Yemeklik Kültür Mantarı Üretim Alanlarında Görülen Genel Mantar Zararlıları ve Mücadelesi

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 4, 507 - 523, 20.12.2017

Nurhan Öztürk , Esin Basım , Mehmet Mamay

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.319808

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Yenilebilir mantarlar besin içeriği bakımından
önemli bir gıda ürünüdür. Kültürü yapılan mantarlar içerisinde uzun yıllardır
en yaygın üretimi yapılan tür Agaricus
bisporus’tur. Mantar yetiştiriciliğinde kalite ve kantite kayıplarına neden
olan önemli entomolojik, nematolojik ve akarolojik problemler söz konusudur.
Bunların başında sciarid, phorid ve cecid mantar sinekleri, küf akarı, kırmızıbiber
akarı, küçük mantar akarı ile nematodlardan Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey,
1958 ve Aphelenchoides composticola Franklin, 1957'dir. Bu zararlılar, hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı
olarak mantar yetiştiriciliğinde sorun oluşturmaktadırlar. Yenilebilir kültür
mantarı üretimi birbiri ardına yapılan aşamalarla gerçekleştiği için mantar
yetiştiriciliğinin her safhasında hijyenik önlemlerin alınması ve havalandırma
koşullarının uygunluğuna dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Diğer önemli bir husus
ise üretim materyallerinin uygun koşullarda pastörizasyonu ve
dezenfeksiyonudur. Bu koşulların uygun olmadığı yetiştirme döneminde,
zararlılar yoğun bir şekilde ortamda gelişebilmektedirler. Bu derlemede,
yemeklik kültür mantarı yetiştiriciliğinde üreticilerin en çok karşılaştığı
mantar zararlılarının tanınmaları, mantarda meydana getirdikleri zararlar ve mücadelelerine
yönelik çözüm önerileri ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Yemeklik kültür mantarı, Agaricus bisporus, Mantar sinekleri, Akarlar, Nematodlar

Common Mushroom Pests in Edible Culture Mushroom Production Areas and Control

Abstract

Edible
culture mushrooms are an important food in terms of nutritional content. Agaricus bisporus has been cultivated
species the most widely fungi in for many years. There are many significant entomological, nematological and
acarological problems that cause significant quality and quantitative losses in
mushroom production. Sciarid, phorid and cecid mushroom flies, mold mites, red
pepper mites, small mushroom mites and Ditylenchus
myceliophagus Goodey and Aphelenchoides
composticola Franklin as nematode are the most important pests in mushroom
production area. These pests cause significant yield losses in mushroom growth
both directly and indirectly. Since edible culture mushroom production has many
successive stages, it is necessary to take hygienic measures at every stage of
mushroom growing period and pay attention to the suitability of ventilation
conditions. In addition, another important issue; production materials using in
mushroom production period must be pasteurized and disinfected properly. During
the production season, when these conditions were not suitable, some pests may
develop intensively in the environment. In this compilation, it was discussed
the identification, damage symptoms of significant edible culture mushroom
pests and solution recommendations in their control.

Keywords

Edible cultural mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, Mushroom flies, Mites, Nematodes

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