NEW WINE IN OLD BOTTLES: ARTS-BASED METHODS IN LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 1444 - 1467, 27.12.2023

Elif Bilginoğlu

https://doi.org/10.55666/folklor.1364595

Abstract

Considering the striking changes in society, economy, and technology, 21st century organizations need to resort to new, more spontaneous, and more innovative management styles as well as new educational programs, in other words, pour “new wine in old bottles”.** This study provides a conceptual framework for leadership development programs that incorporate arts and artistic methods in their curricula through a literature analysis to better understand the role of arts education in influencing leader behavior and leadership development. The paper provides a summary of the results of previous research on arts-based leadership and proposes a conceptualization of arts-based leadership for use in leadership development in contemporary organizations. Arts-based initiatives guide leaders in creating memorable experiences during leadership development. The study highlights the significant potential for artistic initiatives in organizations in relation to the managerial experience of leaders and suggests that the implementation of these initiatives as a leadership development tool in organizations can support a variety of leadership development goals. Hence, the need for further research on arts-based leadership is emphasized and it is hoped that this study will encourage researchers to conduct research on arts-based practices.

Keywords

art, leadership, arts-based leadership, arts-based initiatives, arts-based leadership development

ESKİ KÖYE YENİ ADET: LİDERLİK GELİŞİMİNDE SANAT TEMELLİ YÖNTEMLER

Abstract

Toplumda, ekonomide ve teknolojide meydana gelen çarpıcı değişiklikler göz önüne alındığında, 21. yüzyıl örgütlerinin yeni eğitim programları yanı sıra yeni, daha spontane ve daha yenilikçi yönetim biçimlerine başvurmaları yani bir anlamda “eski köye yeni adet getirme”leri* gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, sanat eğitiminin lider davranışını ve liderlik gelişimini etkilemedeki rolünün daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi konusunda yapılan literatür analizi ile müfredatlarında sanat ve sanatsal yöntemleri uygulayan liderlik gelişim programlarına dair kavramsal bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, sanat temelli liderlik üzerine daha önce yapılmış olan araştırmaların sonuçları hakkında bir özet sunulmakta, bununla birlikte sanat temelli liderliğin günümüz örgütlerinde liderlik gelişiminde kullanılmak üzere kavramsallaştırılması önerilmektedir. Sanat temelli girişimler, liderlere liderlik gelişimi sırasında unutulmaz deneyimler yaratmada rehberlik etmektedirler. Çalışmada örgütlerdeki sanatsal girişimler konusunda liderlerin yönetimsel deneyimleriyle ilgili önemli potansiyeller vurgulanmakta ve bu girişimlerin örgütlerde bir liderlik gelişimi aracı olarak uygulanmasının çeşitli liderlik gelişim hedeflerini destekleyebileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Buradan yola çıkılarak sanat temelli liderlik üzerine daha fazla araştırma yapılmasının gerekliliğinin altı çizilmekte ve bu çalışmanın sanat temelli uygulamalar konusunda çalışmalar yapmak üzere araştırmacıları teşvik edeceği ümit edilmektedir.

Keywords

sanat, liderlik, sanat temelli liderlik, sanat temelli girişimler, sanat temelli liderlik eğitimi

References

• ADHIATMA, A., Rahayu, T., Fachrunnisa, O. (2019). Gamified Training: A New Concept to Improve Individual Soft Skills, Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, C. 23, S. 2, 127-141.
• ADLER, N.J. (2006). The Arts & Leadership: Now That We Can Do Anything, What Will We Do? Academy of Management Learning & Education, C. 5, S. 4, 486–499.
• ADLER, N.J. (2015). Finding Beauty in a Fractured World: Art Inspires Leaders – Leaders Change the World, Academy of Management Review, C. 40, S. 3, 480-494.
• ADLER, N.J., Delbecq, A.L. (2018). Twenty-First Century Leadership: A Return to Beauty. Journal of Management Inquiry, C. 27, S. 2, 119–137.
• AL-HATTAMİ, A.A., Muammar vd. (2013). The Need for Professional Training Programmes to Improve Faculty Members Teaching Skills. European Journal of Research on Education, C. 1, S. 2, 39–45.
• AN, D.ve YOUN, N. (2018). The Inspirational Power of Arts on Creativity, Journal of Business Research, C. 85, 467-475 . ANDERSON, M. (2005). The Quality Instinct: How an Eye for Art can Save Your Business, Journal of Business Strategy, C. 26, S. 5, 29-32.
• ANDERSON, J., Reckhenrich vd. (2011). The Fine Art of Success: How Learning Great Art can Create Great Business. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
• ANTONACOPOULOU, E. ve BENTO, R.F. (2018). From Laurels to Learners: Leadership with Virtue, Journal of Management Development, C. 37, S. 8, 624-633.
• ARDICHVILI, A. ve MANDERSCHEID, S.V. (2008). Emerging Practices in Leadership Development: An Introduction, Advances in Developing Human Resources, C. 10, S. 5, 619–631.
• AUSTIN, D. ve FORINASH, M. (2005). Arts-based Inquiry. B. Wheeler (Ed.), Music Therapy Research (2nd Ed.) içinde (458–471). Gilsum, NH: Barcelona.
• BAMBERGER, P.A.ve PRATT, M.G. (2010). From the Editors: Moving Forward by Looking Back: Reclaiming Unconventional Research Contexts and Samples in Organizational Scholarship, Academy of Management Journal, C. 53, S. 4, 665-671.
• BARRY, D. (2008). The Art of... D Barry & H. Hansen (Ed.), The Sage Handbook of New Approaches to Organization Studies içinde (31-41). London: Sage Publications.
• BARRY, D. ve MEISIEK, S. (2010). Sensemaking, Mindfulness and the Workarts: Seeing More and Seeing Differently, Organization Studies, C. 31, 1505–1530.
• BARRY, D. ve MEISIEK, S. (2015). Discovering the Business Studio, Journal of Management Education, C. 39, S. 1, 153-175. BATHURST, R., Jackson vd. (2010). Leading Aesthetically in Uncertain Times, Leadership, C. 6, S. 3, 311–330.
• BERTHOIN ANTAL, A. (2014). When Arts Enter Organizational Spaces: Implications for Organizational Learning, Berthoin Antal, Ariane Meusburger Peter Suarsana, Laura (Ed.), Learning Organizations: Extending the Field içinde (177-201). Dordrecht: Springer Verlag,
• BERTHOIN ANTAL, A., Debucquet vd. (2019). When Top Management Leadership Matters: Insights From Artistic Interventions. Journal of Management Inquiry, C. 28, S. 4, 441-457.
• BERTHOIN ANTAL, A., Gómez de la Iglesia vd. (2011). Managing Artistic Interventions in Organisations. A Comparative Study of Programmes in Europe (2nd Updated and Expanded Edition). Gothenburg, Sweden: TILLT Europe.
• BERTHOIN ANTAL, A. ve STRAUß, A. (2013). Artistic Interventions in Organisations: Finding Evidence of Values-Added. Creative Clash Report. Berlin: WZB.
• BERTHOIN ANTAL, A., Woodilla vd. (2016). Artistic Interventions in Organizations: Introduction. U. Johansson Sköldberg, J. Woodilla & A. Berthoin Antal (Ed.), Artistic Interventions in Organizations: Research, Theory and Practice içinde (3-17) New York, NY: Routledge.
• BIEHL-MISSAL, B. (2011). Wirtschaftsästhetik. Wie Unternehmen Kunst als Instrument und Inspiration nutzen. Wiesbaden: Gabler.
• BIRCH, P. (2014). Forum Conversations: An Organizational Theatre Method for Improving Managers’ Interpersonal Communication. Manchester Business School, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.
• BISHOP, K. ve ETMANSKI, C. (2021). Down the Rabbit Hole: Creating a Transformative Learning Environment, Studies in the Education of Adults, C. 52, S. 2, 133-145.
• BOĞAZİÇİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ YAŞAMBOYU EĞİTİM MERKEZİ (2022). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yaşamboyu Eğitim Merkezi web sayfasından erişildi: Sanatla Yaratıcı Liderlik İletişimi. https://buyem.boun.edu.tr/egitim/sanatla-yaratici-liderlik-iletisimi.html (Erişim: 28.02.2022)
• BOLMAN, L.G. ve DEAL, T.E. (2008). Organizasyonları Yeniden Yapılandırmak: Yetenek, Tercih ve Liderlik. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• BOLTANSKI, L. ve THÉVENOT, L. (2006). On Justification. Economies of Worth. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• BRATIANU, C. ve VASILACHE, S. (2010). A Factorial Analysis of the Managerial Linear Thinking Model, International Journal of Innovation and Learning, C. 8, S. 4, 393–407.
• BRAUND, M. ve REISS, M.J. (2019). The ‘Great Divide’: How the Arts Contribute to Science and Science Education. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 19, 219–236 (2019).
• BUYURGAN, S. ve BUYURGAN, U. (2012). Sanat Eğitimi ve Öğretimi. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
• CACCIATORE, S. ve PANOZZO, F. (2021). Models for Art & Business Cooperation, Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy, 7(2), 169-198.
• CAHNMANN-TAYLOR, M. (2008). Arts-based Research: Histories and New Directions. M. Cahnmann-Taylor & R. Siegesmund (Ed.), Arts-based Research in Education: Foundations for Practice içinde (3–15). London: Routledge.
• CARLUCCI, D. ve SCHIUMA, G. (2018). An Introduction to the Special Issue “The Arts as Sources of Value Creation for T business: Theory, Research, and Practice”, Journal of Business Research, 85, 337–341.
• CARPENTER, B.S. (2014). Leading through Giving and Collaborating: Considerations for Socially Engaged Arts-based Practice and Collaborative Leadership, Visual Inquiry: Learning & Teaching Art, 3(3), 307-320.
• CAULFIELD, J.L., Lee vd. (2021). Leadership as an Art: An Enduring Concept Framed within Contemporary Leadership, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, C. 42, S. 5, 735-747.
• COWAN, D.A. (2007). Artistic Undertones of Humanistic Leadership Education, Journal of Management Education, 31(2), 156–180.
• CUNLIFFE A.L. (2002). Reflexive Dialogical Practice in Management Learning, Management Learning, C. 33, S. 1, 35-61.
• ÇAKIR İLHAN, A. (1995). Üniversitelerde Sanat Eğitiminin Gerekliliği, Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, A.Ü. Basımevi, 1, 174-183. Ankara.
• DAKDUK, S., Malavé vd. (2016). Admission Criteria for MBA Programs: A Review, SAGE Open, C. 6, S. 4.
• DARSØ, L. (2004). Artful Creation: Learning-Tales of Arts in Business. Frederiksberg, Denmark: Samfundslitteratur.
• DAVIS, S. ve MCINTOSH, D. (2005). The Art of Business: Making All Your Work a Work of Art. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
• DE PREE, M. (2004). Leadership is an Art. New York: Doubleday.
• DERVİŞOĞLU, H.G. (2008). İşletmelerde Sanatın Rolü ve Yönetimin Bir Stratejik İletişim Aracı Olarak Sanata Bakışı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü: Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
• DUVAL, S. (2019). Identity, Rhetoric, and Method in the Collaborations of Experiments in Art and Technology, the Artist Placement Group, and the Art and Technology Program at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. D. Cateforis, S. Duval, S. Steiner (Ed.), Hybrid Practices: Art in Collaboration with Science and Technology in the Long 1960s içinde (45-59). Oakland, California: The University of California Press.
• DÜSTERBECK, L (2006). Vorhang auf! Bühne frei! Das Zusammenspiel von Beratung, Führung und Theater. K. Götz (Ed.), Führung und Kunst içinde (155-173). München: Rainer Hampp Verlag.
• EISNER, E.W. (2004). What can Education Learn from the Arts about the Practice of Education? International Journal of Education & the Arts, C. 5, S. 4, 1–12.
• EMERY, L. (1989). Believing in Artistic Making and Thinking, Studies in Art Education, C. 30, S. 4, 237–248.
• ERİNÇ, M.S. (1985). Yaşamı Güdüleyici Bir Etken. Estetik Kaygı, Sanat Yazıları I, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Yayınları, 45-50.
• ESSLINGER, H. (2009). A Fine Line: How Design Strategies are Shaping the Future of Business. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
• FAIX, W.G., Windisch vd. (2020). A New Model for State‐Of‐The‐Art Leadership Education with Performance as a Driving Factor for Future Viability, Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, C. 2, 59–74.
• FERREIRA, F.A.F. (2018). Mapping the Field of Arts-based Management: Bibliographic Coupling and Co-Citation Analyses, Journal of Business Research, C. 85, 348-357.
• FINE, M. ve DESMOND, L. (2015). Inquiry-based Learning: Preparing Young Learners for the Demands of the 21st Century, Educator’s Voice, C. 7, 2-11.
• GANJOO, C. (2019, April 01). Leadership Decoded, Leaders Pave the Way to Excellence. Entrepreneur India web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/growth-strategies/heres-why-leadership-is-an-art-of-influencing-people-to/331577 (Erişim: 15.01.2023)
• GAYÁ WICKS, P. ve RIPPIN, A. (2010). Art as Experience: An Inquiry into Art and Leadership using Dolls and Doll-making, Leadership, C. 6, S. 3, 259–278.
• GAZİANTEP ÜNİVERSİTESİ HABER MERKEZİ (2019, 9 Ocak). GAÜN’de Bir İlk Daha “Sanat Temelli Liderlik Eğitimi”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Haber Merkezi web sayfasından erişildi. http://habermerkezi.gantep.edu.tr/?p=50878 (Erişim: 28.02.2022)
• GENÇAYDIN, Z. (1990). Sanat Eğitiminin Düşünsel Temelleri Ortaöğretim Kurumlarında Resim-İş Öğretimi ve Sorunları. Ankara: Şafak Matbaacılık.
• GILSON, L.L. ve SHALLEY, E.C. (2004). A Little Creativity Goes A Long Way: An Examination of Teams’ Engagement in Creative Processes, Journal of Management, C. 30, S. 4, 453-470.
• GOLDMAN, K.H., Yalowitz vd. (2016, August 3). The Impact of Arts-based Innovation Training on the Creative Thinking Skills, Collaborative Behaviors and Innovation Outcomes of Adolescents and Adults. The Art of Science Learning web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.artofsciencelearning.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/AoSL-Research-Report-The-Impact-of-Arts-Based-Innovation-Training-release-copy.pdf (Erişim: 14.04.2023)
• GOODSON, S. (2020, September 25). Movement Thinking: New Leadership Inspired by Art Movements: How Businesses can Borrow from Cultural Movements to Grow and Transform Companies. Inc. web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.inc.com/scott-goodson/movement-thinking-new-leadership-inspired-by-art-movements.html (Erişim: 15.01.2023)
• GÖTZ, K. (2006). Führung und Kunst (Managementkonzepte, 33). München: Hampp. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-322140
• HALPERN, B.L. ve LUBAR, K. (2003). Leadership Presence: Dramatic Techniques to Reach Out, Motivate, and Inspire. New York: Penguin Group.
• HARMON, W. (2017, July 20). How Art Teachers are Helping Build the Next Generation of Leaders. The Art of Education University web sayfasından erişildi: https://theartofeducation.edu/2017/07/july-fostering-leadership-students-art/ (Erişim: 14.04.2023)
• HERLES, D. (2006). Die Kunst als Schule für Führungspersönlichkeiten – Fünf Anmerkungen zum Bildungswert der Bildenden Kunst. K. Götz (Ed.), Führung und Kunst içinde (215-227). München: Rainer Hampp Verlag.
• HOLTHAM, C. ve BIAGIOLI, M. (2021). Innovating through Hybridisation: Art-based Pedagogy in Leadership Development, International Journal of Art & Design Education, C. 40, S. 4, 748-760.
• IBM GLOBAL BUSINESS SERVICES (2010). Capitalizing on Complexity Insights from the Global Chief Executive Officer Study. IBM web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/1VZV5X8J (Erişim: 15.01.2022)
• INDEED EDITORIAL TEAM (2022, August 08). What Is the Importance of Leadership? Indeed web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/importance-of-leadership (Erişim: 19.11.2022)
• İĞCİ SALTIK, B. ve YILMAZ, M. (2019). Şirketlerin Sanata Etkileri, İdil, C. 56, 515-524.
• IPPOLITO, L.M. ve ADLER, N.J. (2018). Shifting Metaphors, Shifting Mindsets: Using Music to Change the Key of Conflict, Journal of Business Research, C. 85, 358-364.
• İSTANBUL KÜLTÜR SANAT VAKFI (2014). Türkiye’de Sanat Eğitimini (Yeniden) Düşünmek. İstanbul Kültür Sanat Vakfı web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.iksv.org/i/content/230_1_SanatEgitimi_2014.pdf (Erişim: 19.11.2021) JACOBSON, M. (1993). Art for Work: The New Renaissance in Corporate Collecting. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
• JAGIELLO, J. (2015). A Case Study: Art-based Interventions into Management Education. 4th Participatory Innovation Conference, 18-20 May 2015, The Hague University of Applied Sciences.
• JEPSEN, S. ve RECKHENRICH, J. (2006). Kreativität als Kapital: Künstlerische Interventionen in der Organisationsentwicklung. Zwei Beispiele aus der Praxis. K. Götz (Ed.), Führung und Kunst içinde (175-187). München: Rainer Hampp Verlag.
• KAIMAL, G., Drescher vd. (2016). Learning about Leadership from a Visit to the Art Museum, International Journal of Education & the Arts, C. 17, S. 6.
• KATZ-BUONINCONTRO, J. (2011). How Might Aesthetic Knowing Relate to Leadership? A Review of the Literature, International Journal of Education & the Arts, C. 12, S. SI 1.3.
• KIRIŞOĞLU, O.T. (2002). Beşikten Mezara Sanat ve Kültür Eğitimi, Çoluk Çocuk Dergisi. Ankara: Kök 10 (31).
• KISIDA, B. ve BOWEN, D.H. (2019, February 12). New Evidence of the Benefits of Arts Education. Brookings web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/02/12/new-evidence-of-the-benefits-of-arts-education/ (Erişim: 06.03.2022)
• KLIMOSKI, R. ve AMOS, B. (2012). Practicing Evidence-based Education in Leadership Development, Academy of Management Learning & Education, C. 11, S. 4, 685-702.
• KÖKALAN, Ö. (2010). Drama Eğitiminin Yönetici Adaylarının Beşerî İlişkiler Yeteneği ve Kavramsal Yeteneği Üzerine Etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü: Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
• LAKE, S. (2023, February 09). Why This Top Part-Time MBA Program is Focusing on Leadership Training. Fortune web sayfasından erişildi: https://fortune.com/education/articles/why-this-top-part-time-mba-program-is-focusing-on-leadership-training/ (Erişim: 01.04.2023)
• LAKER, B. (2022, March 09). Is Leadership An Art Or Science? Forbes web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.forbes.com/sites/benjaminlaker/2022/03/09/is-leadership-an-art-or-science/?sh=4215f8bf699b (Erişim: 06.03.2022)
• LATHAM, S.D. (2014). Leadership Research: An Arts-Informed Perspective, Journal of Management Inquiry, C. 23, S. 2, 123–132.
• LAVY, I. (2015, July 10). Art & Leadership: From Henri Matisse to Erwin Wurm, Seeing the Similarities between Leaders and Artists. U.S. News: A World Report web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2015/07/10/the-relationship-between-art-leadership-and-innovation#:~:text=Like%20the%20artist%2C%20the%20leader,%2Dthe%2Dbox%2Dthinking. (Erişim: 15.01.2022)
• LEAVY, P. (2009). Method Meets Art: Arts-based Research Practice. New York: Guilford Press.
• LEVINE, S.K. (2017). Aesthetic Education: Learning through the Arts. E.G. Levine & S.K. Levine (Ed.), New Developments in Expressive Arts Therapy: The Play of Poiesis içinde (177-180). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
• LINDQVIST, K. (2016). Leadership in Art and Business. E. Raviola & P. Zackariasson (Ed.), Arts and Business: Building a Common Ground for Understanding Society içinde (135-147). New York: Routledge.
• LINDSEY, J.L. (2011). FineArt Metaphors Reveal Leader Archetypes, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, C. 18, S. 1, 56-63.
• MEISIEK, S. ve BARRY, D. (2018). Finding the Sweet Spot between Art and Business in Analogically Mediated Inquiry, Journal of Business Research, C. 85, 476-483.
• MITRA, A., Hsieh vd. (2010). Learning How to Look: Developing Leadership through Intentional Observation, Journal of Business Strategy, C. 31, S. 4, 77–84.
• MOLDOVEANU, M. ve NARAYANDAS, D. (2019, March-April). The Future of Leadership Development. Harvard Business Review web sayfasından erişildi: https://hbr.org/2019/03/the-future-of-leadership-development (Erişim: 15.01.2022)
• MORTENSEN, R. (2018, October 22). The Impact of Art on a Community. Brooks Resources Corporation web sayfasından erişildi: https://brooksresources.com/2018/10/the-impact-of-art-on-a-community/ (Erişim: 15.01.2022)
• MOULES, J. (2021, December 01). Learning to Take Leadership Roles in the Arts. Financial Times web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.ft.com/content/5a230dcf-c844-422e-9499-62bc832ff0e1 (Erişim: 15.01.2022)
• NATHAN, L.F. (2019). Creativity, the Arts, and the Future of Work. J.W. Cook (Ed.), Sustainability, Human Well-Being, and the Future of Education içinde (283-310). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
• NISSLEY, N. (2004). The ‘Artful Creation’ of Positive Anticipatory Imagery in Appreciative Inquiry: Understanding the ‘Art of’ Appreciative Inquiry as Aesthetic Discourse. D. L. Cooperrider, M. Avital (Ed.), Constructive Discourse and Human Organization: Advances in Appreciative Inquiry (Vol. 1) içinde (283– 307). New York: Elsevier.
• NISSLEY, N. (2010). Arts-based Learning at Work: Economic Downturns, Innovation Upturns, and the Eminent Practicality of Arts in Business, Journal of Business Strategy, C. 31, S. 4, 8-20.
• O’MALLEY, M. (2012, August 24). Every Leader Is an Artist. https://hbr.org/2012/08/every-leader-is-an-artist (Erişim: 15.01.2022)
• PAINE, N. (2017). Building Leadership Development Programmes: Zero-Cost to High-Investment Programmes that Work. London, UK: Kogan Page.
• PALUS, C.J. (2007). The Art and Science of Leadership, Leadership in Action, C. 19, S. 1, 12-13.
• PEÑA, D. ve GRANT, K. (2019). The Impact of an Art-based Experience on Leadership Development, Work Based Learning e-Journal International, C. 8, S. 2, 59-83.
• PERA MÜZESİ (2019). Keşfedenler: Sanat ile Uygulamalı Öğrenme Pratikleri. Pera Müzesi web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.peramuzesi.org.tr/Images/pdf/seminer-pdf.pdf (Erişim: 01.04.2023)
• PETERS, T. (2001, November 30). Tom Peters’s True Confessions. Fast Company web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.fastcompany.com/44077/tom-peterss-true-confessions (Erişim: 06.03.2022)
• PINK, D.H. (2004, February). Breakthrough Ideas for 2004, Harvard Business Review, 21–22.
• PULLEIN, C. (2020, May 27). How Art Can Improve Your Leadership. Medium web sayfasından erişildi: https://medium.com/carl-pullein/how-can-art-improve-your-leadership-a577111d7fd0 (Erişim: 06.03.2023)
• PURG, D. ve SUTHERLAND, I. (2010). Arts-based Leadership Development at the IEDC-Bled School of Management, Business Leadership Review, C. 7, S. 4, 1-7.
• RECKHENRICH, J. (2006). Was können die Bilder? „Stills“, ein Kunstprojekt über werteorientierte Führung. K. Götz (Ed.), Führung und Kunst içinde (201-213). München: Rainer Hampp Verlag.
• ROMANOWSKA, J., Larsson vd. (2013). Effects on Leaders of an Art-based Leadership Intervention, Journal of Management Development, C. 32, S. 9, 1004-1022.
• ROMERO, D. ve MOLINA, A. (2011). Collaborative Networked Organisations and Customer Communities: Value Co-Creation and Co-Innovation in the Networking Era, Journal of Production Planning & Control, C. 22, S. 5–6, 447–472.
• ROWE, F. (2014.) What Literature Review is not: Diversity, Boundaries and Recommendations, European Journal of Information Systems, C. 23, S. 3, 241- 255.
• RYDER, N., Pring vd. (2002). Lack of Coherence and Divergent Thinking: Two Sides of the Same Coin in Artistic Talent? Current Psychology, C. 21, S. 2, 168–175.
• SAFFERSTONE, M.J. (2005). Organizational Leadership: Classic Works and Contemporary Perspectives, CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, C. 42, 959-975.
• SAN, İ. (1987). Çocuğun ve Gencin Sanat Eğitimi, Milliyet Sanat Dergisi, C. 162, 9-11 ve 63.
• SAN, İ. (2010). Sanat Eğitimi Kuramları. Ankara: Ütopya Yayınları.
• SANDELANDS, L.E., BUCKNER, G.C. (1989). Of Art and Work: Aesthetic Experience and the Psychology of Work Feelings. L.L. Cummings & B.M. Staw (Ed.) Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 11) içinde (105-132). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
• SCHARMER, C.O. (2009). Theory U – Leading from the Future as it Emerges. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
• SCHIUMA, G. (2009). The Value of Arts-based Initiatives: Mapping Arts-based Initiatives. London: Arts & Business.
• SCHIUMA, G. (2011). The Value of Arts for Business. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• SEGEV, E., Raveh vd. (1999) Conceptual Maps of the Leading MBA Programs in the United States: Core Courses, Concentration Areas, and the Ranking of the School, Strategic Management Journal, C. 20, S. 6, 549–565.
• SEIFTER, H. (2005). Surfacing Creativity: An Interview with Terry McGraw, Journal of Business Strategy, C. 26, S. 5, 6.
• SEIFTER, H. ve BUSWICK, T. (2005). Arts-based Learning for Business [Special Issue], Journal of Business Strategy, C. 26, S. 5.
• SEIFTER H. ve BUSWICK, T. (2010). Editors Note: Special Issue on Creatively Intelligent Companies and Leaders: Arts-based Learning for Business, Journal of Business Strategy, C. 31, S. 4, 1-6.
• SNYDER, H. (2019). Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines, Journal of Business Research, C. 104, 333-339.
• SOCIETY FOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2015). SHRM Research Overview: Leadership Development. Society for Human Resource Management web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-forecasting/special-reports-and-expert-views/Documents/17-0396%20Research%20Overview%20Leadership%20Development%20FNL.pdf (Erişim: 15.01.2022)
• SORSA, V., Merkkiniemi vd. (2018). Little Less Conversation, Little More Action: Musical Intervention as Aesthetic Material Communication, Journal of Business Research, C. 85, 365-374.
• SPENCER, M. (2005). It Takes Two to Tango, Journal of Business Strategy, C. 26, S. 5, 62-68.
• SPRINGBORG, C. (2010). Leadership as Art - Leaders Coming to their Senses, Leadership, C. 6, S. 3, 243–258.
• SPRINGBORG, C. ve LADKIN, D. (2018). Realising the Potential of Art-based Interventions in Managerial Learning: Embodied Cognition as an Explanatory Theory, Journal of Business Research, C. 85, 532-539.
• STEED, R. (2005). The Play’s the Thing: Using Interactive Drama in Leadership Development, Journal of Business Strategy, C. 26, S. 5, 48-52.
• STRAUß, A. (2018). Value-Creation Processes in Artistic Interventions and Beyond: Engaging Conflicting Orders of Worth, Journal of Business Research, C. 85, 540-545.
• SUTHERLAND, I. (2013). Arts-based Methods in Leadership Development: Affording Aesthetic Workspaces, Reflexivity and Memories with Momentum, Management Learning, C. 44, S. 1, 25-43.
• SUTHERLAND, I. ve JELINEK, J. (2015). From Experiential Learning to Aesthetic Knowing: The Arts in Leadership Development, Advances in Developing Human Resources, C. 17, S. 3, 289–306.
• SZOSTAK, M. ve SUŁKOWSKI, L. (2021). The Identity and Self-Perception of Artists- Managers, Problems and Perspectives in Management, C. 19, S. 1, 372–386.
• TAORMINA, R.J. (2010). The Art of Leadership: An Evolutionary Perspective, International Journal of Arts Management, C. 13, S. 1, 41-55.
• TAWADROS, T. (2015). Developing the Theater of Leadership: An Exploration of Practice and the Need for Research, Advances in Developing Human Resources, C. 17, S. 3, 337–347
• TAYLOR S.S. (2008). Theatrical Performance as Unfreezing: Ties that Bind at the Academy of Management, Journal of Management Inquiry, C. 17, S. 4, 398–406.
• TAYLOR, S.S. (2012). Leadership Craft, Leadership Art. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
• TAYLAR, S.S., LADKIN, D. (2009). Understanding Arts-based Methods in Managerial Development, Academy of Management Learning and Education, C. 8, 55–69.
• THE ECONOMIST (2011, February 17). Schumpeter: The Art of Management—Business has Much to Learn from the Arts. Economist web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.economist.com/business/2011/02/17/the-art-of-management (Erişim: 15.01.2022)
• THE ECONOMIST (2019, December 12). What Businesses can Learn from the Arts: The Merits of Firms and MBA Programmes that Think Creatively. Economist web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.economist.com/business/2019/12/12/what-businesses-can-learn-from-the-arts?utm_medium=cpc.adword.pd&utm_source=google&ppccampaignID=18151738051&ppcadID=&utm_campaign=a.22brand_pmax&utm_content=conversion.direct-response.anonymous&gclid=Cj0KCQjwiZqhBhCJARIsACHHEH-wXDV3wyV8hY35cwg0WUNUqyUoQJmHU1V7RUh8AAGaOGx0cAQRn-0aAjTNEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds (Erişim: 06.03.2023)
• THE PARTNERSHIP MOVEMENT (2021). Building Partnerships with Business: Arts-based Training Programs. The Partnerhip Movement web sayfasından erişildi: http://cachecreate.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Building-Partnerships-With-Businesses-%E2%80%94-Arts-Based-Training-Programs.pdf (Erişim: 24.03.2022)
• THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS (2023). Arts-based Learning for Business. The University of Texas at Dallas Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship web sayfasından erişildi: https://innovation.utdallas.edu/art-based-learning-for-business (Erişim: 06.03.2022)
• THOMSON, G. (2010). The Art and Science of Experiential Leadership: Culture at the Core of Process Change Success, Journal of Business Strategy, C. 31, S. 4, 85–89.
• THORNHILL-MILLER, B., Camarda vd. (2023). Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education, Journal of Intelligence, C. 11, S. 54.
• TRAN, M.K., Goulding vd. (2018). The Orchestra of Ideas: Using Music to Enhance the ‘Fuzzy Front End’ Phase of Product Innovation, Journal of Business Research, C. 85, 504–513.
• TRILLING, B. ve FADEL, C. (2009). 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• TUNG, W.H. (2013). Art for Social Change and Cultural Awakening: An Anthropology of Residence in Taiwan. Lanham: Lexington Books.
• TÜRK DİL KURUMU (2023). Atasözleri ve Deyimler Sözlüğü. Türk Dil Kurumu web sayfasından erişildi: https://sozluk.gov.tr/ (Erişim: 06.03.2023)
• URGAN, S. (2020). Örgütsel Davranışta Sanat Etkisi ve Musikide Hizmetkar Liderler: Cavit Ersoy ve Hüseyin Erbay Örneği, Social Science Development Journal, C. 5, S. 22, 51-65.
• ÜNVER, E. (2016). Neden ve Nasıl Sanat Eğitimi, İdil, C. 5, S. 23, 865-878.
• VANGUNDY, A.B. ve NAIMAN, L. (2007). Orchestrating Collaboration at Work: Using Music, Improv, Storytelling and Other Arts to Improve Teamwork. USA: BookSurge Publishing.
• WALLRAUCH, T.E. (2022). A Phenomenological Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Nursing Faculty on the Role of Arts-Based Experiential Learning in Their Leadership Development and Practice. Johnson University: Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.
• WALSH, A. ve POWELL, P. (2020). Re-Imagining the MBA: An Arts-based Approach, Higher Education Pedagogies, C. 5, S. 1, 148-164.
• WALSH, S., Bickel vd. (2015). Introduction. S. Walsh, B. Bickel, C. Leggo (Ed.) Arts-based and Contemplative Practices in Research and Teaching içinde (1-19). New York, NY: Routledge.
• WHITELAW, J. (2012). Cultivating Aesthetic Practice for 21st Century Learning: Arts-based Literacy as Critical Inquiry. University of Pennsylvania: Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.
• WINTHER, H. (2018). Dancing Days With Young People: An Art-based Coproduced Research Film on Embodied Leadership, Creativity, and Innovative Education, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, C. 17, 1–10.
• WOODS, P.A., Culshaw vd. (2020). Arts-based and Embodied Methods of Leadership Development: Report of a Literature Review. Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK: Centre for Educational Leadership, School of Education, University of Hertfordshire.
• WOODWARD, J.B. ve FUNK, C. (2010). Developing the Artist-Leader, Leadership, C. 6, S. 3, 295-309.
• WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM (2020, January 09). When An Artist Becomes A Leader. Forbes web sayfasından erişildi: https://www.forbes.com/sites/worldeconomicforum/2020/01/09/when-an-artist-becomes-a-leader/?sh=38f379c893e4 (Erişim: 19.11.2021)
• WRIGHT, C.G. (2021). The Impact of a Creative Arts Skill Set on Leadership. The Faculty of the College of Graduate Studies Lamar University: Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.
• YAMS, N.B. ve HELLDORFF, E. (2017). The Rag Rug: Weaving Together Artistic and Business Patterns of Thinking. E. Raviola, P. Zackariasson (Ed.) Arts and Business: Building a Common Ground for Understanding Society içinde (217-230). New York: Routledge.
• YOLCU, E. (2009). Sanat Eğitimi Kuramları ve Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
• YONGWEN, P. (2015). Art-based Learning in Business in Mainland China, Creative Arts in Education and Therapy (CAET), C. 1, S. 1, 41-52.
• ZAMBRELL, K. (2016). Managers in Artistic Interventions and Their Leadership Approach. U. Johansson Sköldberg, J. Woodilla & A. Berthoin Antal (Ed.), Artistic Interventions in Organizations: Research, Theory and Practice içinde (185-203) New York, NY: Routledge.
• ZANDER, R.S. ve ZANDER, B. (2002). The Art of Possibility. Middlesex: Penguin Books.