Journal of Customs and Trade is an open-access journal.

By “open access” to [peer-reviewed research literature], we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.

Each publication in this Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.



You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where an applicable exception or limitation permits your use.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

Further information and source: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en

Copyright Policy

The authors of the articles published in the Journal of Customs and Trade are credited with the copyright. Authors grant the journal the right of first publication.
Authors agree to publish their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. This license allows articles to be shared, copied, and distributed for non-commercial purposes, provided proper attribution is given.

Author Rights
Authors may share the published version of their articles on academic, institutional, or personal websites with proper attribution.
Authors may use their articles in different academic works, books, or teaching materials. 

Open Access Policy
The Journal of Customs and Trade is an open-access journal. All content is freely accessible immediately upon publication.
Readers can access, read, download, share, and view the full text of articles without any subscription or payment.

Third-Party Usage
Commercial use of articles requires special permission from the authors and the journal’s editorial board.
Citations and references must adhere to academic ethical standards.