • Minervini, F., De Angelis, M., Di Cagno R. & Gobbetti, M. (2014). Ecological parameters influencing microbial diversity and stability of traditional sourdough. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 171, 136–146.
  • Ottogalli, G., Galli, A. & Foschino, R. (1996). Italian bakery products obtained with sour dough: characterization of the typical microflora. Advances in Food Science, 18, 131–144.
  • Stolz, P. (2003). Biological fundamentals of yeast and Lactobacilli fermentation in bread dough. In: Handbook of Dough Fermentations, K. Kulp and K. Lorenz (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 23-43.
  • Tangüler, H. (2010). Şalgam suyu üretiminde etkili olan laktik asit bakterilerinin belirlenmesi ve şalgam suyu üretim tekniğinin geliştirilmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi. 367 sayfa.
  • Vancanneyt, M., Neysens, P., Dewachter, M., Engelbeen, K., Snauwaert, C., Cleenwerck, I., Van der Meulen, R., Hoste, B., Tsakalidou, E., De Vuyst, L. & Swings, J., (2005). Lactobacillus acidifarinae sp. nov. and Lactobacillus zymae sp. nov., from wheat sourdoughs. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55, 615–620.
  • Vernocchi, P., Valmorri, S., Gatto, V., Torriani, S., Gianotti, A., Suzzi, G., Guerzoni, M.E. & Gardini, F. (2004). A survey on yeast microbiota associated with an Italian traditional sweet-leavened baked good fermentation. Food Research International, 37, 469–476.

Biodiversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cake Dough Produced by Sourdough Fermentation

Year 2020, Issue: 19, 32 - 42, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.732009

Abstract

In this study, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) variety of cake dough produced with Type I sourdough was determined and the technological properties of the isolated LAB species were investigated. For this purpose, flour and water were mixed in a 1: 1 ratio and fermented at 25-27°C with 80-90% relative humidity for 24 hours. In order to obtain the properties of sourdough, the dough was fed again and left for fermentation. Three different cake formulations were prepared, containing 10%, 15% and 20% of type I sourdough. The dough obtained by mixing type I sourdough and the other ingredients in the formulation were left to fermentation at 30-35°C, 80-90% relative humidity for 4-6 hours. 18 lactic acid bacteria types are isolated from the cake doughs. Species identification was made with 16S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Bacillus and Lactobacillus strains were identified. Acid production ability of LAB species, development at different pH values, development at different salt concentrations and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus were determined. It was determined that the isolated LAB species produced 0.459-1.089 g/100 mL and 0.585-1.890 g/100 mL lactic acid after 48 hours. It was determined that LAB isolates, whose growth abilities at different pH values were examined, grew poorly at pH 2 and some of the Pediococcus species did not grow. It was determined that other LAB species showed good growth except for one Pediococcus isolate at pH 9.6. LAB isolates showed the least growth at 9% salt concentration. Samples of the genus Pediococcus showed the best growth at a 6% salt concentration. The greatest antibacterial activity of the LAB isolates were determined to be on Salmonella Typhimurium. The largest zone diameter of 9 mm was created against Salmonella Typhimurium.

Project Number

3180282

References

  • Arslankoz, N. (2011). Ankara Çubuk yöresi turşularından izole edilen laktik asit bakterilerinin bazı teknolojik ve fonksiyonel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 71 sayfa.
  • Bocker, G., Stolz, P. & Hammes, W. P. (1995). Neue erkenntnisse zum okosystem sauerteig und zur physiologie des sauerteig-typischen stamme Lactobacillus sanfrancisco und Lactobacillus pontis. Getreide Mehl und Brot, 49, 370–74.
  • Bulut, Ç. (2003). Isolation and molecular characterization of lactic acid bacteria from cheese. İzmir Teknoloji Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 102 sayfa.
  • Chavan, R.S. & Chavan, S.R. (2011). “Sourdough technology-A traditional way for wholesome foods: A review”. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 10, 169–182.
  • Corsetti, A. & Settanni, L. (2007). Lactobacilli in sourdough fermentation. Food Research International, 40, 539-558.
  • Çağlıyan, B. İ. (2008). İzmir piyasasında satılan bazı ekmek çeşitlerinin nitelikleri ve yapım teknikleri. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi. 133 sayfa.
  • Decock, P. & Cappelle, S. (2005). Bread technology and sourdough technology. Trends in Food Science & Technology,16, 113-120.
  • Dertli, E., Mercan E., Arıcı, M., Yılmaz, M.T. & Sağdıç, O. (2016). Characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from Turkish sourdough and determination of their exopolysaccharide (EPS) production characteristics. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 71, 116-124.
  • De Vuyst, L., Schrijvers, V., Paramithiotis, S., Hoste, B., Vancanneyt, M., Swings, J., Kalantzopoulos, G., Tsakalidou, E. & Messens, W. (2002). The biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in Greek traditional wheat sourdoughs is reflected in both composition and metabolite formation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 6059–6069.
  • De Vuyst, L. & Neysens, P. (2005). The sourdough microflora: biodiversity and metabolic interactions. Trends Food Science Technology, 16, 43–56.
  • De Vuyst, L. & Vancanneyt, M. (2007). Biodiversity and identification of sourdough lactic acid bacteria, Food Microbiology, 24,120–127.
  • Elgün, A. & Ertugay, Z. (2002). Tahıl İşleme Teknolojisi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Erdoğrul, Ö.T., Çetin, Ö. & Ergün, Ö. (2002). Fermente sucuklardan izole edilen Pediococcus pentosaceus suşlarının bazı metabolik ve antimikrobiyel aktiviteleri üzerine çalışmalar. İ.Ü. Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 28, 249-254.
  • Foschino, R., Terranno, R., Mora, D. & Galli, A. (1999). Microbial characterization of sourdoughs for sweet baked products. Italian Journal of Food Science, 11, 19–28.
  • Galli, A. & Ottogalli, G. (1973). Aspetti della microflora degli impasti per panettone. Annali di Microbiologia e Enzimologia, 23, 39–49.
  • Galli A., Franzetti L. & Fortina M.G. (1988). Isolation and identification of sourdough microflora. Microbiologie–Aliments–Nutrition, 6, 345–351.
  • Garofalo, C., Silvestri, G., Aquilanti, L. & Clementi, F. (2008). PCR-DGGE analysis of lactic acid bacteria and yeast Dynamics during the production processes of three varieties of Panettone. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105, 243-254.
  • Gobbetti, M. (1998). The sourdough microflora: interactions of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 9, 267–274.
  • Hansen, A. & Schieberle, P. (2005). Generation of aroma compounds during sourdough fermentation: applied and fundamental aspects. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 16, 85–94.
  • Herreros, M.A., Fresno, J.M., González -Prieto, M.J. & Tornadijo, M.E. (2003). Technological characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Armada cheese (spanish goat's milk cheese). International Dairy Journal, 13, 469-479.
  • Istituto Nazionale di Sociologia Rurale (INSOR) (2000). Atlante dei prodotti tipici: il pane. In: F. Angeli (Ed.), Roma, Agra RAI-ERI.
  • Katina, K. (2005). Sourdough: A tool for the improved flavour, texture and shelf-life of wheat bread. VTT Publications 569.
  • Kazanskaya, L. N., Afanasyeva, O. V., & Patt, V. A. (1983). Microflora of rye sours and some specific features of its accumulation in bread baking plants of the USSR. In J. Holas, & F. Kratochvil, Developments in food science. Progress in cereal chemistry and technology, 5B ,759–763. London: Elsevier
  • Kıran, F. (2006). Hücre duvarı protein profilleri ve pilazmid içeriklerine göre laktik asit bakterilerinin moleküler tanısı. Ankara Üniveristesi Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 130 sayfa.
  • Kitahara, M., Sakata, S. & Benno, Y. (2005). Biodiversity of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis isolated from five sourdoughs. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 40, 353-357.
  • Liang, C. Sarabani, Z. & Berenjian, A. (2016). An overview on the health benefits and production of fermented functional foods. Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies (JAMSAT), 2 (2), 224-233.
  • Meroth, C. B., Walter, J., Hertel, C., Brandt, M. J. & Hammes, W. P. (2003). Monitoring the bacterial population dynamics in sourdough fermentation processes by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 475–482.
  • Minervini, F., De Angelis, M., Di Cagno R. & Gobbetti, M. (2014). Ecological parameters influencing microbial diversity and stability of traditional sourdough. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 171, 136–146.
  • Ottogalli, G., Galli, A. & Foschino, R. (1996). Italian bakery products obtained with sour dough: characterization of the typical microflora. Advances in Food Science, 18, 131–144.
  • Stolz, P. (2003). Biological fundamentals of yeast and Lactobacilli fermentation in bread dough. In: Handbook of Dough Fermentations, K. Kulp and K. Lorenz (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 23-43.
  • Tangüler, H. (2010). Şalgam suyu üretiminde etkili olan laktik asit bakterilerinin belirlenmesi ve şalgam suyu üretim tekniğinin geliştirilmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi. 367 sayfa.
  • Vancanneyt, M., Neysens, P., Dewachter, M., Engelbeen, K., Snauwaert, C., Cleenwerck, I., Van der Meulen, R., Hoste, B., Tsakalidou, E., De Vuyst, L. & Swings, J., (2005). Lactobacillus acidifarinae sp. nov. and Lactobacillus zymae sp. nov., from wheat sourdoughs. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55, 615–620.
  • Vernocchi, P., Valmorri, S., Gatto, V., Torriani, S., Gianotti, A., Suzzi, G., Guerzoni, M.E. & Gardini, F. (2004). A survey on yeast microbiota associated with an Italian traditional sweet-leavened baked good fermentation. Food Research International, 37, 469–476.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Kahraman 0000-0002-3699-4524

Muhammet Arıcı 0000-0003-4126-200X

Project Number 3180282
Publication Date August 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Kahraman, M., & Arıcı, M. (2020). Ekşi Hamur Fermentasyonu ile Üretilmiş Kek Hamurunun Laktik Asit Bakterileri Çeşitliliği. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(19), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.732009