Eski Mezopotamya Terminolojisinde Düşman

Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 4, 651 - 668, 10.11.2024

Aysun Payam , Ümran Ozan Karahan

https://doi.org/10.9737/historystudies.1534920

Abstract

Bazı terimlerin insanlığın gözünde zamanı aşan bir gücü vardır. Geçen yıllar bu terimlerin anlam gücünü eksiltmez. Aksine bu terimlerin anlam gücü o kadar keskinleşir ve derinleşir ki, günümüz insanlarını geçmişte yaşamış olan insanlarla aynı duyguda birleştirmeyi başarır. Düşman sözcüğü de hiç şüphesiz böyle bir güce sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Eski Mezopotamya uygarlıklarının düşman kavramına yaklaşımları, düşmanı tanımlamak için kullandıkları Sumerce ve Akadca kelimeler yoluyla incelenmiştir. Orijinal metinlere dayanarak hazırlanmış sözlük ve dilbilgisi eserleri ile dijital kaynakların taranmasıyla ulaşılan terimler, uzmanlar tarafından hazırlanmış ikincil çalışmalarla birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece terimlerin sahip oldukları anlamlar üzerinden çıkarımlar yapılarak düşman ve düşmanlığın Eski Mezopotamya’daki kökeni ve doğası üzerine yorumlar yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak gücü elinde bulunduranlar tarafından oluşturulan düşman anlatımlarının insanların bilinçaltını gösteren kutuplaştırıcı ve karşılaştırmalı bir dile hizmet ettiği; kullanılan düşman terimlerinin ise iki taraf arasında negatif bir ilişki kurulmasını sağladığı anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Düşman, Düşmanlık, Eskiçağ Tarihi, Eski Mezopotamya, Ötekileştirme

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma Uşak Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsünde hazırlanan “Eskiçağ Mezopotamya Metinlerinde Düşman Algısı: (M.Ö. 3200-M.Ö.539)” başlıklı doktora tezi esas alınarak hazırlanmıştır.

Enemy in Ancient Mesopotamian Terminology

Abstract

Some terms possess a timeless power in the eyes of humanity. The passage of years does not diminish their significance. On the contrary, the meaning of these phrases becomes so sharpened and deepened that they manage to unite people of today in the same feeling as people who lived in the past. The word 'enemy' undoubtedly has such power. In this study, the approach of the ancient Mesopotamian civilizations to the concept of enemy is examined through the Sumerian and Akkadian phrases they used to define the enemy. The phrases, which were obtained by scanning dictionary and grammar works and digital resources based on the original texts, were evaluated together with secondary studies prepared by experts. Thus, by making inferences based on the meanings of the terms, comments were made on the origin and nature of enemies and enmity in Ancient Mesopotamia. As a result, it was understood that the enemy narratives created by those in power serve a polarizing and comparative language that shows people's subconscious, while the enemy terms used enable the establishment of a negative relationship between the two sides.

Keywords

Ancient History, Ancient Mesopotamya, Enemy, Enmity, Marginalization

Ethical Statement

This study is based on the doctoral thesis (Uşak University, Institute of Graduate Education) titled "The Perception of Enemy in the Ancient Mesopotamian Inscription (BC 3200-539)".

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