Medicili Bir Papa: X. Leo

Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 415 - 431, 10.08.2024

Murat Serdar , Murat Hanar

https://doi.org/10.9737/historystudies.1463603

Abstract

Orta Çağ Avrupası, tarih sahnesinde siyasi ve sosyal olayların belki de en çok yaşandığı yerden biridir. Kavimler Göçü sonrası yangın yerine dönen bu topraklardaki siyasi istikrarsızlığın yarattığı boşluğu Papalık doldurmuştur. İtalya topraklarında feodal birliklerin oluşması ve bu birliklerin zamanla papalık ile siyasi çıkarları sebebiyle karşı karşıya gelmesi Papa bu feodal devletlere karşı büyük güçlerle ittifak kurmuş ya da onlara bazı imtiyazlar vererek ayakta tutmaya çalışmıştır. Papalığın feodal devletlerin baskısından ötürü imparatorlara vermiş olduğu imtiyazlar zamanla kendisini bunlarla da karşı karşıya getirmiştir. 14. Yüzyılda Fransa kralının müdahalesi ile papalığın Avignon’a taşınması bu kurumu Roma ve Avignon olmak üzere ikiye bölmüştür. 14. Yüzyılın son çeyreğinde papalık yeniden Roma’ya dönmüş böylece 15. yüzyılda İtalya’da güçlenen Medici Ailesi papalık ile yakın ilişkiler kurmuş ve zamanla kendi içerisinden de papalar çıkarmıştır. Giovanni de Medici Papa X. Leo unvanıyla bu ailenin papalık makamındaki ilk üyesi olmuştur. Güçlü ve müreffeh bir ailede yetişmiş olan Giovanni de Medici, bu özelliği dolayısıyla dikkatimizi çekmiş ve böyle bir aileden gelmesi papalığı esnasındaki faaliyetlerinde ne derece etkili olmuştur, şeklindeki sorular zihnimizde oluşmuştur. Biz de bu çalışmada bu hususa cevap bulmaya çalıştık.

Keywords

Papa X. Leo, Papalık, Medici, Haçlı Seferi, Martin Luther.

A Medician Pope: Leo X

Abstract

Medieval Europe is where many of history’s significant political and social events occurred. The Papacy tried to fill the gap created by the political instability in these lands, which became chaotic after the Migration of Tribes. The formation of feudal unions in the Italian territory and the confrontation of these unions with the papacy over time due to their political interests led the Pope to try to survive by establishing an alliance with the great powers against these feudal states or by granting them some privileges. Over time, the privileges granted by the Papacy to the emperors due to the pressure of the feudal states brought it into conflict with these powers as well. With the intervention of the King of France in the 14th century, the papacy moved to Avignon, which divided this institution into two: Rome and Avignon. In the last quarter of the 14th century, the papacy returned to Rome, and the Medici Family, which grew stronger in Italy in the 15th century, established close relations with the papacy and produced popes from among themselves over time.
Giovanni de Medici, with the title of Pope Leo X, is the first member of this family to hold the papal office. Giovanni de Medici, who grew up in a powerful and prosperous family, caught our attention due to this background, prompting questions about how his influential family origins impacted his actions during his papacy. We tried to find an answer to this issue in this study.

Keywords

Pope Leo X, Papacy, Medici, Crusade, Martin Luther.

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