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Nikomedia Eserine Yeni Bir Bakış

Year 2021, Issue: 11, 358 - 365, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.936655

Abstract

Kocaeli Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde korunan kadın başının tarihlendirilmesi konusunda R. Özgan ile aynı görüş paylaşılmamıştır. Nikomedia’dan ele geçen fakat kentteki buluntu yeri bilinmeyen ve herhangi bir yazıtla da desteklenemeyen Nikomedia eseri, özel portre olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tarihlendirme konusunda ise R. Özgan, Geç Traianus dönemini önermiş olsa da eserdeki stilistik özellikler bu döneme özgü değildir. Kuaförlük modasının Flaviuslar Hanedanlığı dönemine ait olduğu portre baştaki idealize özellikler eseri, bu dönem ve Traianus dönemi portrelerinden ayırmaktadır; çünkü Flaviuslar Hanedanlığı’ından, Traianus döneminin sonuna kadarki süreçte portresi yapılan kişilerin karakteristik özellikleri idealize etkilerden uzak aktarılmıştır. Hadrianus döneminde ise imparatorun Grek hayranlığıyla portre sanatında yeni bir sanat akımı doğmuştur. Klasizme öykülenme olarak da tanımlanan bu süreçte portresi yapılan kişilerin karakteristik özellikleri güçlü idealizm etkisi altında yontulmuştur. Kadın başında da takip edilebilen bu stilistik özellikler, Nikomedia eserinin tarihlendirmesinde oldukça önemlidir. Bu yüzden de Geç Hadrianus dönemi özelliği olan göz bebeği ve irisin de işlenmediği portre baş, Erken Hadrianus döneminde Domitia Longina’nın I. tip portrelerinden esinlenerek yontulmuş özel bir portre olmalıdır.

Thanks

Çalışmama, derginizde yer verirseniz, sevinirim.

References

  • Akşit, O. (1985). Roma İmparatorluk Tarihi I (MÖ 27 - 192). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Arlı, Y. (2020). Aphrodisias Buluntusu Demeter/Ceres Rahibesine Yeni Bir Dönem Önerisi. Amasya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8, 1-11.
  • Bernoulli, J. J. (1891). Römische Ikonographie: Die Bildnisse der Römischen Kaiser II. Von Galba bis Commodus. Stuttgart, Berlin-Leipzig: Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft.
  • Burns, J. (2007). Great Women of Imperial Rome: Mothers and Wives of the Caesars. London-New York: Routledge.
  • D’Ambra, E. (2000). Nudity and Adornment in Female Portrait Sculpture of the Second Century AD. D. E. E. Kleiner¬ ve S. B. Matheson (Eds.), I Clavdia II: Women in Roman Art and Society. United States of America: University of Texas Press, 101-114.
  • Erim, K. T. (1986). Aphrodisias: City of Venüs Aphrodite, London: Blond&White Limited.
  • Fittschen, K. ve Zanker, P. (1983). Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom: Band III-Text. West Germany: Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Fittschen, K. ve Zanker, P. (1983). Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom: Band III-Tafeln. West Germany: Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Herrmann, Jr. J. J. (1991). Rearranged Hair: A Portrait of a Roman in Boston and Some Recarved Portraits of Earlier Imperial Times. Journal of the Museum of Fine Arts, 3, 34-50.
  • Kiss, Z. (1984). Etudes sur le Portraits Impérial Romain en Egypte. Varsovie: PWN-Editions Scientifiques de Pologna.
  • Maderne-Lauter, C. (1999). Das Porträt einer Römerin im Frankfurter Liebieghaus. Von der Bedeutung des, Stils. H. v. Steuben (Ed.), Antike Porträts: Zum Gedächtnis von Helga von Heintze. Möhnesee: Bibliopolis, 181-186.
  • McDermott, W. C. ve Orentzel, A. E. (1979). Roman Portraits: The Flavian and Trajanic Period, Columbia-London: University of Missouri Press.
  • Özgan, R. (2013). Roma Portre Sanatı II. İstanbul: Ege Yayınları.
  • Poulsen, V. (1974). Les Portraits Romains Volume II: De Vespasien Á La Basse-Antiquité Texte. Kopenhag: Ny Carlsberg.
  • Poulsen, V. (1974). Les Portraits Romains Volume II: De Vespasien Á La Basse-Antiquité Planches. Kopenhag: Ny Carlsberg.
  • Rystedt, E. (1977). A Flavian Portrait Reconsidered. The Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities MedelhavsMuseet, Bulletin, 12, 70-72.
  • Smith, R. R. R. - Dillon, S. ve Hallet, C. H., vd. (2006). Aphrodisias II: Roman Portrait Statuary from Aphrodisias, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
  • Varner, E. A. (1995). Domitia Longina and the Politics of Portraiture. American Journal of Archaeolgy, 99 (2), 187-206.
  • Varner, E. A. (2004). Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
  • Zoridis, P. (1984). Two New Roman Portraits from Athens. American Journal of Archaeology, 88, (4), 592-594.
  • Wegner, M. (1956). Das Römische Herrscherbild: Hadrian (Plotina. Marciana. Matidia. Sabina). Berlin: Verlag Gebr. Mann.
  • Wegner, M. (1966). Das Römische Herrscherbild: Die Flavier (Vespasian. Titus. Domitian. Nerva. Iulia Titi. Domitilla. Domitia). Berlin: Verlag Gebr. Mann.
  • West, R. (1941). Römische Porträt-Plastik II. Münih: Verlag von Georg Reimer.

A New View On Nicomedia Piece

Year 2021, Issue: 11, 358 - 365, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.936655

Abstract

The same opinion was not shared with R. Özgan about dating of the female head preserved in Kocaeli Archeological Museum. Nicomedia piece, which was obtained from Nicomedia, but finding place in the city is unknown and cannot be supported by any inscription, was defined as a private portrait. Regarding dating, although R. Özgan suggested Late Traianus period, the stylistic features on the piece are not specific to this period. The original idealized features of the portrait, on which the hairdressing fashion belongs to the Flavian Dynasty, distinguishes the piece from the portraits of this period and Traianus period; because the characteristic features of the people who were portrayed during the period from the Flavian Dynasty to the end of Traianus period were transferred away from idealized effects. In Hadrianus period, a new art movement emerged in the portrait art with the Greek admiration of the emperor. In this process, which is also defined as the narration of Classicism, the characteristics of the people who were portrayed were sculpted under the influence of strong idealism. These stylistic features, which can be followed on the female head, are very important in dating Nicomedia piece. Therefore, the portrait head, on which the pupil and iris which are features of Late Hadrianus period, are not processed, should be a special portrait sculpted by being inspired by Ist type portraits of Domitia Longina in Early Hadrianus period.

References

  • Akşit, O. (1985). Roma İmparatorluk Tarihi I (MÖ 27 - 192). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Arlı, Y. (2020). Aphrodisias Buluntusu Demeter/Ceres Rahibesine Yeni Bir Dönem Önerisi. Amasya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8, 1-11.
  • Bernoulli, J. J. (1891). Römische Ikonographie: Die Bildnisse der Römischen Kaiser II. Von Galba bis Commodus. Stuttgart, Berlin-Leipzig: Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft.
  • Burns, J. (2007). Great Women of Imperial Rome: Mothers and Wives of the Caesars. London-New York: Routledge.
  • D’Ambra, E. (2000). Nudity and Adornment in Female Portrait Sculpture of the Second Century AD. D. E. E. Kleiner¬ ve S. B. Matheson (Eds.), I Clavdia II: Women in Roman Art and Society. United States of America: University of Texas Press, 101-114.
  • Erim, K. T. (1986). Aphrodisias: City of Venüs Aphrodite, London: Blond&White Limited.
  • Fittschen, K. ve Zanker, P. (1983). Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom: Band III-Text. West Germany: Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Fittschen, K. ve Zanker, P. (1983). Katalog der römischen Porträts in den Capitolinischen Museen und den anderen kommunalen Sammlungen der Stadt Rom: Band III-Tafeln. West Germany: Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
  • Herrmann, Jr. J. J. (1991). Rearranged Hair: A Portrait of a Roman in Boston and Some Recarved Portraits of Earlier Imperial Times. Journal of the Museum of Fine Arts, 3, 34-50.
  • Kiss, Z. (1984). Etudes sur le Portraits Impérial Romain en Egypte. Varsovie: PWN-Editions Scientifiques de Pologna.
  • Maderne-Lauter, C. (1999). Das Porträt einer Römerin im Frankfurter Liebieghaus. Von der Bedeutung des, Stils. H. v. Steuben (Ed.), Antike Porträts: Zum Gedächtnis von Helga von Heintze. Möhnesee: Bibliopolis, 181-186.
  • McDermott, W. C. ve Orentzel, A. E. (1979). Roman Portraits: The Flavian and Trajanic Period, Columbia-London: University of Missouri Press.
  • Özgan, R. (2013). Roma Portre Sanatı II. İstanbul: Ege Yayınları.
  • Poulsen, V. (1974). Les Portraits Romains Volume II: De Vespasien Á La Basse-Antiquité Texte. Kopenhag: Ny Carlsberg.
  • Poulsen, V. (1974). Les Portraits Romains Volume II: De Vespasien Á La Basse-Antiquité Planches. Kopenhag: Ny Carlsberg.
  • Rystedt, E. (1977). A Flavian Portrait Reconsidered. The Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities MedelhavsMuseet, Bulletin, 12, 70-72.
  • Smith, R. R. R. - Dillon, S. ve Hallet, C. H., vd. (2006). Aphrodisias II: Roman Portrait Statuary from Aphrodisias, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
  • Varner, E. A. (1995). Domitia Longina and the Politics of Portraiture. American Journal of Archaeolgy, 99 (2), 187-206.
  • Varner, E. A. (2004). Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
  • Zoridis, P. (1984). Two New Roman Portraits from Athens. American Journal of Archaeology, 88, (4), 592-594.
  • Wegner, M. (1956). Das Römische Herrscherbild: Hadrian (Plotina. Marciana. Matidia. Sabina). Berlin: Verlag Gebr. Mann.
  • Wegner, M. (1966). Das Römische Herrscherbild: Die Flavier (Vespasian. Titus. Domitian. Nerva. Iulia Titi. Domitilla. Domitia). Berlin: Verlag Gebr. Mann.
  • West, R. (1941). Römische Porträt-Plastik II. Münih: Verlag von Georg Reimer.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Yaşar Arlı 0000-0001-7799-6764

Publication Date December 1, 2021
Acceptance Date July 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Arlı, Y. (2021). Nikomedia Eserine Yeni Bir Bakış. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(11), 358-365. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.936655

IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / IBAD Journal of Social Sciences / IBAD

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