AS ASSESSMENT ON THE LOCAL AND NATIONAL DISCOURSE IN TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 135 - 163, 30.10.2024

Ahmet Efe

https://doi.org/10.53662/esamdergisi.1296384

Abstract

In the context of global capitalism, protectionism, and liberalism, the evaluation of technological solutions through the lens of a “local and national” rhetoric has become central to contemporary industrial and economic policies. The ascending emphasis on “local and national” has evolved into a slogan that both promotes intrinsic values and serves as a marketing strategy. However, this raises critical considerations, particularly in terms of how the acquisition of a company by foreign capital interacts with national security concerns. Here it is argued that within the confines of a liberal economy, there’s a pressing need for a thorough examination of the feasibility and legitimacy of halting a company’s acquisition of national assets. In this context, the study investigates whether the transition of a company, defined and supported as “local and national” with public resources, to foreign capital constitutes a waste of these resources. Additionally, in an environment where competition is high and substitution costs are low, the criteria by which an acquisition can be halted for national security reasons have been identified. In conclusion, the risks and benefits of the “local and national” approach have been meticulously analysed, and in light of these analyses, effective strategies and policy recommendations suitable for implementation in Türkiye have been presented.

Keywords

Domestic Production, National Industry, Open Economy, Economic Regulations, Productivity capacity.

TEKNOLOJİK ÇÖZÜMLERİN YERLİ VE MİLLİ SÖYLEMİ ÜZERİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Global kapitalizm, korumacılık ve liberalizm bağlamında teknolojik çözümlerin “yerli ve millî” söylemi çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi, modern sanayi ve ekonomi politikalarının merkezine yerleşmiştir. Yükselen “yerli ve millî” vurgusu, hem otantik bir değer teşvik eden hem de pazarlama stratejileri olarak kullanılan bir slogana dönüşmüştür. Ancak bu durum, bir firmanın yabancı sermaye tarafından alınmasının ulusal güvenlikle nasıl etkileşimde bulunduğu gibi önemli konularda ciddi değerlendirmeleri gündeme getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada liberal ekonominin sınırları içinde, bir şirketin satın alınmasını durdurmanın pratikliği ve meşruiyeti üzerine derinlemesine bir inceleme yapılması gerektiği iddia edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada yerli ve millî olarak tanımlanan ve kamu kaynaklarıyla desteklenen bir firmanın yabancı sermayeye geçişinin kaynak israfına yol açıp açmadığı mercek altına alınmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, rekabetin yüksek ve değişim maliyetlerinin düşük olduğu bir ortamda, bir firmanın alımının ulusal güvenlik nedeniyle nasıl engellenebileceği tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, “yerli ve millî” yaklaşımın riskleri ve avantajları detaylı olarak analiz edilmiş, bu analizler ışığında Türkiye'de uygulanabilecek etkili stratejiler ve politika önerileri sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Yerli Üretim, Milli Endüstri, Açık Ekonomi, Ekonomik Düzenlemeler, Üretkenlik kapasitesi

References

• ABD Savunma Bakanlığı (2008). 2008 Annual Report to Congress: Military Power of the People’s Republic of China. ACTI (2009). Policies for Clean Technology Innovation and Dissemination, Alliance for Clean Technology Innovation.
• Amsden, A. H. (1989). Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Ang, J. B. (2009). C02 emissions, research and technology transfer in China. Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2658-2665.
• Arezki, Y. (2020). France Could Block Foreign Takeovers Including Photonis, LeMaire Says. MLEX.
• Brown, A. L., & Johnson, M. D. (2019). Financing and Support Mechanisms for Emerging Industries. Economic Policy Review, 21(3), 56-71.
• Baldwin, R., & Martin, P. (2004). Agglomeration and regional growth. In J. V. Henderson & J. F. Thisse (Eds.), Handbook of regional and urban economics (Vol. 4, pp. 2671-2711). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
• Cardoso, F. H., & Faletto, E. (1979). Dependency and Development in Latin America. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
• Chang, H. J. (2003). Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem Press.
• Chazan, G., & Brunsden, J. (2020). Coronavirus Crisis Pushes Europe Into Nationalist Economic Turn. FT. 11 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://www.ft.com/content/79c0ae80-6df1-11ea-89df-41bea055720b adresinden erişildi.
• Clark, S., & Dummet, B. (2020). Coronavirus Accelerates European Efforts To Block Foreign Takeovers. Wall Street Journal. 11 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://www.wsj.com/articles/coronavirus-accelerates-european-efforts-to-block-foreign-takeovers-11586516403 adresinden erişildi.
• Demir, H. (2020). Teknolojik bağımsızlık ve yerli üretim. Ankara: Teknoloji Yayınları.
• Espinoza, J. (2020). Vestager Urges Stakebuilding To Block UK Takeovers. FT. 11 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://www.ft.com/content/e14f24c7-e47a-4c22-8cf3-f629da62b0a7 adresinden erişildi.
• Medeiros, E. S., Cliff, R., Crane, K., & Mulvenon, J. C. (2005). A New Direction for China’s Defense Industry. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.
• FDI. (2020). Guidance to the member states concerning foreign direct investment and free movement of capital from third countries as well as the protection of Europe's strategic assets, ahead of the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/452 (FDI Screening Regulation) C(2020), 1981 final.
• Forsyth, T. (2005). Enhancing climate technology transfer through greater public-private cooperation: lessons from Thailand and the Philippines. Natural Resources Forum, 29(2), 165-176.
• Gboney, W. (2009). Policy and regulatory framework for renewable energy and energy efficiency development in Ghana. Climate Policy, 9(5), 508-516.
• Grant, K. (2009). Concentrated solar power in South Africa. Climate Policy, 9(5), 544-552.
• Hansen, U. E. (2008). Technology and knowledge transfer from Annex I countries to Non-Annex I countries under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) - an empirical case study of CDM projects implemented in Malaysia (Master’s thesis). Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.
• Hayek, F. A. (1944). The Road to Serfdom. London and New York: Routledge.
• IHA. (2018). CHP’in kapattığı uçak fabrikası. 18 Mart 2018 tarihinde https://www.iha.com.tr/istanbul-haberleri/chpin-kapattigi-ucak-fabrikasi-1958469/ adresinden erişildi.
• Karagöz, A., & Aydın, M. (2019). Savunma sanayinde yerli teknoloji geliştirme çabaları. Savunma Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(1), 45-60.
• Keynes, J. M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. London: Macmillan and Co.
• Koç, R., & Yılmaz, T. (2020). Yerli teknolojik çözümlerin kalitesi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Teknoloji Eleştirisi Dergisi, 10(3), 111-125.
• Lee, S. H., & Kim, D. Y. (2017). Enhancing Competitiveness through Regulatory Frameworks in Infant Industries. Journal of Industrial Economics, 33(4), 431-448.
• Lewis, J. (2007). Technology acquisition and innovation in the developing world: wind turbine development in China and India. Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID), 42(3), 208-232.
• Lewis, J. A. (2005). New Objectives for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership, Critical Infrastructure, and Communications Interception. Federal Communications Law Journal, 57(3), 457-478.
• Mazumdaru, S. (2020, April 7). Coronavirus: EU fears arise in hostile takeovers. DW. 9 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://learngerman.dw.com/en/coronavirus-eu-fears-a-rise-in-hostile-takeovers/a-53047538 adresinden erişildi.
• Musgrave, R. A., & Musgrave, P. B. (1989). Public finance in theory and practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Nienaber, M. (2020, March 23). Germany launches 750 billion euro package to fight coronavirus. Reuters. 10 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://www.reuters.com/article/business/germany-launches-750-billion-euro-package-to-fight-coronavirus-idUSKBN21A2XQ/ adresinden erişildi.
• Ockwell, D. G., Watson, J., MacKerron, C., Pal, P., & Yamin, F. (2008). Key policy considerations for facilitating low carbon technology transfer to developing countries. Energy Policy, 36(11), 4104-4115.
• OECD. (2020). Acquisition- and ownership-related policies to safeguard essential security interests. Research note by the OECD Secretariat. 15 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://www.oecd.org/investment/OECD-Acquisition-ownership-policies-security-May2020.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Peterson, S. (2008). Greenhouse gas mitigation in developing countries through technology transfer? A survey of empirical evidence. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 13(3), 283-305.
• Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Harvard Business Review, March-April, 73-91.
• Prebisch, R. (1950). The Economic Development of Latin America and Its Principal Problems. New York: United Nations Publication.
• Ribeiro, S. K., & De Abreu, A. A. (2008). Brazilian transport initiatives with GHG reductions co-benefit. Climate Policy, 8(2), 220-240.
• Ricardo, D. (1817). Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John Murray, Albemarle-Street.
• Schneider, M., Holzer, A., & Hoffman, V. H. (2008). Understanding the CDM's contribution to technology transfer. Energy Policy, 36(8), 2930-2938.
• Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York and London: Harper & Brothers Publishers.
• Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. London: W. Strahan, and T. Cadell.
• Smith, J. K. (2020). The Impact of Conservative Policies on Newborn Industries. Journal of Economic Growth, 25(2), 135-152.
• SRL. (2020). Spanish Royal Decree-Law 08/2020 published 18 March 2020. 15 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://www.garrigues.com/en_GB/new/spain-royal-decree-law-82020-march-17-2020-launches-urgent-and-extraordinary-measures-confront adresinden erişildi.
• Stigler, G. J. (1971). The Theory of Economic Regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(1), 3-21.
• Turan, S., & Kaya, İ. (2021). Yerli teknolojinin ekonomik faydaları. Ekonomi ve İnovasyon Dergisi, 14(2), 77-89.
• Turner, E. L., & White, S. M. (2016). Building a Skilled Workforce in Emerging Industries. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 27(1), 68-84.
• UNCTAD. (2010). World Investment Report 2010: Investing in a Low-Carbon Economy. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
• UNDP. (2009). Handbook for Conducting Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change. New York, NY: UNDP.
• UNFCCC. (2009a). Recommendations on Future Financing Options for Enhancing the Development, Deployment, Diffusion and Transfer of Technologies under the Convention. Subsidiary Body for Science and Technological Advice, Bonn: UNFCCC Secretariat.
• UNFCCC. (2009b). Performance indicators to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the technology transfer framework. Bonn: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat.
• UNFCCC. (2009c). Strategy paper for the long-term perspective beyond 2012, including sectoral approaches, to facilitate the development, deployment, diffusion and transfer of technologies under the Convention. Bonn: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat.
• UNFCCC. (2010a). Report on the Review and Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Implementation of Article 4, Paragraphs 1 (C) and 5 of the Convention. Subsidiary Body for Implementation FCCC/SBI/2010/INF.4, Bonn: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat.
• UNFCCC. (2010b). Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009. Bonn: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat.
• Vestager, M. (2020, March 2). Keeping the EU competitive in a green and digital world. 11 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/comp/items/670949 adresinden erişildi.
• Wang, B. (2009). Can the CDM Bring Technology Transfer to Developing Countries? An Empirical Study of Technology Transfer in China's CDM Projects. Working Paper No. 002, The Governance of Clean Development, University of East Anglia.
• WBCSD. (2010). Private Sector and the UNFCCC: Options for Institutional Engagement. Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
• WBCSD. (2010). Enabling Frameworks for Technology Diffusion: A Business Perspective. Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
• Wilson, R. C. (2018). Fostering Innovation and Technology Transfer in Emerging Industries. Research Policy, 47(9), 1891-1905.
• World Bank. (2008). Global Economic Prospects 2008: Technology Diffusion in the Developing World. Washington DC: The World Bank.
• World Bank. (2009). World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change. Washington DC: The World Bank.
• WRI. (2009). Summary of UNFCCC Submissions. 10 Nisan 2024 tarihinde http://pdf.wri.org/working_papers/unfccc_submissions_summary_2009-09-18.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Yin, Z., & Ding, R. J. (2009). Heterogeneous human capital, FDI spillover and energy efficiency in China. In F.G. Duserick (Ed.), Eighth Wuhan International Conference on E-Business (pp. 1654–1660), New York: Alfred University Press.